October 18, 2013
Copy the
correct
diagram.
Vocabulary Assignment
Directions:
1. Complete the following slide (handout) with your table partner on
terms you know or don’t know
2. Make sure you know (very well) all of the terms that have
PowerPoint slides
3. Use I-pads and Google to help you find definitions for terms you
don’t know
Then, visit these sites for vocabulary challenges:
• http://education.jlab.org/vocabhangman/
• http://www.neok12.com/vocabulary-games.htm
• http://www.eduplace.com/parents/hmsc/content/vocabgames/
• http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/index6.html
• https://sites.google.com/a/csisd.org/mrs-mullen-s-5th-gradescience/study-vocabulary
• https://sites.google.com/a/stanlycountyschools.org/tommythomps
on/science/vocabulary
Of the 140 Vocabulary Terms……
Terms I Know Well…..
Terms I Am Not Sure Of…..
8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms
(140 terms for Frayer Model)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
absorb
acquired traits
adaptations
atmosphere
atoms
balance of nature
balance scale
benefit
cell wall
cells
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
characteristics
chemical change
chemical weathering
chlorophyll
chromosome
climax community
closed circuit
cold blooded
cold front
community
competition
compound
conclusion
condensation
conductor
consumer
control
cytoplasm
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
data (datum)
decomposer
density
digestive system
direct rays
dominant traits
echo
echolocation
ecosystem
egg cell (ovary)
electromagnet
element
elevation
embryo
erosion
evaporation
evidence
evolution
extinct
fertilization
flower
food chain
food web
force
fossil
fulcrum
galaxy
gas
gene
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
germinate
gravity
heredity
humidity
hypothesis
igneous rock
inclined plane
incomplete circuit
inference
inherited traits
investigation
landfill
lava
lever
liquids
lunar phases
magma
mass
mechanical weathering
metamorphic rocks
meter
microscope
mineral
mixture
molecules
non-conductor
(insulator)
non-native species
(exotic)
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
observation
opaque
organ
ozone
parasite
photosynthesis
physical change
pioneer species
pollen
pollutant
population
precipitation
predation
procedure
producer
pulley
purpose
reaction force
recessive trait
reflect
refract
revolve
rock cycle
rotate
runoff
sedimentary rock
simple machine
single-celled organism
solar eclipse
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
solid
sonar
sound waves
speed
sublimation
succession
surface mining
symbiosis
temperature
thermal contraction
thermal expansion
thermometer
translucent
transparent
unbalanced forces
urban development
vacuum
vertebrate
volume
warm blooded
warm front
water cycle
weather
weight
wetland
wheel and axle
zygote
extinct
Definition
• Species of organism that no
longer has any living individuals
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Organisms disappear because of
changes to the Earth’s
environment
• Mass extinctions can happen as a
result of large scale changes
• Human changes to the
environment have caused many
extinctions
• EX: dinosaurs, passenger pigeons,
mammoth
• NONEX: endangered species are
reduced in number and may go
extinct but are not yet extinct
fertilization
Definition
• Joining together of 2 cells to
form a new cell called a
zygote
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Sexual reproduction
• Requires male and female
cells
• Eggs must be fertilized in
order to grow into a new a
organism
• EX: seed, embryo
• NONEX: unfertilized chicken
egg will not divide and form
a new organism
flower
Definition
• Reproductive organs
flowering plants
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Pollen needed from male
stamen
• Egg cell needed from female
pistil
• Pollination required for seeds
to develop
• EX: apple blossom must be
fertilized in order to develop in
apple with seeds
• NONEX: if wind or bee
(or Gregor Mendel with paint brush)
do not transfer pollen
galaxy
Definition
• Huge system of stars and
dust particles
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Our galaxy is called the Milky
Way (why? – color appears
white in the sky)
• Galaxies can be spiral, bar
shaped, elliptical or irregular in
shape
• Milky Way is a spiral shaped
galaxy shaped like a pinwheel
• EX: Milky Way, Andromeda,
Magellanic Clouds
• NONEX: solar systems are only
a single star system
Lunar Phases
Definition
• Daily/ monthly changes in
the Moon’s appearance
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Occur because of the one
month revolution period of
the Moon’s orbit around the
Earth
• Moon’s rotation (spin) and
revolution (orbit) take the
same amount of time so we
never see the far side of the
Moon from Earth
• EX: 5 main phases
• NONEX: Lunar eclipse is
caused by the Earth’s shadow
Mechanical Weathering
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Physical action that breaks rocks
apart without causing chemical
changes to the rock
• Caused by wind, water, frost,
animals and plants
• Main cause is frost action as
water freezes and expands in
cracks in the rock causing it to
break apart
• EX: potholes in the road in
winter and spring time
• NONEX: chemical weathering
from oxidation, acid rain or
water carrying away minerals
that can dissolve
Memory Pictograph
absorb
Definition
• To collect, or take in
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Dark colors absorb heat
• Light is absorbed or
reflected
• Leaves absorb sunlight in
order to make food
(photosynthesize)
• Sound waves are absorbed
or reflected (echo)
• Cells absorb nutrients from
their environment
acquired traits
Definition
• Characteristic that an
organisms develops because
of its environment
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• traits NOT from parent, but
from environment
• Help organism survive
better
• Trait develops because of
environmental conditions
• Ex: culture, language, larger
muscles, acquired skill such
as riding a bike
• Nonex: hair color, freckles,
gender ----- inherited traits
adaptations
Definition
• Traits that help plants and
animals survive better
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Body parts of behaviors that
help an organisms to survive
• more adaptations
better
chances for survival (Darwin)
• EX: Galapagos Islands finches
with beaks adapted to what
they feed on/ camouflage/
speed/ special coloration
• NONEX: traits that make
survival less likely
atmosphere
Definition
• blanket of gases that
surround the Earth
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• 78% nitrogen
• 21% oxygen
• Mixture of nitrogen, oxygen
and other gases in much
smaller amounts
• Reduces in pressure as you go
up in elevation
• Several layers that have
different properties
• NONEX: hydrosphere,
lithosphere, biosphere
atoms
Definition
• Smallest form of matter
Memory Pictograph
Carbon Atom – Atomic # 6
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Atoms bond together to form
molecules
• Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma
– made of atoms
• Atoms contain particles:
– Protons (+)
– neutrons(no charge)
– electrons(-)
• Invisible and mostly empty space
EX: Hydrogen atoms and all elements
of the Periodic Table
NONEX: Molecules are MADE OF
atoms bonded together
balance of nature
Definition
• Balance and variety of
species in a community
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Helps prevent overpopulation
• Birth rate and death rate are
similar
• Waste of one species is food
source for another species
• EX: bacteria are decomposers/
roaches are scavengers
• NONEX: Lake Erie dead zones
from too much algae growth
kills fish in sudden die off
event
balance scale
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Instrument used to measure
mass (amount of matter)of an
object
• Measuring tool
• Works like a lever
• Compares unknown mass to
known mass
• Measures in metric:
grams (g) or kilograms (kg)
• Heavy mass goes down/ light
mass goes up
• EX: triple beam balance
• NONEX: human weight scale –
measures mass and pull of
gravity on you which depends
on whether you are on Earth,
moon, or another planet
Memory Pictograph
benefit
Definition
• Something that provides and
advantage to an organism
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Anything that helps a
species survive
• Benefits come with risks
EX: pesticides can benefit
humans by reducing
mosquito populations BUT
organisms that feed off
mosquitoes (bats, birds,
fish, frogs) will be harmed
NONEX: no long term benefit
to using up all the
resources
cells
Definition
• Basic unit of all living things
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Animal cells usually round
• Plant cells usually more
squared off
• Human body made up of
trillions of cells
• All cells come from other living
cells
• EX: prokaryote (no nucleus)
and eukaryote (has nucleus)
cells
• NONEX: atoms and molecules
are matter that help to make
up cells but cells are alive and
matter is not
cell wall
Definition
• Outer boundary of a plant,
fungi, and bacteria cells
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Hard rigid boundary that
provides support and
protection
• Explains why plants do not
move about well
• Can bend, but will not move
• EX: made of cellulose and
makes wood hard and
durable
• NONEX: animal cells do NOT
have cell walls
characteristics
Definition
• Collection of traits that form
the way an organism looks
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• We inherit our traits from
our parents
• So do other organisms
• 50% from each parent
organism
• EX: hair color, body shape,
skin color
• NONEX: acquired traits such
as playing a musical
instrument
chemical change
Definition
•
Change in a substance that
produces a new type of substance
with new chemical properites
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Happens because of chemical
reactions
• Chemical bonds are broken
and/ or new bonds are formed
• Cannot be reversed – new
substances formed
• EX: fire, rust, baking soda &
vinegar
• NONEX: physical change such
as change in size by cutting
paper or wood
chemical weathering
Definition
• Process by which rocks are
broken down by chemical
changes
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Man-made or natural
• Dissolves rocks
• Acids do most of the
weathering and erode the
surface of the rocks
• EX: acid rain
• NONEX: rocks eroded by
wind or frost action which
are both mechanical
weathering
chlorophyll
Definition
• Chemical that is used by
plants during photosynthesis
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Gives plants their green
color
• In chloroplasts of plant cells
• Allows plants to produce
their own food
• EX: all plants
• NONEX: animals do not
produce their own food
chromosome
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• made of strands of DNA, or
deoxyribonucleic acid, is the
hereditary material in humans
and almost all other organisms
• Humans have 46
chromosomes
• 23 chromosomes from each
parent
• “blueprint” of how to build (or
repair) a particular organism
• EX: eukaryotes have
chromosomes in the nucleus
of the cell
• NONEX: prokaryotes have DNA
but not inside of a nucleus
(prokaryotes do not have a
nucleus)
Memory Pictograph
climax community
Definition
• Last step of a natural
process called succession
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Takes a long time
• Lake dries up, becomes a
wetland, then a meadow, then
shrubs, then trees then forest
• Can stay as a forest for many
years
• EX: U of M Dearborn hiking
area is a beech-maple climax
community
• NONEX: people cut down all
the trees and change natural
pattern
closed circuit
Definition
• Electrical circuit in which
electricity can flow freely
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Wires are fully connected
into a path for electrons to
flow freely
• Light bulbs can light up
• Battery is source of electron
flow
• EX: flashlight switched on
• NONEX: open switch,
broken wire, or burned out
light bulb
cold blooded
Definition
• Animal whose body
temperature changes with the
environmental temperature
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Body temperature is not
constant
• Body temperature changes
with temperature of its
environment
• Warm and cold extremes
can kill the animal
• EX: reptiles, amphibians,
fish, invertebrates
• NONEX: mammals, birds
cold front
Definition
• Occurs when cold air mass
moves warm air mass upward
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Brings cold and unstable
weather
• Can be fast or slow
• Can form dangerous clouds
quickly and lead to severe
weather
• EX: cumulonimbus clouds
(tallest and possible
tornado producers)
• NONEX: warm front – rain
likely and less severe
community
Definition
• Group of different
populations living in the same
place
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Groups of organisms affect
each other in the
community
• Creates a unique area
• EX: forest community, pond
community, meadow
community, coral reef
community
• NONEX: population refers to
just one species in a
community
competition
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Interaction between 2 organisms
over basic resources such as
food, water, shelter, mates
• The more adaptations an
organisms has to its
environment, the less it needs
to compete
• Some animals change their
habits to have less
competition
• EX: invasive species
outcompeting native species,
deer feeding at different times
or on different plants
• NONEX: mutualism
Memory Pictograph
compound
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Pure substance made up of 2
or more different elements
that are bonded together
• Have chemical and physical
properties not like the original
elements
• Always has a chemical formula
• EX: salt (NaCl), water (H2O),
carbon dioxide (CO2)
• NONEX: elements are made of
just one type of atom,
mixtures are made of different
materials next to each other
BUT NOT BONDED TOGETHER
Memory Pictograph
conclusion
Definition
• Explains whether the hypothesis
of an experiment was supported
by the results of the experiment
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Summary that re-checks the
hypothesis
• Part of the scientific method
• Examines the data and
results of an experiment
• EX: see memory pictograph
• NONEX: hypothesis has to
be tested/ conclusion states
whether hypothesis is
supported by the results of
the experiment
condensation
Definition
• Physical change in matter
from a gas to a liquid state
Memory Pictographs
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Caused by cooling of the
temperature of the gas
• Second step in the water
cycle
• Physical change
• EX: cold glass on a hot
humid day forms
condensation, fog, clouds,
dew
• NONEX: evaporation is the
opposite of condensation
conductor
Definition
• Material that allows heat and
electricity to pass through
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Molecules either vibrate
(heat) or pass along
electrons (electricity)
• Metals are the best
conductors
• Nonmetals are usually
insulators, not conductors
• EX: copper, aluminum, iron,
steel
• NONEX: rubber, plastic,
wood
consumer
Definition
• Organism that cannot make its
own food and must get food by
consuming other organisms
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Needs to obtain energy by
eating other organisms
• Can eat producers (plants)
or other consumers
• EX: humans, herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores
• NONEX: producers make
their own food through
photosysthesis
control
Definition
•
Part of an experiment that is kept
the same so it can be used as a
comparison to the other data
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Helps check results of
experiment
• Makes experiments more
accurate
• EX: experiment comparing
fertilizers, one trial has NO
fertilizer
• NONEX: constants in an
experiment keep all
conditions similar, control
leaves out the manipulated
variable (independent variable)
cytoplasm
Definition
• Thick fluid contained in the
cell membrane of all cells
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Helps hold or contain the
insides of a cell
• Cell jelly/ gel
• Allows materials to move
about inside cell
• Mostly water
• EX: found in all types of cells
• NONEX: cell organelles are
supported by cytoplasm
data (datum)
Definition
• Information gathered and
organized during an
experiment
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Graphs and charts
• Shows observations and
evidence
• Good data comes form fair
experiments and good
variables
• EX: Data chart for
experiment in class
• NONEX: conclusions and
analysis occur after
collecting data
decomposer
Definition
• Organism that obtains food
by breaking down dead
organisms
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Uses dead organisms as
nutrients
• Critical for healthy
ecosystem
• Helps rid nature of dead
organisms
• Types of consumer
• EX: bacteria, fungus
• NONEX: scavengers arrive
before too much
decomposition takes place
density
Definition
• Ratio of mass to volume
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Density = mass / volume
• Depends on how
• How tightly packed are the
molecules in a given
amount of space?
• Feathers ----low density
• Gold ---------high density
• Water has a density of 1
• > 1 sink in water
• < 1 float in water
digestive system
Definition
• Organ system that breaks
down food into a form that
the body can absorb/ use
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Uses both physical and
chemical changes in the
process
• Broken down materials
move from the small
intestine into the blood
stream
• Circulatory system moves
food and nutrients through
the blood to the cells
direct rays
Definition
• Sunlight that reaches the
Earth with more intensity
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Strikes at a direct angle and
more energy is hitting the
surface
• Always occurring near the
equator
• Summer has more direct
rays than winter
• EX: tropical rain forests
receive direct rays all year
• NONEX: polar areas never
receive direct rays
dominant traits
Definition
• Inherited traits that show up
more often in a population
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Traits that occur with
greater frequency
• Research of Gregor Mendel
and pea plants
• Geneticists study dominant
and recessive traits
• EX: brown hair, brown eyes,
widow’s peak, etc…
• NONEX: blue eyes, red hair
are recessive traits for the
general population
echo
Definition
• Sound waves bouncing back
from hitting a hard surface
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Sound energy is a
mechanical wave that can
be absorbed or reflected by
the objects it hits
• Used by bats and dolphins
to locate prey or predators
• EX: cave, gym, shower,
empty room
• NONEX: room covered with
carpeting on floors and
walls
echolocation
Definition
• Method of navigation in which
sound waves are bounced off
objects to determine distance
and location
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Used by bats and dolphins
and other animals
• Helps locate prey
• Humans borrowed idea for
radar and sonar
• EX: sonar bounces sound
waves at sea
• NONEX: radar bounces EM
waves not sound waves
ecosystem
Definition
• All the living and nonliving
things in a community
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Make up a special location
where organisms and
resources interact
• Air, water, soil, are nonliving but still important to
ecosystem working properly
• EX: forest ecosystem, pond
ecosystem, estuary
ecosystem
• NONEX: a single population
of one organisms
egg cell (ovary)
•
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
Cell produced by the female
reproductive system – must combine
with sperm cell to become fertilized
• Organisms that reproduce
through sexual reproduction
must begin as an egg cell
• Can grow into seeds or infants
• Must be fertilized in order to
grow
• EX: chicken egg cell – very
large cell
• NONEX: organisms that
reproduce asexually do not
require egg cells to reproduce
Memory Pictograph
electromagnet
Definition
• Powerful magnet produced by
coiling wire around iron and
running electricity through
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Attracts certain metals only
– iron, steel, nickel
• Moving electrons make the
magnet more powerful
• EX: lifts up scrap cars and
even small electromagnets
can lift heavier weights
• NONEX: regular magnets
with no added wires and
electricity
element
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• A pure substance that consists
of only one type of atom with
unique properties
Memory Pictograph
• Found on periodic table
• Cannot be broken down
further
• Atomic number is determined
by number of protons in the
nucleus
• Neutrons are also in the
nucleus
• Electrons move in different
energy shells around the
nucleus
• EX: each of the types of atoms
listed on Periodic Table
• NONEX: compounds, mixtures
elevation
Definition
• Height above sea level
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Can be above or below sea
level
• Topographic maps show
elevation
• EX: Detroit area is about
600 feet above sea level, so
its elevation is 600 feet
• NONEX: latitude or
longitude show location on
the globe, but not elevation
above sea level
embryo
Definition
• Very early stage in the
development of an organism
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• An embryo will develop form a
fertilized egg
• Stages of the embryo are
related to stages of evolution
(looks different at different
stages)
• Will develop into a baby
organism
• EX: human embryo, chicken
embryo
• NONEX: does not occur in
asexual reproduction, requires
egg and sperm cells
erosion
Definition
• Process in which soil and rock
particles are carried away by
wind, moving water or gravity
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Natural force that causes
rocks to lose particles
• Changes the appearance of
rocks
• EX: Sphinx and tombstones
affected by wind and acid
rain
• NONEX: deposition is the
opposite action and
sediments build up in areas
where wind or water oor ice
slow down
evaporation
Definition
• Physical change of state
(phase change) from a liquid
to a gas state
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• 1st step in the water cycle
• Sun’s energy is what causes
molecules of water to move
faster and evaporate
• Other liquids also evaporate
when energy is added (heat)
• EX: water, alcohol, gasoline all
evaporate into the air
• EX: boiling water is rapid
evaporation
• NONEX: condensation is the
opposite of evaporation
evidence
Definition
• Any tested observation or
experimental data that
supports a hypothesis
Memory Pictograph
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Data must support the
hypothesis in order to be
evidence that the hypothesis is
correct
• Allows scientists to know
whether they are on the right
track or need to “go back to
the drawing board”
• EX: gas and bubbles in an
experiment show a chemical
change
• NONEX: guessing with no facts
supporting the guess
evolution
Definition
Facts/Examples/NonExample
• Scientific Theory that explains
changes in organisms over
long periods of time
• Successful adaptations
increase the chances of
surviving and reproducing
• Poor adaptations make it more
difficult for an organisms to
survive and reproduce
• EX: fast running animals
escape predators and survive
• NONEX: giraffes didn’t grow
longer necks in one
generation…but the taller
giraffes survived better and
reproduced offspring like
themselves
Memory Pictograph
8th Grade Science Vocabulary Terms
(140 terms for Frayer Model)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
absorb
acquired traits
adaptations
atmosphere
atoms
balance of nature
balance scale
benefit
cell wall
cells
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
characteristics
chemical change
chemical weathering
chlorophyll
chromosome
climax community
closed circuit
cold blooded
cold front
community
competition
compound
conclusion
condensation
conductor
consumer
control
cytoplasm
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
data (datum)
decomposer
density
digestive system
direct rays
dominant traits
echo
echolocation
ecosystem
egg cell (ovary)
electromagnet
element
elevation
embryo
erosion
evaporation
evidence
evolution
extinct
fertilization
flower
food chain
food web
force
fossil
fulcrum
galaxy
gas
gene
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
germinate
gravity
heredity
humidity
hypothesis
igneous rock
inclined plane
incomplete circuit
inference
inherited traits
investigation
landfill
lava
lever
liquids
lunar phases
magma
mass
mechanical weathering
metamorphic rocks
meter
microscope
mineral
mixture
molecules
non-conductor
(insulator)
non-native species
(exotic)
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
observation
opaque
organ
ozone
parasite
photosynthesis
physical change
pioneer species
pollen
pollutant
population
precipitation
predation
procedure
producer
pulley
purpose
reaction force
recessive trait
reflect
refract
revolve
rock cycle
rotate
runoff
sedimentary rock
simple machine
single-celled organism
solar eclipse
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
solid
sonar
sound waves
speed
sublimation
succession
surface mining
symbiosis
temperature
thermal contraction
thermal expansion
thermometer
translucent
transparent
unbalanced forces
urban development
vacuum
vertebrate
volume
warm blooded
warm front
water cycle
weather
weight
wetland
wheel and axle
zygote