13 Colonies Review
Why did
settlers leave
England to
establish
colonies in the
New World?
Answer >>
Two Primary Reasons:
To gain wealth through
land and natural
resources.
To escape religious
persecution and establish
settlements/colonies where
they could practice their
own religion.
What are the three
types of colonies
established?
Answer >>
Corporate Colony:
The monarch gave control of the land
and its settlers to a business.
Proprietary Colony:
Control was given to a proprietor
(owner) or group of proprietors (owners).
Royal/Crown Colony:
The monarch kept control,
usually through appointed
officials.
By 1752 many
colonies had
been changed to
a Royal Colony.
Colonial “regions”
(N.E., Middle, Southern)
developed based on
______________.
Answer >>
The area’s climate
and resources
N.E. – wet, cold, hilly rocky: small selfsustaining farms, fishing, logging
Middle – a little longer growing season, some cash crops
grown (wheat & rye), good harbors were plentiful so
shipping and shipbuilding were significant industries. Fur
trading also developed in this region.
Southern – warm climate, rich soil: perfect for largescale farming. Large plantations developed growing
major cash crops such as indigo, tobacco, and rice.
What was the
geography of the New
England Colonies like
and how did this effect
their industry and way
of life?
Answer >>
The New England colonies were hilly and rocky, and the
climate was wet and cool. This made large-scale
farming difficult. Although, many colonists were selfsufficient farmers.
Because of the available water and forests, fishing, ship
building, and logging were the major industries in
these colonies.
Who were the Puritans?
Why did they leave
England?
Answer >>
The Puritans came to the New World
seeking religious freedom.
They wanted to purify the Church of
England. They wanted to do away
with the fancy adornments and
ceremonies.
The Puritan colony was named the
Massachusetts Bay Colony and their
main settlement was in the city of
Boston.
Who led the Puritans to
the New World?
Answer >>
John Winthrop
Name four key
problems that the
Puritan’s
“Holy Experiment”
community had.
Answer >>
1. Although they left England to escape
religious intolerance, they themselves were
intolerant of any other views than their own.
2. They allowed slavery
3. Conflicts arose between the Puritans and the
Native Americans
4. The Salem Witch Trials – those accused of
practicing witchcraft were subjected to trials
and hangings.
What does the word
intolerant mean?
Answer >>
Not accepting of ideas or
behaviors different from
one’s own.
What does the word
persecution mean?
Answer >>
Unjust treatment
Name three people that
left Massachusetts due to
religious intolerance.
Name their settlements as
well.
Answer >>
Roger Williams –
Providence, Rhode Island
Thomas Hooker –
Hartford, Connecticut
Anne Hutchinson – moved
to Rhode Island
Who were the
Separatists?
What did they believe?
What struggles did they
endure?
Answer >>
Separatists left England to begin
their own church. They wanted to
separate completely from the Church
of England.
They were blown off course and
landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Were not prepared for the climate, nor
used to the area, so they struggled to
survive.
Who helped the
Separatists?
Answer >>
Squanto,
Massassoit, and
Samoset
were Native Americans that
helped the Separatists learn
how to survive in their new
environment.
Who founded
Providence, Rhode
Island?
Answer >>
Roger Williams was a
dissenter (a person whose views
are different from those of his or
her leaders) and was forced to
leave Massachusetts.
Who was the governor
of the Plymouth
Colony?
Answer >>
William
Bradford
Was elected as the governor of
the pilgrim’s Plymouth Colony
after the death of John Carver.
What was the
Mayflower Compact?
Answer >>
The Mayflower
Compact was
established as a new set
of laws/rules to govern
the pilgrims
(Separatists) once they
realized they were no
longer under British
laws.
The “Lost Colony” was
named _______ and
established by_______.
Answer >>
The “Lost Colony” was
named Roanoke and
was established by Sir
Walter Raleigh.
What was the
geography of the
Middle Colonies like
and how did this effect
their industry and way
of life?
Answer >>
The Middle Colonies had a more moderate
climate and were resource rich:
•Fur Trade
•Farming – wheat and rye were grown as a
cash crop
•Shipping/Ship-Building
(many good harbors)
•Manufacturing
Who first
settled the
Middle
Colonies?
