Harvard Library Portal
Information Architecture - DRAFT
May 16, 2012
Table of Contents
Introduction
3
- Purpose of this Document
4
Information Architecture Introduction
5
- Purpose of the Information Architecture
6
- Portal context diagram
7
Information Architecture Methodology
8
- Review of Library Websites
9
- Lessons Learned
13
- Card Sorting Analysis
14
- User Personas
16
Information Architecture Model
17
- Design Approach
18
- Information Architecture Summary
19
- Information Architecture Detail
20
- Information Architecture Mapping
21
- Next Steps
27
-2-
Introduction
-3-
Purpose of this Document
The purpose of this document is to describe the methodology, findings and outcome of the Information
Architecture component of the User Experience work stream.
The methodology followed to design the Information Architecture is based on industry best practice and
Deloitte’s experience in developing similar work deliverables for other organizations.
The Information Architecture Model contained in this document will continue to be iteratively refined as
additional feedback is obtained throughout the second phase of the Harvard University Library Portal
Project. The Information Architecture will continue to be a living document and design work product that
will require continuous review and enhancement as the portal evolves over time.
-4-
Information Architecture
Introduction
-5-
Purpose of the Information Architecture
An Information Architecture provides the structure for organizing or categorizing content on a web property or website.
The Information Architecture is used to develop the navigational components of the website (home page, landing pages and
sub-pages). It is used to tag content assets that are surfaced on the website and this tagging or classification of content
assets is leveraged by search engines to enable end user search and retrieval activities.
Good Information Architecture design follows several basic principles:

User centricity – the terminology and categories created are designed to fit the end user’s perspective (as opposed the
organization’s view and/or corporate structure)

Mutual exclusivity – the categories are mutually exclusive, as far as possible, to reduce the chance of misinterpretation

Simplicity – a minimal number of primary categories is preferred so as to ease end user comprehension
The Information Architecture should anticipate the most common end user activities so that the website is intuitive. The Portal
Context Diagram that follows illustrates some of these end user activities and how the portal itself integrates with and is
supported by other library websites, systems and search tools.
-6-
Portal Context Diagram
What is a Portal?
In the web world, a portal is a website that gives users easy access to a vast array of resources and information, that
usually resides in disparate systems. Good portals also give a user a unified User Experience and brand across these
multiple resources
-7-
Information Architecture
Methodology
-8-
Methodology
In developing the Information Architecture, several key activities were undertaken and are documented in the following
slides:

