Check on Learning
(1) What is imperialism, define it?
Imperialism
• The economic
and political
domination of a
stronger nation
or people over a
weaker one
Check on Learning
(2) The following term refers to the superiority of
the racial quality of English-speaking nations that
had supposedly superior character, ideals, and
systems of government.
– A. Ethnocentrism
– B. Nativism
– C. Jingoism
– D. Anglo-Saxonism
Check on Learning
(3) The following term refers to an aggressive
feeling of strong nationalism.
–
–
–
–
A. Ethnocentrism
B. Nativism
C. Jingoism
D. Anglo-Saxonism
*** The U.S. entering which war is commonly
associated with this concept of an aggressive
feeling of strong nationalism.
Causes of Spanish-American War
• Cuban Rebellion / “Cuban War of Independence”
– Seen as similar to “American Revolution”
• American investments in Cuba
– $50 million in investments
• Yellow Journalism
– Sensational news stories
• USS Maine
– Blamed on the Spanish
Check on Learning
(4) What were the causes of U.S. and Western
imperialism?
• We can see the causes of U.S. Imperialism in the
handout “The Apostle of American Sea Power”
regarding the Mahan Doctrine:
• “That America, home of a superior race, must
penetrate world markets. It must build a merchant
marine to carry the goods, and a two-ocean Navy
to protect them and to defend its strategic and
commercial interests in Samoa, Hawaii, the
Caribbean and the Isthmus of Panama.“
• Anglo-Saxonism
• Expanding markets overseas
• More military / naval bases
Check on Learning
(5) Name three of the four consequences of the
Spanish-American War.
Consequences of the Spanish-American War
- 1 - U.S. takes possession of Puerto Rico, Guam, and
the Philippines
Guam
Puerto Rico
American Samoa
Consequences of the Spanish-American War
- 2 - Cuba has pseudo self-rule until 1934 with the change of
the “Good Neighbor” Policy.
- Platt Amendment – Ties Cuba to United States, with requirements of …
- [1] Cuba could not make a treaty with other nations to weaken its
independence
- [2] U.S. will rent / buy a naval base (Guantanamo Bay)
- [3] Cuba’s level of debt is restricted
- [4] U.S. reserves the right to intervene
- 3 - U.S. adopts more “active” role in the affairs of the
world, as the “defender of democracy” in the world.
- 4 - Theodore Roosevelt becomes a new national hero.
(6) What term could we apply to this
decision by President William
McKinley?
– “ … [W]e could not leave them to themselves – they were
unfit for self-government – and they would soon have
anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was.
And, four, that there was nothing left for us to do but to
take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift them
and civilize and Christianize them …”
- Berlin
Conference,
1884-85
(7) How did the
Berlin Conference
affect Africa?
Check on Learning
(8) The following individual believed in the
superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race and he is
credited with creating his own “doctrine” calling for
a strong Navy, a merchant marine, and colonies
overseas.
– A. William McKinley
– B. Alfred Mahan
– C. William Howard Taft
– D. Grover Cleveland
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(9) Which battle enacted a crushing defeat upon
the Spanish Empire, forcing them to give up their
colonies in the Caribbean and eventually the
Philippines?
– A. Battle of Manilla Bay
– B. Battle of San Juan Hill
– C. Battle of Santiago
Battle of Manila Bay, Philippines
May 1,
1898
Spanish fleet
defeated in a
matter of
hours; no U.S.
killed sailors.
Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba
July 1,
1898
Take the hills
surrounding the Port
of Santiago
Battle of Santiago, Cuba
July 3,
1898
Spanish fleet
leaves
Santiago
Harbor and
is destroyed.
Check on Learning
(10) What did the Bayonet Constitution establish in
the country of Hawaii?
Annexation of Hawaii
• 1875, U.S. establishes a naval base in
Hawaii
• 1887, the Bayonet Constitution, which
restricted voting rights for native
Hawaiians
• January 16, 1893 - the peaceful
overthrow of the Queen
• 1898, Newlands Resolution, establishing
Hawaii becomes a U.S. Territory
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(11) Regarding which country did the Secretary of
State John Hay write a letter to the other major
powers, arguing that each country should (1)
establish a sphere of influence and (2) commit to
free trade?
“Open Door Policy”
- Before U.S.
involvement,
established
leaseholds …
- 1899, Secretary
of State John Hay
writes a letter …
- “Spheres of
Influence …”
Don’t
forget the
Mexican
Revolution
and “good
ole” Pancho
Villa!!!!
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(11) Who would have said the quote below, an
imperialist or anti-imperialist?
• "We are [today] raising more than we can
consume. Today we are making more than
we can use ... Therefore we must find new
markets for our produce, new occupation
for our capital, new work for our labor . . ."
Check on Learning
(12) Which of these terms best expresses the
American foreign policy response to events happening
around the world throughout the majority of
American History?