Answer >>
The Dutch, but
England later took
over the area.
The Quakers
were also
known as…
Answer >>
“The Society of
Friends”
The Middle Colonies
were more tolerant
of different religions
because…
Answer >>
…they were settled by a diverse
group of people:
Dutch, Germans, Quakers…
(refer to your notes & text for a complete list of
people groups that settled this area)
The Quakers
believed in…
Answer >>
…equal rights for all.
Therefore:
•They opposed slavery
•They had good relationships with
the Native Americans
•They welcomed all religions
The Quakers were
led by _________and
founded the colony
of ___________
Answer >>
The Quakers were
led by William Penn
and founded the
colony of
Pennsylvania
(“Penn’s Woods).
Penn’s capital was
called __________
and meant
__________.
Answer >>
Penn’s capital was
named Philadelphia
and meant “City of
Brotherly Love.”
Who founded
the colony of
Maryland?
Answer >>
Lord Baltimore
What was the main
religious group in
Maryland?
Answer >>
Catholic
Who founded the
thirteenth colony of
Georgia?
What was its purpose?
Answer >>
Georgia was
founded by
James Oglethorpe
for
debtors and the
poor
The House of Burgesses
was located where, who
were the members, and
what did they do?
Answer >>
The House of Burgesses is in
Virginia, its members were
free, male landowners
assembled to vote on matters
such as:
• taxes
• to make new laws
• setting the price of tobacco
Who was the leader
of Virginia?
Answer >>
John Smith
What was the official
religion of Virginia?
Answer >>
Anglicanism
(Church of England)
Describe the
Great Awakening and
how it affected religious
tolerance …
Answer >>
1. Protestants had new ideas and emphasized
strong emotions, rather than difficult ideas.
2. People became more interested in religion
and joined new religious groups (like
Baptists and Methodists).
3. Some religions reached out to African
Americans.
4. Growth of such groups led to greater
acceptance of different faiths in colonies.
Who were some of
the leaders
(preachers) of the
Great Awakening?
Answer >>
George Whitefield
Jonathan Edwards
Gilbert Tennent
Samuel Davies
What was the
town common
in New
England
colonies?
Answer >>
An open space in
center where cattle
and sheep could
graze.
What was the freemarket economy and
why did it grow in the
New England and
Middle colonies?
Answer >>
•
A system in which prices
are NOT controlled by the
government
•
Towns in Middle colonies
were busy trading centers,
where farmers came to sell
their crops and buy items,
like clothing and tools.
What is the
difference between
indentures servants
and enslaved people?
Answer >>
 Indentured servants agree to
work for an amount of time
(like 5-7 years) in exchange for
housing, food, and voyage to
America
 Enslaved people are considered
property and can be bought
and sold.
What was the
geography of
Southern colonies
and how did that
effect their industry
and way of life?
Answer >>
1.
Warm climate and rich soil
2.
Had plantations (large farms) with
many workers who lived on the land
they worked.
3.
Slavery increased because
plantations grew
4.
Plantation owners supported slavery
because they needed them to work
the land.
Why did early settlements
need governments? Were
they a true democracy?
… Explain
Answer >>
 To help solve problems and
make rules
 They were NOT a true
democracy because only men
who owned property could vote
 British passed laws for colonies
without their knowledge or
representation
Name four things that
enslaved people did to rebel
against their situation.
Answer >>
1.
Worked slowly
2.
Ran away
3.
Bought their own freedom
4.
Fight back
What did the French,
Spanish, and English
focus on when they
settled in the colonies?
Answer >>
French – trade with several
Indian groups
Spanish – agriculture
(plantations) and used
enslaved people
English – agriculture
(plantations) and various
trades
Name 5 people who
were influential in
developing the colonies
and why.
Answer >>
John Smith - leader of Virginia
William Penn - founder of Pennsylvania and created a colony
of religious tolerance
John Winthrop – led the Puritans
Roger Williams – dissenter of Puritans and founded
Providence, Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson – founded colony in Rhode Island
Thomas Hooker – founded Hartford, Connecticut
William Bradford – governor of Plymouth
James Oglethorpe – founded Georgia (debtors/poor)
George Whitefield – leader of the Great Awakening