Life Science
“Structure and Function in
Organisms
Active Transport
The movement of
molecules or ions
against a concentration
Click that
hereis, to
gradient,
from
anreveal
area of the
lower
concentration
to higher
definition!
concentration, and
therefore requiring
energy.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
The molecule that
carries the energy
produced by
Click here
respiration
in its to
third,
high-energy
revealphosphate
the
bond;
used by cells to
definition!
provide energy
necessary for chemical
reactions.
Autotroph
An organism that
produces its own food,
including
photosynthetic
Click
here to
organism such as green
reveal
the
plants and
definition!and
phytoplankton
chemosynthetic
organisms such as
sulfur bacteria.
Capsule
The outermost protective layer found on some
Click here to
reveal cells.
the definition!
prokaryotic
Cell Wall
A structure in plant
cells that surrounds the
cell membrane,
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to
important
for external
cell reveal
structure the
and the
protection
of the cell’s
definition!
contents; also present
in algae and certain
bacteria.
Cellular Respiration
The process in which carbon-rich sugar molecules react with
oxygen
maketo
energy
for athe
cell’sdefinition!
use; occurs in
Click tohere
reveal
heterotrophs and autotrophs.
Centriole
A cell structure that helps separate the contents of the nucleus
Click hereduring
to reveal
the definition!
cell divisions.
Chloroplast
TheClick
structure
in plants
here
to
that contains
reveal the
chlorophyll and is the
definition!
site of
photosynthesis.
Concentration Gradient
The varying levels of concentration of a substance on
Click
toa reveal
theor definition!
eitherhere
side of
membrane
in an area.
Cytoplasm
A jellylike material that
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to
surrounds
the nucleus
of a reveal
cell and contains
the
most
of the cell’s
definition!
organelles.
Cytoskeleton
The support
Click here
tothe
framework
inside
cell
made the
up of
reveal
microfilaments
definition!and
microtubules.
Diffusion
The general process by which all materials transfer passively
Click here intoand
reveal
out of the
cells.definition!
Eukaryote
A cell that has membrane-bound organelles and generic
Clickmaterial
here contained
to revealinside
theadefinition!
nucleus.
Flagella
The whiplike structures on some prokaryotic cells that help
Click herethe
toorganism
reveal move.
the definition!
Glucose
A six-carbon
sugar
Click here
tothat
is the usual form in
reveal the
which organisms
definition!
process
carbohydrates.
Golgi Apparatus
An organelle that stores, modifies, packages, and ships
Click here
toand
reveal
definition!
enzymes
otherthe
molecules.
Heterotroph
An organism requiring complex organic compounds of
nitrogen
and carbon
for reveal
metabolic
synthesis;
it must get its
Click
here to
the
definition!
energy from plants or animals.
Homeostasis
Detection
Click
hereandto
maintenance of a
reveal the
body’s internal
definition!
environment.
Instinct
here
to
AClick
complex
animal
behavior
triggered
reveal
the by
external
stimuli.
definition!
Lysosome
A membrane-bound organelle that digests sugars and
Click here to reveal
wastes. the definition!
Mitochondrion
A Click
membrane-bound
here to
organelle that is the
reveal the
site of aerobic
definition!
respiration.
Nucleoid
The bundle of fibers of DNA found within a prokaryotic
Click here to reveal
cell. the definition!
Nucleus
The control center of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell’s
Click here to reveal
DNA. the definition!
Organ
A group of tissues that works together to complete a
Click here tospecific
reveal
the definition!
task.
Organ System
A group
organs
Clickofhere
tothat
works together to
reveal the
complete a specific
definition!
task.
Organelle
A compartmentalized
Click inhere
to
structure
eukaryotic
cellsreveal
that performs
the a
specific
function for the
definition!
cell.
Osmosis
The passive transport of water molecules through a
Click here to membrane.
reveal the definition!
Passive Transport
The movement of molecules from higher concentration to
Click
here to reveal
definition!
lower concentration;
does the
not require
energy.
Peroxisome
A membrane-bound organelle containing enzymes that
Clickdown
here
to reveal
the
break
peroxides,
which
candefinition!
damage cells.
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants make high energy
carbohydrates
in theirto
chloroplasts
fromdefinition!
sunlight, water, and
Click here
reveal the
carbon dioxide.
Pili
Hollow, hairlike structures used by bacteria to attach to
Click here to other
reveal
the definition!
cells.
Plasma Membrane
A combination of lipids and proteins that separates the cell
from
its environment
and helpsthe
regulate
the traffic of
Click
here to reveal
definition!
molecules between the inside and the outside of the cell.
Prokaryote
A cell that does not have a nucleus in which its hereditary
Click
herea single-celled
to reveal organism
the definition!
material
in stored;
such as bacteria.
Protein Channel
A membrane
passageway
that opens
Click here
to
and closes to allow
reveal the
necessary molecules to
movedefinition!
in and out of the
cell.
Ribosome
AnClick
organelle,
made
here
to of
RNA and proteins, that
reveal the
is involved in protein
definition!
synthesis.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
(RER)
A series of
membranous
sacsto
that
Click here
are covered with
reveal the
ribosomes and are an
definition!
important
producer of
proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
(SER)
A series of
membranous
Click heretubules
to
that assist in the
reveal the
synthesis of lipids and
definition!
other
molecules
needed by the cell.
Stimulus
A change in the internal or external environment,
Clickbyhere
to reveal
thewithin
definition!
detectable
an organism
or a cell
an organism.
Tissue
A Click
group of
cells to
that
here
works together to
reveal the
perform a task that
definition!
requires
many cells.
Vacuole
A membrane-bound
organelle in a cell that
serves
as a here
storagetoarea
Click
for materials such as
reveal the
water, food, and waste
definition!
products;
helps to
maintain cell rigidity in
plants.
Virus
A particle consisting of
DNA
Clickencased
here intoa
protein coat that must
reveal the
inject its DNA into a
definition!
living
cell in order to
reproduce.