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A. CELL THEORY
1) All living things are made
of one or more cells.
2) Cells are the basic
unit of structure and
function in living things.
3) Living cells come
only from other living
cells.
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B) Two Types of Cells:
• These cells have a nucleus.
• Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that
holds the DNA.
• Examples are plant and animal cells.
• These cells DO NOT have a nucleus.
• DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the
cell.
• An example is bacteria
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Eukaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
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C) COMPARING TWO EUKARYOTIC CELLS:
ANIMAL CELL
No Cell wall
VS.
PLANT CELL
Large
Cell wall
Small Vacuoles
Large Vacuoles
No Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
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D) SOME CELL TERMS &
STRUCTURES:
1) ORGANELLES:
• tiny organs in the cell.
2) CYTOPLASM:
• fluid filling inside the cell membrane.
• makes up the majority of cell’s mass.
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Cell membrane
Vacuole
Golgi Body
Nucleus
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleolus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
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3) CELL MEMBRANE
• controls movement of materials into and
out of the cell
• holds cell together
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
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Cell membrane
made of special
lipids called
“phospholipids”
Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
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One phospholipid
molecule.
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A model of a section of
phospholipid molecules
that make up the cell
membrane.
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Animal Cell
Cell
membrane
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4) CYTOSKELETON
• found in animal cells.
• it is a protein “framework” inside the cell
that gives the cells their shape.
5) CELL WALL
• found in plant cells not animal cells
• provides strength and support for plant
cells.
• made of cellulose (long chains of sugar
molecules)
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Cell wall
Cell
membrane
Plant Cell
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E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS:
1) Nucleus:
• the control center of the cell
• stores DNA
(a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the
nucleus, which makes ribosomes.
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(b) nuclear membrane - controls
movement of materials in and
out of nucleus.
(c)
DNA - stores information for
making proteins
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2) RIBOSOME
• tiny grain like
particles usually
found along the
E.R.
Ribosome
• proteins are
made here &
sometimes
called “Protein
Factories”
Proteins
Amino acids
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Close as you get to a real picture of a
Ribosome. It is made of RNA and
protein.
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3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
• makes lipids
• the delivery system of the cell for
compounds such as proteins through its
tubular connections.
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Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Animal Cell
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Mitochondria
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
4) Mitochondria:
• the “Power House” of the cell
• releases energy packets of ATP for use
in the cell.
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Mitochondria
A real picture of a mitochondrion.
Spelling of word ending is –ion for
singular and –ia for plural
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More mitochondria
Mitochondria
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Chloroplast
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
5) Chloroplast:
• “Solar Panels” for capturing energy
• they use energy from sunlight to make
food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).
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Vacuole
Real picture
of Chloroplasts
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More pictures of real Chloroplasts
The green round structures are
chloroplasts
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Vacuole
Chloroplast
Plant Cell
Cell
membrane
Mitochondria
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Vacuole
Animal Cell
6) Vacuole:
Plant Cell
• “Storage Tanks” of the cell
• store water, food and waste.
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Golgi complex
Animal Cell
7) Golgi body:
• packages and transports materials out
of the cell.
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Vesicle with food
Animal Cell
Lysosome
8) Lysosome:
• “Clean-up and Recycling Crew”
• digest food particles, wastes, cell parts,
and foreign invaders.
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More pictures of
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Summary of organelles and their functions
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Pictures of different cells. These are cells
from inside the cheek of your mouth.
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White Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
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This is a Plant Cell found in
many fish aquariums
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A Neuron is a nerve cell that is part of our
nervous system.
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This shows different types of muscle cells which make
up muscle fiber.
Muscle Cells
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