Review of Library Websites

Card Sorting

User Persona Development
In addition, the Functional Requirements provided by Harvard also informed the development of the Information
Architecture.
Library stakeholders were engaged throughout these design activities. Working artifacts, such as Personas, and the
Information Architecture Model were reviewed by the Working Group. During the next phase of the project, Wireframe
Review sessions and Usability Testing will validate the Information Architecture and provide an opportunity for final
enhancement prior to the summer 2012 portal launch.
Feedback was solicited from the Library Working Group and incorporated into a
revised Information Architecture Baseline
-9-
Review of Select Library Websites
Parallel to the user interviews, the project team reviewed select leading higher education and non-academic library
websites, analyzing their Information Architecture and navigational design elements. This research was used to inform
the card sorting exercises as well as the Information Architecture and Wireframes for the new portal.
Higher Education Libraries
Non-Academic Libraries
New York Public Library
Cornell University Library
MIT Libraries
UCLA
Library
Syracuse University Library
Library of Congress
Arlington Public Library
Hesburgh Library (U. of Notre
Dame)
Yale University Library
British Library
University of Texas Library
Princeton University Library
JFK Presidential Library and Museum
Stanford University Libraries
NCSU Libraries
National Library of Australia
California Polytechnic State
University Library
University of British Columbia
Library
- 10 -
The European Library
Review of Select Library Websites continued
The review of selected library websites revealed several common design features and navigational elements. The table below
lists the most common features across the various sites along with the percentage of sites using that feature. This data
informed the card sorting exercises and the design of the Information Architecture.
Feature
Description
%
Single Search Box
Single search box for library resources that often has tab listing of library media types
(e.g. Books, Articles, Journals, Web Content, etc.)
90%
Global Navigation
A global navigation menu bar that persists throughout the site
80%
Bread Crumb Navigation
This feature helps users keep track of their location on all site pages
75%
Help (global navigation category)
Help content including ask a librarian, and FAQs are offered to the library stakeholders
as a category on the global navigation menu bar
70%
About the Libraries (global navigation
category)
Information about library organization as a category on the global navigation menu bar
70%
Libraries and Collections (global navigation
category)
Information about the different libraries and collections as a category on the global
navigation menu bar
60%
Library Services (global navigation category)
Library services that are offered to the library stakeholders as a category on the global
navigation menu bar
55%
Research (global navigation category)
Access to research resources and support as a category on the global navigation
menu bar
30%
Search
Access to searching library resources as a category on the global navigation menu bar
30%
News, Events (global navigation category)
Access to library news and events as a category on the global navigation menu bar
30%
Hours and Maps (global navigation category)
"Hours and Maps" or "Hours" as a category on the global navigation menu bar
25%
My Account (global navigation category)
Access to library stakeholders’ individual library accounts as a category on the global
navigation menu bar
20%
- 11 -
Review of Select Library Websites continued
The review of selected library websites revealed a range of design approaches from text heavy and feature rich to simple and
feature lacking. In the middle we found sites that were image-heavy above the fold and text heavy below the fold.
Text Heavy, Feature Rich
Simple, Feature Lacking
Image/Text Balance
The recommended approach for Harvard is to balance visual simplicity with rich functionality. The
final layout will be influenced by feedback gathered from multiple reviews with Harvard users
- 12 -
Review of Select Library Websites – Lessons Learned
Some of the key findings as a result of the library websites review were:
 A single search box for searching all library resources was very common (90% of sites). This was generally segmented by
media type (e.g. book, article, journal) and would display results within the selected media type in a new window
 These disparate search results pages were often re-branded with the parent site’s look and feel
 A persistent global navigation and bread-crumb navigation were both common (80% and 75% of sites respectively) – this
is also an industry best practice
 “Help’”, “About the Libraries”, “ Libraries and Collections”, and “Library Services” were the most common global navigation
categories (70%, 70%, 60%, 55% respectively). The category names varied slightly across the reviewed sites
 Search and Research were often used interchangeably as a global navigation category. Collectively they were used as a
global navigation category across 60% of the reviewed sites
 Prominent location of Search and Discovery widgets segmented by clear, distinct media types
 A trend towards dynamic featured content – a trend we also see in commercial websites
 Non-academic libraries focus on engaging websites that follow graphical industry trends
 Room for improvement in reaching audience through social media – this is a current web trend where library websites are
lagging
 Successful content rich home pages have widgets that allow users to change the content type displayed on the page
These lessons learned helped inform the card sorting and wireframe design activities
- 13 -
Card Sorting Analysis
Based on the review of higher education and non-academic library websites, a collection of categories and content items
were identified to be used in the card sorting activities
Purpose of Card Sorting Exercises
•
There can be any number of ways to organize content items into logical categories to facilitate more intuitive content
navigation and discovery.
•
Card sorting exercises allow the present or future users of a system define key categories and place content items into
those categories. Patterns emerge which help understand how these users view the content.
Card Sorting Approach
Two types of card sorting activities were performed online with Harvard students, faculty, library staff, and other staff.
1. Open Sort – In the first round of card sorting, participants were given a list of content items based on the content currently
housed within the existing Harvard Library Portal and additional content areas documented in the requirements and user
requests. Participants then organized these content items in a logical way and named the resulting categories.
2. Closed Sort – Leveraging the results of the open card sort and the review of selected library websites, categories were
defined and content items were condensed and renamed. Participants then organized the content items into the predefined categories.
- 14 -
Card Sorting Analysis continued
Open Card Sort Results
•
The large number of content items (62) was overwhelming
•
The existing terminology on the site was confusing to users and
required explanation
•
There was a lack of consistent categories defined by the
participants
•
Several requests to place one content item in multiple categories
due to their importance to the research process
Closed Card Sort Results
• Category results were much more consistent across participants
• Research category was too broad and contained too many items,
split category into two smaller, more focused categories
The key categories identified as a result of this exercise were:
1. Search
2. Research Support & Tools
3. Libraries & Collections
4. About the Library
5. Help
- 15 -
User Personas
User personas were developed help to paint a clear picture of typical target user groups and describe how/why they will
be using the Library Portal. Personas also help in determining key user goals, tasks, and they help inform the IA. Five key
Library portal personas were defined based on user feedback
Persona
Description
Experienced Researcher