• (A) Isolationism
• (B) Monroe Doctrine
• (C) Roosevelt Corollary
• (D) Dollar Diplomacy
Questions I forgot to include on
the Study Guide, so make sure to write these down:
• ** (1) How does Theodore
Roosevelt change the American
Presidency: what were his
actions, and how these are
different from those of previous
presidents?
• ** (2) Summarize the impact of
the Progressive Era Reforms:
how do these reforms change
America, and is this socialism?
Why or why not?
** If you don’t love
Theodore Roosevelt,
leave my classroom
now and never come
back!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• (13) How do the events of Feb. 14, 1884 and living in the
Dakota Territory in the 1880’s change his life forever?
• (14) Why did he fight in the Spanish-American War?
• (15) How does he become President of the United States?
• (16) How did he forever change the American Presidency, and
what were some of his firsts as president?
“That Damned Cowboy”
- Sept. 6, 1901,
President William
McKinley is shot
- Sept. 13, While on
a camping trip,
Theodore Roosevelt
has been told he’s
now president.
Theodore Roosevelt: the
• The “Bully
Pulpit”
** Video – Early years of
TR’s presidency (questions)
• Trust-buster
– Northern Securities
holding company
• 1902 Coal Strike &
arbitration
“accidental President”
Republican (1901-1909)
Check on Learning
(17) What did reformers argue regarding laissezfaire economics?
Presidential Election of 1912
** Roosevelt & Taft
split the Republican
vote, allowing
Wilson to win.
** Socialist
candidate, Eugene
Debs, receives
almost one million
votes.
Woodrow Wilson
William Howard Taft
Theodore Roosevelt
Eugene Debs
Check on Learning
(18) What did the growth of industry lead to in the
United States?
Check on Learning
(19) To what specific legislation is cartoon below
referring?
• Regulating Food and Drugs
Why the reform?
- Selections from The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
– “They use everything about the hog except the
squeal.”
– “These rats were nuisances, and the packers would
put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and
then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers
together.”
– “[The] old sausage that had been rejected, and that
was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax
and glycerine, and dumped, and made over again for
home consumption.”
Theodore Roosevelt: the
“accidental President”
Republican (1901-1909)
• Meat Inspection Act (1906)
– Federal Inspection of Meat-packing plants
& standards of cleanliness
• Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Socialism?
– Prohibited sale of impure drugs
• Hepburn Act (1906)
– Strengthens the I.C.C.
** Eliminated bribery used by railroads
Check on Learning
• (20) The picture below is referring to what
exactly about the Progressive Era?
Check on Learning
(21) Which of the following amendments led to the
prohibition of alcohol, prohibiting its sale and
transportation across the nation?
– A. 16th (1913)
– B. 18th (1919)
– C. 19th (1920)
Prohibition, 18th Amendment
** (1) What were some of the developments that led up to
Prohibition?
** (2) What were some of the “Unexpected Events”
associated with Prohibition, which lasted from 1919 to
1933?
** Women supported this so as
to reduce domestic violence and
drunkenness
** Should be seen as part of the
Progressive spirit to order
society.
“Education has become to them
a mere secondary auxiliary in
shaping our lightning course
towards perfection. Mankind, if
we are to believe them, can be
made honest, and righteous,
and sober, and moral, and what
not, by a mere stroke of the
legislative pen.”
-- Percy Andreae
Check on Learning
(22) What were the reforms during this era in child
labor and worker’s compensation legislation?
Reform at the City / State Level
Socialism?
• Child Labor – By 1929, every state banned children under 14
from working
• Workers’ Compensation – Starting in 1911, 10 states
passed laws requiring businesses to provide workers’ comp.
• Zoning Laws – divided cities into
commercial & residential sections
• Building Codes – safer standards
Check on Learning
(23) What is socialism, and are any of these
Progressive Era Reforms socialism?
Socialism vs. Progressivism
• Socialism is an economic system characterized by
government ownership or social ownership of land, goods,
resources and programs meant to “encourage” success by
many Americans.
– Redistribute wealth
– Abolish capitalism or remove certain sectors of the economy away
from the capitalist system
– Goal: Public management of production resources
• Progressivism in the U.S. is a political reform movement,
generally considered to be middle class and reformist in
nature.
–
–
–
–
“Regulate” business
Support capitalism
Programs that help the working class
Goal: raise the standard of living of the average member of society
“Progressive Era Reforms”
Are these
reforms
socialism?
Socialism vs.
Progressivism
• Regulation regarding child labor, workers’
compensation, limiting hours, zoning and
building codes
• 18th Amendment – Alcohol prohibition
• Hepburn Act (1906)
• Meat Inspection Act (1906)
• Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
• Environmental Conservation
– National Forest Service
– Antiquities Act (National Monuments)
•
•
•
•
16th Amendment – income tax
Federal Reserve Act
Clayton Antitrust Act
19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage