CELL GUIDED NOTES
Name: ____________________________________________________
Cell Structure Review
External boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of cell
Contains digestive enzymes of many varieties
Site of ATP synthesis
Slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area
Stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments, and so on
Membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles; modifies and
packages proteins for export
Control center of the cell
Two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; during cell division they form the
mitotic spindle
Dark, densely staining nuclear body; assembles ribosomes
Contractile elements of the cytoskeleton
Membranous system that manufactures proteins for export
Membranous system that synthesizes and breaks down cholesterol, metabolizes
fact, and detoxifies drugs
Attached to membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm; synthesize
proteins
Threadlike structures in the nucleus; contain DNA
Site of detoxification of harmful chemicals
Determine shape of cell, supports organelles, and allows intracellular transport
and cell movement
Whiplike cellular extensions that move substances along the surface of the cell
A long cellular extension that functions to propel the cell
Which ones do you need to focus your study on?
1
Label the numbers
6
5
4
1
3 (whole structure)
7
2 (threads)
11
8
10
9
Take notes on hints for how to recognize different structures here!
2
Cell Structure Questions
Describe the shape of mitochondria. _________________________________________________.
Rough ER, Smooth ER, and the Golgi apparatus are all membranous structures. How can you tell them apart on a
diagram?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How do the typical placements rough ER and Golgi apparatus reflect their function?
____________________________________________________________________________________
You notice a small, circular structure in the cytoplasm. It is has a membrane. Name 3 structures it might be.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Cell Diversity
Small intestine cell –
List 2 special features & functions
1)
2)
Blood cell –
List 2 special features
1)
2)
3
Tracheal epithelial cell –
List 1 special feature and function
1)
What is the difference between microvilli and cilia?
________________________________________________________________________________
See textbook for more examples!
PLASMA MEMBRANE
Selectively permeable barrier between the cell and the environment.
What does ‘selectively permeable’ mean?
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Selective permeability is necessary for the cell to maintain the correct internal
environment for physiological functions.
PLASMA MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
4
 Phospholipids
◦ Make up the majority of the membrane
◦ Arranged in a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads outside, and hydrophobic tails inside
Hydrophilic = ______________________
Hydrophilic molecules are __________________ like water.
Hydrophobic = _____________________
Hydrophobic molecules are _________________ like oil.
____________________________ can interact with watery external environment and watery
cytoplasm.
____________________________ reduce the diffusion of water and other charged or polar
substances across the membrane.
 Cholesterol
◦ Makes the cell membrane more ______________ and less
_________________________________________________
 Proteins
◦ Act as ________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 Glycoproteins and Glycolipids
◦ Glyco = ___________________________
◦ Influence cell interactions (e.g. identifying cell as ‘self’) and molecule transport
5