Nathalie Nevo
A Note to the Students
These lessons are not intended to
Introduce you to the English verb
system.
Use them as a review of what
you’ve
already learned.
Are English Verbs “difficult”?
Are you miserable because you make
mistakes with English verbs?
Do you think you will never be able
to learn?
Are you sorry you didn’t listen to
your
teacher?
It’s not really so hard!!!
You CAN speak and write good English
You CAN get good grades on English exams.
You only have to learn a few simple rules.
Are you ready to LEARN and PRACTICE?
LESSON 1
An Overview
We talk a lot in these lessons
about V1, V2, and V3. What in
the
world are V1, V2, and V3?
Does this look familiar?
– eat
– fall
– fly
ate
fell
flew
eaten
fallen
flown
This is the table of irregular verbs that we know
and love!
V1 is the first column (“eat”, ‫(צורת המקור‬,
V2 is the second column (“ate”, past simple form),
V3 is the third column (“eaten”, called—oh well, V3)
Lots of people forget that a verb that ends in “d”
or “ed” doesn’t have to be a verb in the simple
past.
Maybe it’s a regular verb in V3 DISGUISED as a
simple past verb.
love
hate
worry
For example:
loved
loved
hated
hated
worried
worried
5 Verb Formulas
 be + ing (progressive)--He was crying.
 be + V3 (passive)--He was beaten.
Four men were killed.
 have + V3 (perfect)--I have already eaten.
 do + V1 (simple)-- Do you love me?
I don’t hate you.
 modal + V1 (modal)--I can wait.
BE
HAVE
DO
MODALS
is, am, are,
was, were
has, have
had
do, does,
did
shall, will, should,
would, may, might,
must, can, could
1) be + ing
(progressive)
have + V3
(perfect)
do + V1
(simple)
modal + V1
The bus is coming.
We were waiting.
She has finished. Do you love me? You should try.
We have eaten.
I didn’t hear you. I may visit my aunt.
2) be + V3
(passive)
A lot of money is
spent.
People were hurt.
be
is, am, are
was, were
1. be + Ving (progressive)
The bus is coming.
We were waiting.
be
is, am, are
was, were
2. be + V3 (passive)
Our mother was invited.
Many promises were broken.
have
has, have
had
have + V3 (perfect)
You have broken your promise.
Our friendship has survived.
do
do, does
do + V1 (simple)
I don’t enjoy homework.
Do you like school?
did
modals
shall, will, should, would, may,
might, must, can, could, ought
modal + V1 (modal)
Miri can speak four languages.
We must finish.
Would you like some coffee?
This is the end of
Lesson 1
do
do, does
did
do + V1 (simple)
I don’t enjoy homework.
Do you like school?
A special note about DO:
We say that do is the helping verb for
the “simple” tenses, but if they’re
“simple”, then so is making peace with
our neighbors!
Pay attention:
With PRESENT SIMPLE and
PAST SIMPLE ONLY:
present simple and past simple, there are 3 In
kinds of sentences:
– POSITIVE (+) Harry understands
Amharic.
– NEGATIVE (-) Jill doesn’t understand
Amharic.
– QUESTION (?) Does Jill understand
French?
What’s going on here????
In ( + ), the verb really has 2 jobs:
1) MEANING (UNDERSTANDS -- ‫(להבין‬
2) GRAMMAR (UNDERSTANDS), which
includes:
•Time (understands, not understood;
)”‫“מבין” ולא “הבין‬
•Number -- “understands ”can’t be ‫רבים‬
(think of he/she/it, which are all ‫(יחיד‬
•Person -- “understands” can’t be first
person (I understands???) or second
person (you understands????)
‫ב ( ‪ ) +‬הפועל מקבל על עצמו את‬
‫שני התפקידים ‪ --‬הן משמעות‬
‫)‪ )HARRY DREAMS‬והן דקדוק ‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬ב ( ‪ ) -‬ו ( ? ) יש פיצול‬
‫את תפקיד‬
‫הדקדוק תופס‬
‫עתה הפועל‬
‫העזר‬
‫‪(Harry‬‬
‫‪doesn’t‬‬
‫)‪dream‬‬
‫ואת תפקיד‬
‫המשמעות‬
‫תופס עתה‬
‫הפועל‬
‫העיקרי‪.‬‬
‫‪(Harry‬‬
‫‪doesn’t‬‬
‫)‪dream‬‬
Now do you understand why
the main verb must always
be
?‫בצורת המקור‬
Let’s Practice....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“Shlomi loves computers. Before his father
bought him a computer, he thought he would
never be able to learn. He didn’t ________ he
was clever enough. But now he’s a real
professional!”
“If Shlomi didn’t _________ computers to begin
with, why did his father ________ him a
computer?”
“He __________ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“Shlomi loves computers. Before his father bought
him a computer, he thought he would never be
able to learn. He didn’t _think__ he was clever
enough. But now he’s a real professional!”
“If Shlomi didn’t __like___ computers to begin
with, why did his father ___buy__ him a
computer?”
“He _wanted___ to encourage him. He knew that
computers can be a wonderful help with
schoolwork.”
Let’s Practice....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my keys at
home this morning.”
“Where did you ____________ them?”
“I ___________ them on the table. __________
you see them?”
“Yes, but you _________ have to worry. I won’t
lock the door.”
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the
missing word(s):
“Hello, Mom? I have a problem. I left my
keys at home this morning.”
“Where did you ___leave____ them?”
“I ___left____ them on the table. _Can or
Do_ you see them?”
“Yes, but you __don’t__ have to worry. I
won’t lock the door.”
BUT
Don’t think BE/HAVE/DO can only
be helping verbs )‫(פועלי עזר‬.
Often they are main verbs ‫(הפועל‬.
)‫העיקרי‬
be/have/do as main verbs:
• You are being stupid!
• Dan has had too many
absences.
• What did you do last night?
In the following passage, write “HV” in the parentheses
after a Helping Verb. If the word isn’t a helping verb,
DON’T WRITE ANYTHING.
My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want me
to do (
) something that I don’t (
) want to
do (
), or else they want me to not do (
) what I
do (
) want. I have (
) always been (
) jealous
of Moshe. His parents are (
) so understanding! He
doesn’t (
) have (
) any problems with them.
They’re (
) young, and patient, and they remember
what it was (
) like to be (
) young. Moshe
has (
) never had (
) any problems with his
parents. Not like me. Moshe has (
) all the luck, and
I don’t (
) have (
) any. And I never do (
)
anything right!
My parents never listen to me. Sometimes they want
me to do (
) something that I don’t ( HV ) want to
do (
), or else they want me to not do (
) what
I do ( HV ) want. I have ( HV ) always been (
)
jealous of Moshe. His parents are (
) so
understanding! He doesn’t ( HV ) have (
) any
problems with them. They’re (
) young, and
patient, and they remember what it was (
) like to
be (
) young. Moshe has ( HV ) never had (
) any problems with his parents. Not like me.
Moshe has (
) all the luck, and I don’t ( HV ) have
(
) any. And I never do (
) anything right!
This is the end of
Lesson 2
LESSON 3
A Few Words About
Modals and
Semi-Modals
modals
shall, will, should, would, may,
might, must, can, could, ought
modal + V1 (modal)
Miri can speak four languages.
We must finish.
Would you like some coffee?
A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
You shouldn’t--indeed, you can’t--use “can” in the
past or in the future tense.
Use a form of “be able to” instead, or (in past
tense), use “could”.
Examples: I can’t speak Russian.
I was able to or could speak it when I was
young.
I will be able to speak it again after my trip to
Moscow.
A NOTE ABOUT SEMI-MODALS
Another way to say “must” is “have to” (they
both mean the same thing). In fact, in
negative sentences (-), questions (?), and in
the past or future tenses, you can’t use
“must”; you have to use “have to”.
Example: I must hurry. I have to hurry.
You don’t have to hurry.
She had to hurry so that she
wouldn’t
be late.
Let’s Practice....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What __________ you say?”
“Do you _____ ____ play the radio so loud?”
“No, I don’t ______ _____. Do you
_________ me to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _________
me to lose my hearing.”
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the
missing word(s):
“Shirli, must you play the radio so loud?”
“What ___did____ you say?”
“Do you __have to___ play the radio so
loud?”
“No, I don’t __have to___. Do you
__want___ me to turn it down?”
“Yes, I do, please, if you don’t _want____
me to lose my hearing.”
Let’s Practice....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“_________ you help me, please? I want a book about the
Internet, but I ___________ find one.”
“_________ you look among the computer books?”
“Yes, I __________, but I ______________ find anything.”
“Well, I’m ____________ somebody else right now, but I
_______ ____ ______ ___ help you in about ten
minutes. ________ you come back in ten minutes?”
“OK. And in the meantime, I __________ try again.
Maybe I _____ ___ _____ ___ find it by then.”
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
“___Can___ you help me, please? I want a book about the
Internet, but I ___can’t___ find one.”
“___Did___ you look among the computer books?”
“Yes, I ___did____, but I __couldn’t____ find anything.”
