PROJECT BAKTERIAK
CLASS OBJECTIVES
• To exceed 100,000 ft.
• To keep the payload under 800g
• To measure temperature and pressure
• To resolve malfunctions from the maiden voyage
• To meet all FAA and FCC unmanned air balloon regulations
• To successfully predict flight patterns
• To maintain an efficient budget
OUR OBJECTIVE:
TO SEND BACTERIA
INTO SPACE
But why?
MISSION STATEMENT
• Commercial Space Travel
• Sterilization of civilians and equipment is impractical
• Predicting bacterial behavior
BACTERIA
BACTERIA INFORMATION
Species:
• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• Will survive extreme temp. changes
• Facultative anaerobe
• Easily replicated
• Easy to get ahold of
• Safe (is non-pathogenic)
• Practical
• Recommended by Dr. Ty White
• Thioglycollate Broth
OVERVIEW: Test bacteria
after retrieval to find
changes in growth patterns
In the payload
• “Thio” broth E. coli dilution
• 500 microliters
• Plenty of data
• Pure E. coli
Controls
• Freezing during flight
•
•
•
•
Control 1: broth dilution in freezer
Control 2: pure bacteria in freezer
Control 3: broth dilution at room temp
Control 4: pure bacteria at room temp
THE EXPERIMENT
HYPOTHESIS
Based on results from the NASA experiment,
Project MERCURRI, we postulate that the
E. Coli growth rate will be affected by the
drastic pressure and unknown cosmic changes
between the ground and the apex of the flight.
SAFETY CONCERNS
PRECAUTIONS:
• Rubber Gloves
• Medical Masks
• Bleach Baths
• Biohazard Bags
Will the Payload Land Near Civilians?
We will ensure that our payload will not fly
over heavily populated areas using our flight
path predicting technology.
• Biohazard Signs (for payload)
(Donated By Dr. Paul Rezich)
The bacteria species we are using are relatively safe to handle.
Very little danger is involved due to low virulence and pathogenic properties present in the bacteria.
CALCULATIONS
ACCOUNTING FOR CHANGING
ALTITUDE
HELIUM VOLUME CALCULATION
• 𝐹𝐵 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 =
3
𝐹𝑔 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
2
• 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑔 =
+ 𝐹𝑔 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 + 𝐹𝐵 ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑢𝑚
3
𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑔
2
+ 𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑔 + 𝜌ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑔
• 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 = 2.124m3 or 75.01ft3
• Acquiring 100ft3 of Helium would give us a solid cushion
ASCENT VELOCITY CALCULATION
𝐹𝐵 = 𝐹𝐷 + 𝐹𝑔
2
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑔 = 1/2𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝐷 𝐴𝑉 + 𝐹𝑔
ASCENT VELOCITY CALCULATION
2𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛 𝑔 − 𝐹𝑔
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝐷 𝐴
V and A are represented in different forms of PV = nRT
Elevation of Rapid
City:
3247 ft.
Initial Velocity:
3.92 m/s
• 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑜 + 𝑉𝑜 +
• 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡
𝑥 − 𝑥𝑜
•1
(𝑉+𝑉𝑜 )
2
=𝑡
1
a𝑡 2
2
Time (s)
ASCENDING TIME
DESCENT VELOCITY CALCULATION
𝐹𝐷 = 𝐹𝑔
2𝐹𝑔
𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐶𝐷 𝐴
Impact Velocity =
4.74 meters/second
TOTAL TIME
T𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 2 hours,
58.2 minutes
FLIGHT EXPECTATIONS
Recovery destination: Depends on the launch day
PROGRAM: BUFKIT from noaa.gov
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
MEETING FAA REGULATIONS
ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TITLE 14 - CHAPTER 1 - SUBCHAPTER F - PART 101 - SUBPART D
(E-CRF DATA IS CURRENT AS OF DECEMBER 1, 2014)
• Hotwire for secondary cut down
• Launch on a clear day • From SHS football field
• Between sunrise and sunset
• Aluminum Foil- Radar Reflector
• Parachute Chords and Fishing Line -break at 50lb.
• FAA and ATC will be given proper information prior, during, and after the launch
TECHNOLOGY
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
• The Altimeter Module MS5607 and BMP180 sensor will be wired to the
Arduino Uno R3 computer.
• A 9V battery will be used as the power source and will be connected
to the Arduino Uno R3 computer via well secured wires.
• SPOT Tracker Gen 3 GPS will be used for tracking/recovery.
GOPRO HERO 3
Mounted Camera with
photo and video
capabilities
(We intend to use school GoPro cameras if available)
APPARATUS DESIGN
FIXING LAST YEAR’S PROBLEMS
• Problem: Fogging
• Problem: Instability
• Problem: Communication
• Problem: Parachute
• Problem: Spot Tracker
Outside of the Payload
• Quad-tethered payload
connection using pneumatic
tubes to prevent damaging
payload
• String connection swivel
• 36in Near Space Parachute
Inside of the Payload
KEY
Pink- Test tubes
Cyan- Sensors
Blue- Arduino Uno R3
Orange- SPOT Tracker
Dark Gray- GoPros
• Altimeter Module MS5607 and BMP180 Sensor
• Much cheaper the EagleFlight computer
• Smaller than the EagleFlight computer
• Arduino Board
• Easy to use and compatible with the
BMP180 and Altimeter Module MS5607
• 9V Battery
• Power source for the Arduino Board,
Altimeter Module MS5607, and BMP180
• Spot Tracker
• Reliable GPS tracking device
• GoPro Hero 3 Camera( x2)
• Very reliable and durable camera.
• Members of our group will donate theirs.
• Test Tubes w/ thioglycollate broth
• Needed for the bacteria to grow in.
Dimensions of Payload:
7.75in x 11.82in x 5.0in
PAYLOAD BLUEPRINT
BUDGET AND MASS
INSTRUMENTS
Items
Total: $183.85
Total 495.41g
Spot Tracker Gen 3*
$149.95
114.00g
Class 10 Micro SD memory card (x2)
$33.90 ($16.95 each)
Included in GoPro weight
BMP180 Temperature/Pressure Altimeter
Owned by Project Bakteriak
0.81g
Arduino Uno R3 Board
Owned by Project Bakteriak
22.80g
Altimeter Module MS5607
Donated by Brendan Rezich
2.10g
Wires
Donated by SHS Science Department
~9.00g
9V Battery
Donated by Brendan Rezich
44.90g
GoPro Hero 3 Black &Silver Edition w/cases(x2)*
Lent by Brennan Lytle and Ethan May
274.80g (137.40g each)
Hand Warmer
Donated by Rick Schleusener
22.00g
Electrical Tape
Donated by Noah Storm
~5.00g
* Denotes that it could be donated by the school
BACTERIA ITEMS
Items
Cost: FREE
Total: 39.60g
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Donated by Rapid City Regional Hospital
Microbiology Department
Negligible
Thioglycollate broth
Donated by Rapid City Regional Hospital
Microbiology Department
~10.00g
Test Tubes (x2)
Donated by SHS Science Department
~29.60g (~14.8g each)
PAYLOAD PARTS
Items
Total: $149.98
Total: 237.38
1in 1.3 pcf Foamular 32 sq. ft. sheet
$19.99
96.75g
36in Near Space Parachute (with chords)
$35.00
75.00g
1200g Balloon*
$94.99
(not included)
Helium (370.00g)
Donated by A&B Welding
(not included)
Packing Material (Bubble Wrap)
Donated by SHS Science Department
~20.00g
50lb fishing line
Donated by SHS Science Department
~2.00g
Swivel
Donated by SHS Science Department
1.20g
Desiccant Powder
Donated by SHS Science Department
2.00g
2 inch Pneumatic Tubing Strips(x4)
Donated by Jack Grimm
~4.50g (1.125g each)
Aluminum Foil
Donated by Brendan Rezich
5.93g
Elmer's Adhesive Spray
Donated By Brendan Rezich
~3.00g
Gorilla Glue
Donated By Brendan Rezich
~5.00g
Waterproof Spray
Donated By Brendan Rezich
~2.00g
Cellophane
Donated by Noah Storm
~5.00g
Packing Tape
Donated by Noah Storm
~15.00g
TOTAL BUDGET AND MASS
TOTALS
Payload Mass:
772.39 grams
Total Mass:
2342.39 grams
Total Budget:
$353.86 (w/ 6% tax)
Ideal Budget: $94.22 (w/ 6% tax)
SUMMARY
Special Thanks to:
Our Generous Sponsors
A&B Welding
PROJECT BAKTERIAK
IS SENDING BACTERIA INTO SPACE LEGAL?
IS SENDING BACTERIA INTO SPACE LEGAL?
Similar Experiments have been done by organizations such as
NASA and junior high schools successfully.
There are no laws or regulations preventing us sending our
bacteria into space.
BUT IS OUR PROJECT CONSIDERED A BIOLOGICAL WEAPON…?
IS OUR PAYLOAD CONSIDERED A
BIOLOGICAL WEAPON?
No it is not
Definition of Biological Weapon: a harmful biological agent (such as a pathogenic
microorganism or a neurotoxin) used as a weapon to cause death and disease.
Definition of Biological Warfare: the use of harmful living things (such as pathogenic
microorganism or a neurotoxin) as weapons in a war.
(Definitions provided by Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
Additionally…
IS OUR PAYLOAD CONSIDERED A
BIOLOGICAL WEAPON?
Nobel Prize Winner Dr. Joshua Lederberg: a pioneer research geneticist, professor and past president of
Rockerfeller University made a testimony to Committee on Foreign Relations Chair. The following is an
excerpt from an article from the CDC Emerging Infectious Disease Journal (Volume 7, Number 6) that
summarized Dr. Lederberg’s testimony.
(http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/7/6/01-0636_article)
“I [Dr. Lederberg] define biological warfare as use
of agents of disease for hostile purposes.”
PROJECT BAKTERIAK
MEETING FAA REGULATIONS
ELECTRONIC CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS: TITLE 14 - CHAPTER 1 - SUBCHAPTER F - PART 101 - SUBPART D
(E-CRF DATA IS CURRENT AS OF DECEMBER 1, 2014)
§101.33 Operating Limitations:
By our balloon will exceed 2.000 ft. altitude
By using a hotwire system as the secondary cutdown method
By the Meteorological Team ensuring that our balloon will be launched on a clear day
By the Meteorological Team ensuring that there will be little wind to blow our balloon
away only the football field for the first 1,000 ft. of ascent
• By our calculated descent acceleration and payload mass creating an impact force
that is not hazardous to people or personal property
•
•
•
•
MEETING FAA REGULATIONS
§101.35 Equipment and marking requirements
•
•
•
•
•
By using aluminum foil on the payload to reflect radar
By launching between the hours of sunrise and sunset
By using our fishing line and parachute chords that will break at 50lbs
By not using an alternative suspension device
By building a payload that is less than 4lb
• (Therefore we can neglect the weight:surface area restriction)
MEETING FAA REGULATIONS
§101.37 Notice requirements.
• Our representative will be giving the FAA the following information:
• The balloon identification
• The estimated date and time of launching, amended as necessary to remain within plus or minus
30 minutes
• The location of the launching site
• The cruising altitude
• The forecast trajectory and estimated time to cruising altitude or 60,000 feet standard pressure
altitude, whichever is lower
• The length and diameter of the balloon, length of the suspension device, weight of the payload,
and length of the trailing antenna
• The duration of flight
• The forecast time and location of impact with the surface of the earth
• Our representative will meet with the FAA the previous day to the launch.
MEETING FAA REGULATIONS
§101.39 Balloon position reports.
• The SPOT Tracker will give us the GPS coordinates of our balloon and our representative to the FAA will inform
them of the balloon’s position.
• Our representative to the FAA will forward to the FAA the following information one hour before descent:
•
•
•
•
The current geographical position
The balloon position
The forecast time of penetration of 60,000 feet standard pressure altitude (if applicable)
The forecast trajectory for the balance of the flight
• Our representative to the FAA will inform them of the balloon’s last known position if a two-hour window is missed
 Our representative to the FAA will inform them when Project Bakteriak’s balloon has landed.
PROJECT BAKTERIAK
ALTIMETER MODULE
MS5607
Product Applications:
•
Mobile altimeter / barometer
systems
•
Rate of Climb and Descent Indicator
(RCDI)
•
High altitude balloons
•
Height sensing
•
Navigation
•
Weather station
•
Altitude hold for UAVs IMU builds
BMP180 PRESSURE/
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
Product Applications:
•
Indoor navigation
•
GPS-enhancement for deadreckoning, slope detection, etc.
•
Sport devices, e.g. altitude profile
•
Weather forecast
•
Vertical velocity indication (rise/sink
speed)
PROJECT BAKTERIAK
WHY SEND TWO TEST TUBES?
• Broth dilution tube
• Tests how the bacteria is affected when it is frozen in its growth process
• Pure bacteria tube
• Measures non-freezing related variables (pressure, gravity, radiation, and others)
• Non-dependent because normally, bacteria is frozen before culturing
PROJECT BAKTERIAK