Rayna Higuchi, Alexa Hozouri, Audrey Elloitt, Kevin
Ding, Yusuke Tsutsuzaki
Period 1
Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
 Regulates passage in and
out of cells.
 In both plant and animal
cells.




Cell Wall
Rigid structure
Located outside of the
plasma membrane
Only in plant cells
Provides support and
protection
Nucleus and Nucleolus
Nucleus
 Information and
administrative center
Nucleolus
 Organelle in eukaryotic cell
nucleus
 Produces ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum and
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
 Modifies proteins and lipids
 Protein production sites
 Smooth has no ribosomes,
rough has ribosomes
attached
Cytoplasm and Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
 Clear, gelatinous fluid
 Membrane-bound, fluid-
 Suspends the cells organelles
filled space in the cytoplasm
 For temporary storage of
materials
Mitochondria and Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
 Power generator for the cell
 Captures light energy from
the sun and converts it into
chemical energy
 Only in plant cells
Golgi apparatus and Cytoskeleton
Golgi apparatus
Cytoskeleton
 The distribution and
 Cellular framework found
shipping department for the
cells chemical products
within the cytoplasm
 Composed of microtubules
and microfilaments
Lysosome
 Organelle that contains digestive enzymes
 Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles,
and engulfed viruses or bacteria
Viruses
 Basic Structure
 Contains general information
 NOT living
 May have external structures and a membrane
 Diagram
 Examples: Hepatitis B, HIV, Measles, Mumps,
Rabies, Ebola, Influenza
Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic
 Basic Structure
Eukaryotic
 Basic Structure
 Surrounded by a membrane and
 Plasma membrane
cell wall
 Does not have membrane
enclosed organelles(except
ribosomes)
 Cytoplasm
 Examples: Blue-green algae,
bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella)
 Cytoskeleton
 Presence of characteristic
membrane enclosed organelles
 Examples: Plants, animals,
fungi, protists
Plasma Membrane
 Characteristics
 Maintains homeostasis (balance with environment)
 Selective permeability- allows some molecules into the cell while
keeping others out
 Structure
 Phospholipids

Lipids with a phosphate group attached
 Carrier Proteins

Allows larger substances to move through the
plasma membrane
 Cholesterol molecule


Helps stabilize the phospholipids
Prevents fatty acid chains of the
phospholipids from sticking together
1. What is the function of the
vacuole?
a. It produces and
 c. Temporarily stores
modifies proteins
b. Serves as an
information and
administrative center
for the cell
materials for the cell
 d. Captures light energy
from the sun to convert
into chemical energy
2. Nucleolus= organelle in
cells that produces
a. prokaryotic, DNA
b. Prokaryotic, ribosomes
c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes
d. Eukaryotic, DNA
3. What is the definition of a
ribosome?
a. Protein production
 c. Protein and lipid
site
b. Organelle that
contains digestive
enzymes and
digests excess or
worn out organelles,
food particles, and
engulfed viruses/
bacteria
modifier
 d. The distribution
and shipping
department for the
cell’s chemical
products
4. The
, located just inside the
, regulates the passage in and out of
cells
a. The cytoplasm, located just inside the plasma membrane,
regulates the passage in and out of cells
b. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cytoskeleton,
regulates the passage in and out of cells
c. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall,
regulates the passage in and out of cells
d. The cell wall, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates
the passage in and out of cells
5. Which of these is an example of a virus?
a. HIV
b.Ecoli
c. Salmonella
d.Bacteria
6. Which of these is not a
characteristic of a prokaryotic
cell?
a. Has a plasma membrane and a cell wall
b. Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles
c. DNA not contained in a nucleus
d. Has ribosomes
7. What is the plasma membrane
made of?
a. The plasma membrane contains carrier proteins, cholesterol
molecules, and microtubules.
b. The plasma membrane contains flagellum, phospholipids, and carrier
proteins
c. The plasma membrane contains cholesterol molecules, lysotubules,
and phospholipids
d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol molecules,
and carrier proteins
8. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids
(contained within the plasma membrane):
1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached
2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails
3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking
together
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
1
2
3
Both 1 and 2
Both 1 and 3
Both 2 and 3
9. Which of these correctly labels
the diagram of a prokaryotic cell?
a.
1.
2.
b.
4.
3.
c.
d.
1. ribosomes; 2. cell
membrane; 3. cell wall, 4.
endoplasmic reticulum
1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3.
cell membrane; 4. flagella
1. lysosome; 2. cell
membrane; 3. cell wall; 4.
golgi apparatus
1. lysosome; 2. cell wall; 3.
cell membrane; 4. flagella
10. What does a chloroplast do?
 A. power generator for the cell
 B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical
energy
 C. uses energy from the sun to create other organelles
 D. digests other old or worn out organelles to make
energy
Answer to questions 1 and 2:
What is the function of
the vacuole?
c. Temporarily stores
materials for the cell
1.
 2. Nucleolus= organelle
in
cells that
produces
 c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes
Answers to questions 3 and 4:
 3. What is the definition
 4. The
of a ribosome?
 a. Protein production
site
located just inside the
, regulates the
passage in and out of
cells
 c. The plasma
membrane, located just
inside the cell wall,
regulates the passage in
and out of cells
,
Answers to questions 5 and 6:
 5. Which of these is an
 6. Which of these is
example of a virus?
a. HIV
(the rest are all bacteria)
not a characteristic
of a prokaryotic
cell?
 b. Presence of
characteristic
membrane enclosed
organelles
Answer to question 7:
 7. What is the plasma membrane made of?
 d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol
molecules, and carrier proteins
 (PS: for anyone who chose answer c, lysotubules don’t exist)
Answer to question 8:
 7. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids
(contained within the plasma membrane):
1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group
attached
2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar.
hydrophobic tails
3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the
fatty acid chains from sticking together
a. 1
(they have polar, hydrophilic heads and non- polar,
hydrophobic tails. Cholesterol molecules prevent the fatty
acid chains from sticking together and stabilize them)
Answer to question 9:
 9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a
prokaryotic cell?
1.
2.
4.
3.
a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell
wall; 3. cell
membrane; 4. flagella
Answer to question 10:
 10. What does a chloroplast do?
 B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical
energy