Display technologies seminar
3D Displays
13 May 2010
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences
Lauri Virkki
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
Agenda
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What is 3D?
3D History
3D production
3D Displays
3D now
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
• What is 3D?
– Eyes are average 64 mm apart
– Objects are seen on slightly different angle for
each eye
– Brain processes view from both eyes into one
image where objects have different
perspective
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
http://www.vision3d.com/stereo.html
3D Displays
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• 3D display techniques exploit the way
human vision works
• On display or screen eyes are focused on
screen level even though images might
appear to be in front or behind the display
– This can cause eye fatigue or other symptoms
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
3D Displays
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3D history
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
• Concept of stereoscopy was introduced by
Charles Wheatstone in 1830’s
• First ever 3D film show was ‘The Power of
Love’ at Ambassador Hotel theater in Los
Angeles in 1922
• In 1950’s 3D films were featured in movie
theatres
• In 1980’s and 90’s IMAX theatres showed
3D films
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
• In Japan Nippon BSII digital started the
BSII 3D TV channel in 2007
• In Europe UK broadcaster Sky has started
broadcast of BSkyB 3D channel
• 3D breakthrough in Finland was Avatar in
movie theatres
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
3D production
3D Displays
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikebrowne/3762233229/
3D Displays
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3D production
• From hype to reality
• In 2008 there were 8 movies in 3D
• In 2009 there were over 20 and they were
more popular than 2D movies
• DreamWorks Animation no longer produce
anything in 2D only
• 2010 football World Cup in South Africa –
up to 25 games filmed in 3D
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
Stereo pair
• Based on providing view for left and right
eye separately by various techniques
3D Displays
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• Color filters
– Red and green glasses
– Also other color combinations used
– No need for 3D display
– Can be used even on print
– Colors can be faded and in any are effected
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
http://www.flickr.com/photos/36085855@N05/3563279123/
3D Displays
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• Polarizing filters
– Image for each eye displayed through
polarizing filter
– Viewer wears similarly polarized glasses
– In projection screen surface must not affect
polarization
– Some overall brightness drop
– Circular polarization used to eliminate image
disappearing when tilting head
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
http://pro.jvc.com/pro/microsite/3d
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
• Shutter glasses
– Glasses block one eye at the time in sync with
display
– Requires high speed display
– Glasses have active components
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D Displays
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Autostereoscopic
• Each eye of the viewer sees the different
image from the same display without use
of glasses
• Narrow viewing position
• Binocular with one viewing position and
multi-view with several viewing positions
3D Displays
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3D Displays
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• Parallax barrier
– Series of vertical aperture slits are placed in
front of the screen that control which part of
the screen each eye sees
– Horizontal resolution is halved
– Can be turned off for 2D
– Small sweet spot
3D Displays
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3D Displays
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• Lenticular
– Thousands of tiny lenses placed in front of
regular LCD screen
– Each eye can focus on different set of sub
pixels on LCD element
– LC lenses can be turned of for 2D viewing
– Slanted lenses versions for multi-view
3D Displays
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3D Displays
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Philips optoelectronic
LC-lens-switch concept
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
• Head tracking
– By tracking viewers head the display optics
are kept so that viewer’s eyes stay in
stereoscopic area
– Downside is increased system complexity
• Requires system to process tracking data like
OpenCV
– Virtual reality systems would be an example
of head tracking system integrated into
monitor glasses
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D Displays
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• Volumetric
– Use a medium to fill or scan a threedimensional space
– Because depths is part of the space of the
volumetric display eye convergent and focus
just like in real world
– Swept volume
– Solid state system
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
Sony prototype with 96 x 128 pixel resolution
3D Displays
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• Holographic
– Photography technique that records image on
three dimensions
– Each point of the holographic screen emits
light beams of different color and intensity to
various directions
– Cannot be done in real-time for video
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
HoloVizio display principle
3D Displays
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3D video signal
Left right independent
Frame independent
Above-below
Checkerboard
Side by side
Line by line
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• 2D conversion to 3D
– Lack of 3D content – chicken or the egg
problem
– 3D display not convertible to 2D cannot sell
– Philips has developed algorithms that derive a
depth map for each video frame automatically
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D now - movies
• XpanD
– Used by Finnkino -16 theatre rooms
– Total of 27 theathres in Finland
– Regular white matte screen and shutter glasses
synced with IR
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D now - movies
• Dolby 3D
– RGB for each eye is split into different wavelengths
with the color filter wheel in front of projector and
dichroic filter ‘Infitec’ glasses
– Bio Rex in Hämeenlinna
http://pro.jvc.com/pro/microsite/3d
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
3D now - movies
• RealD
– Circular polarization and silver screen
– No theatres in Finland
http://pro.jvc.com/pro/microsite/3d
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D now - movies
• IMAX
– Two projectors
– Polarization or shutter glasses
3D Displays
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of Digital Media
3D now - TV
• JVC
– circular polarization
– Line by line or side by side
• Samsung
– LED, LCD and plasma
– Shutter glasses
• Panasonic
– Plasma
– Shutter glasses
– Frame sequential for full HD
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
3D now - TV
• Sharp
– Autostereoscopic with parallax barrier
– Also touch screen
• Sony
– Shutter glasses
– Frame sequential
3D Displays
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3D now – Blu-ray
• December 19th 2009 Blu-ray disk association
announced final specification for 3D Blu-ray
• Multiview Video Coding (MVC) codec
– full backwards compability with players
• First movies available this summer
– Poutapilviä ja lihapullakuuroja (Cloudy With A
Chance Of Meatballs)
3D Displays
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3D now – computer displays
• nVidia 3D vision
– Screen must be 120 Hz
– Compatible display adapter
• No proper standard – lots of different
solutions
• Holographica HoloVizio
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
Conclusions
• 3D is here but will it break through at
homes will be seen
• Well working autostereoscopic displays
needed
3D Displays
The Science
of Digital Media
Questions?
Thank you!