This persona understands how to leverage the Library Portal for research and expects the
Library Portal to provide targeted knowledge acquisition. This persona has a defined/refined
research process, and expects quick and easy access to research information and library
services.
Novice Researcher
This persona is new to research, and requires quick ramp-up and awareness of resource
alternatives. Their research process is an ongoing balance of discovery, and learning the tools
and resources available at Harvard.
Educator
This persona is aware of how to find library resources, and consequently communicates and
provides support to others. He/she plans, collaborates and understands how to procure needed
resources. This persona is generally a secondary or supporting role to research, or
characterized by working with others to develop educational /learning information, tutorials, and
research guides for end users.
Explorer
This persona is oriented towards the discovery of new content, and generally uses the Library
Portal to browse for information. The persona tends to be less familiar with library resources and
spends majority of time in discovery mode.
Information Seeker
This persona has a particular research interest that he/she would like to leverage the Library
Portal for. He/she often seeks specific information about the library, library services, hours,
locations, access and resource availability.
* Faculty members, undergraduate students, graduate students, library staff and external researchers can be described
by one or more persona and may approach using the Library Portal from different personal perspectives depending
upon the task at hand
- 16 -
Information Architecture Model
- 17 -
Information Architecture Structure
The Information Architecture Model follows on the next several pages. The first view of the Model is a high level
summary of the Information Architecture consisting of 5 categories and their associated pages. A detailed view of the
Information Architecture follows depicting the types of users that will access the site, the personas that those users
assume when using the site, categories, pages, sub pages, secondary content, and external sources, all defined below.
Users
Various end-users of the site that are embodied by an individual person
Personas
The personality or mindset that a person may have, and embody in their interactions with
the site. Users may function as multiple personas in a given session or across their
interactions
Category
Key content or topic areas that users might be seeking. Generally Action or Process
oriented
Goals
Uses or questions that users are looking to solve as part of the Action or Process
Page
Main categorization of content
Internal Sub Page
Key components of the core content area (internal to the portal)
Internal Sub Page
Key components of the core content area (external to the portal)
Secondary Content
External
Other Actions or information people tend to associate with this particular Action (secondary
relationships found within card sorting and user research)
Other sources outside of the portal that are supportive or related to the Action
- 18 -
Harvard Library Information Architecture - Summary
Category
Search
Research Support
and Tools
Libraries and
Collections
About the Library
Help
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
General Information
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology
Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library
Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
Contribute your Research
Depository
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
Programs and Initiatives
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Internal Sub Page
External Sub Page
Borrow Direct
- 19 -
Support for Users with
Disabilities
Access and Technology
Questions
Harvard Library Information Architecture - Detail
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 20 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample Persona to Information Architecture Mapping –
Experienced Researcher
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
Support for Users with Disabilities
Access and Technology
Questions
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 21 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample Persona to Information Architecture Mapping –
Novice Researcher
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Searchh
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 22 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample Persona to Information Architecture Mapping Educator
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 23 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample Persona to Information Architecture Mapping Explorer
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 24 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample Persona to Information Architecture Mapping –
Information Seeker
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 25 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Sample User to Information Architecture Mapping –
Faculty Member
Users
Researcher
Faculty
Students
Educator
Visitors
Personas
Experienced Researcher
Category
Search
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Goals
How do I organize myself
How do I find content
Is the content relevant
Where do I begin
What do I do next
What resources are available
What else should I view
When should I reach out
Is there an easier way
I’m stuck, what now
How do I learn more about…
Who can help me
I can’t find it
Who do I contact
Where do I go
What are my alternatives
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can “I” get it
How do I locate it
How do I acquire it
Who do I talk to
Where do I go
What amenities are available
When is it available
How do I get there
What else is available
Are there other approaches
I’m looking for an idea
What is new or changing
Can Harvard help me
What don’t I know about
Page
Catalogs and Databases
Research Tools
Find a Library
Mission
Internal Sub Page
HOLLIS
Harvard Refworks
73 Library Profile Pages
Staff Resources
FAQ
HOLLIS Classic
Endnote
Archives & Collections
Staff Directory
Support for Users with Disabilities
E-Resources
Harvard LibX
Archive Profile Pages
Staff Profile Pages
Access and Technology Questions
Primo Central
Citation Linker
Collection Profile Pages
Library Operations
For Visitors
DASH
Research Support
Digital Collections
Library Technology Services
For Donors
E-Journals
Ask a Librarian
Harvard Library Resources
Technical Services
Report a Problem
Geospatial Library
Research FAQs
Technology and Devices
Access Services
Tell Us
Google Book Search
Research Guides
Space
Preservation Services
Contribute your Research
External Sub Page
Novice Researcher
Staff and Librarians
Explorer
About the Library
How do I know
What is happening
Why is this happening
What happened
What will happen
How will this affect me
When will it happen
How can I support
Can I share my work
Can I volunteer
How do I donate
Google Scholar
How to Cite Sources
IQSS Dataverse
Help Finding Materials
OASIS
Library Services
Library Transition
VIA
Get It Services
Library Innovation
WAX
Scan and Deliver
Library Digital Initiative
Search Beyond Harvard
Interlibrary Loan
Calendar, News, Events
Information Seeker
Help
I need help finding info
What are the policies for…
Who can help me
Where do I go
I’m having technical difficulties
Should I talk to a Librarian
How do I connect with…
Can I get it
General Information
Depository
Programs and Initiatives
Borrow Direct
Secondary Content
External
Research Support and Tools
Search
Search
Libraries and Collections
Research Support and Tools
Libraries and Collections
Libraries and Collections
About the Library
Help
Search
Help
Help
Help
Find a Library
About the Library
Databases and
Collections
Individual Library
Pages
Centralized Hours
- 26 and Info database
Harvard.edu
Donation page
Social Media
Sources
Information Architecture Next Steps
The Information Architecture of the Harvard Library Portal will continue to evolve throughout the design and testing
processes. Wireframe Review sessions and Usability Testing will validate the Information Architecture and provide an
opportunity for adjustments prior to the summer 2012 portal launch.
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