“Well, I’m __helping___ somebody else right now, but I
___will be able to__ help you in about ten minutes.
___Can__ you come back in ten minutes?”
“OK. And in the meantime, I ___will___ try again. Maybe
I __will be able to__ find it by then.”
Refresh Your Memory-Take another look
at the table of
helping verbs.
Pay attention to the
colors.
BE
HAVE
DO
MODALS
is, am, are,
was, were
has, have
had
do, does,
did
shall, will, should,
would, may, might,
must, can, could
1) be + ing
(progressive)
have + V3
(perfect)
do + V1
(simple)
modal + V1
The bus is coming.
We were waiting.
She has finished. Do you love me? You should try.
We have eaten.
I didn’t hear you. I may visit my aunt.
2) be + V3
(passive)
A lot of money is
spent.
People were hurt.
Let’s Review....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Moshe _________ drive (V1) more carefully. He
_____________ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. _________ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I ___________ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob ______ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. __________ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I ________ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan ______ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his
money.
6. Some Americans _______ surprised (V3 - regular
verb)
when Bush ____ elected (V3 - regular
verb) President.
7. These photographs ________ taken (V3 - irregular
verb)
at Niagara Falls.
Let’s
Review....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Moshe _should__ drive (V1) more carefully. He
___shouldn’t_ drive (V1) so carelessly.
2. ___Do____ you want (V1) anything to eat?
Yes, thanks. I __would____ like (V1) a sandwich.
3. Bob __is__ acting in movies and making lots of money.
4. ___Have___ you seen (V3 - irregular verb) my hat?
No, I __don’t_ remember (V1) seeing it.
5. Dan _has__ wasted (V3 - regular verb) all of his money.
6. Some Americans _were__ surprised (V3 - regular verb)
when Clinton _was_elected (V3 - regular verb)
President.
7. These photographs __were__ taken (V3 - irregular
verb) at Niagara Falls.
Let’s Review Some More....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Don’t you ________ you _________ drunk enough beer?
People should __________ a dentist once a year.
I will ________ an umbrella, because it may __________.
Gabi has always ___________ to visit India.
Most of our friends had already _________ the party when
we arrived. Why did they _________ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__________ you sleeping?
7. I was ___________ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Miri! She’s __________ her arm! Call a doctor!
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. Don’t you _think__ you __have___ drunk enough beer?
2. People should ___see____ a dentist once a year.
3. I will __take__ an umbrella, because it may __rain____.
4. Gabi has always __wanted___ to visit India.
5. Most of our friends had already __left___ the party when
we arrived. Why did they __leave__ so soon?
6. Please forgive me for phoning you so early this morning.
__Were____ you sleeping?
7. I was __watching_ TV, when suddenly I heard a shot.
8. Poor Miri! She’s __broken__ her arm! Call a doctor!
Let’s Try a Test....
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. I don’t _________ to think about it.
2. Anat _______ lost ten kilo. You ___________ see
her!
3. Did you _____________ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t ________, and I _____ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. ________ you considered going into politics?
6. He is ______________ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __________ at the party last
night.
8. We ___________ talking on the telephone when
the lights went out.
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing word(s):
1. I don’t _want____ to think about it.
2. Anat __has__ lost ten kilo. You _should____ see
her!
3. Did you __remember___ to take your keys?
4. I haven’t __eaten_, and I _am__ not planning to eat
anything before dinner.
5. __Have__ you considered going into politics?
6. He is __considered__ a great expert.
7. A lot of wine was __drunk___ at the party last night.
8. We ___were____ talking on the telephone when the
lights went out.
A Test....Part 2:
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
9. You could _________ until the last minute, or
you could ________ the work now and
_________ it over with.
10. _________ you name ten countries in Africa?
11. I __________ sleep very well last night.
12. I have _________ my promise, and I
_________ keep my word.
Use what you’ve learned to fill in the missing
word(s):
9. You could __wait___ until the last minute,
or you could ___do___ the work now and
___get___ it over with.
10. ___Can___ you name ten countries in
Africa?
11. I __didn’t__ sleep very well last night.
12. I have __given__ my promise, and I
__will___ keep my word.
This is the end of Lesson 3
LESSON 4
?
V
English verb phrases can be
l o n g !
I couldn’t have been expected to
have
‫!יו‬
known that.
An 8-word verb!
Forming Yes/No Questions
Take the first element )‫ (מרכיב‬of
the
verb and put it before the subject
:)‫(נושא‬
I can believe it.
Can you believe it?
I’ve been there.
Have you been there?
Forming questions...still!
Follow the same rule even for a
monster verb!
He couldn’t have been expected to
understand.
Could he have been expected to
understand?
How do I translate "‫"האם‬
when I’m forming a yes-no question?
To translate ”‫“האם‬
when forming a
yes-no question,
simply begin the
question with the
suitable helping
verb.
For example:
Are you serious?
?‫האם אתה רציני‬
Are you listening? ‫האם אתה‬
?‫מקשיב‬
Do you collect stamps?
?‫האם אתה אוסף בולים‬
Have you lost weight?
?‫האם רזית‬
Will he succeed? ‫האם הוא‬
?‫יצליח‬
Can you convince me?
?‫האם תוכל לשכנע אותי‬
Let’s Practice....
Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
__________________________________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: _______________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really
too much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I
need the money!
BENNY: ________________________________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as
much as I’d hoped to save!
Complete the conversation:
BENNY: Arik! I haven’t seen you for a long time!
_Have you been hiding?_____________________?
ARIK: Of course I haven’t been hiding! I’ve been very busy.
BENNY: __Are you studying a lot?___________________?
ARIK: Yes, I’m studying a lot. I want to do well on my exams.
BENNY: ___Do you still have that part-time job?________?
ARIK: Yes, unfortunately, I still have that part-time job. It’s really
too much. That’s why I’m always so tired.
BENNY: _Are you sure you were smart to take the job?___?
ARIK: You’re right. I guess I wasn’t smart to take the job. But I
need the money!
BENNY: __Have you been able to save any money?______?
ARIK: Yes, I’ve been able to save a lot of money, although not as
much as I’d hoped to save!
‫‪Let’s Practice‬‬
‫‪Ask these questions in English:‬‬
‫האם אתם חייבים לעשות כל כך הרבה רעש‬
‫?______________________________________________‬
‫האם אראה אותך הערב ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם מותר לנו להשתמש במילון ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫השתגעת ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם אתה מקשיב ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
Ask these questions in English:
? ‫האם אתם חייבים לעשות כל כך הרבה רעש‬
_(Do you have to/Must you) make so much noise?_________
? ‫האם אראה אותך הערב‬
_Will I see you tonight?______________________________
? ‫האם מותר לנו להשתמש במילון‬
_(Are we allowed to/ May we) use a dictionary?___________
? ‫השתגעת‬
_Are you crazy? Have you gone crazy?_________________
? ‫האם אתה מקשיב‬
_Are you listening?_________________________________
‫‪Let’s Practice‬‬
‫‪Ask these questions in English:‬‬
‫האם אי פעם בקרת בפטרה ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם שמעת בימיך דבר כל כך מגוחך ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם הייתם בהפגנה ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם ראית את המפתחות שלי ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
‫האם היית מציע לי להזמין אותם ?‬
‫_________________________________________________‬
Let’s Practice
Ask these questions in English:
? ‫האם אי פעם בקרת בפטרה‬
_Have you ever visited Petra?_________________________
? ‫האם שמעת בימיך דבר כל כך מגוחך‬
_Have you ever heard anything so ridiculous?____________
? ‫האם הייתם בהפגנה‬
_Were you at the demonstration?______________________
? ‫האם ראית את המפתחות שלי‬
_Have you seen my keys?____________________________
? ‫האם היית מציע לי להזמין אותם‬
_Would you (advise me to/suggest that I) invite them?_____
WH-questions
Learn these question words:
who whom whose which
what where when why
?????
WH-questions
And these, too:
how
how much how many
how often ]‫[באיזו תדירות‬
how long (ago) ]‫[(לפני) כמה זמן‬
how + ‫כל תואר שהוא‬
(how rich, how strong, how sick)
?????
How easy is it?
It’s really easy!
• (The answer:) I want my money. (The next
question:) Why do you want your money?
• (The answer:) I’ve given Adam some
money. (The next question:) How much
money have you given him?
• (The answer:) I’m planning to leave
tomorrow. (The next question:) Why aren’t
you planning to leave today?
“Who” and “What” as subjects
Where who or what refers to the subject )‫(הנושא‬,
the Hebrew translation is ?‫מי או מה‬
If who or what refers to the subject, DON’T use
do-does-did in the simple tenses; DON’T change
the word order:
Answer: Tal loves Rami Kleinstein’s music.
Question: Who loves Rami Kleinstein’s
music?
)‫“(מכשולים‬Stumpers”
How old are you?
? ‫בן כמה אתה‬
What happened ?
?‫מה קרה‬
What did x do?
?X ‫מה עשה‬
When were you born?
? ‫מתי נולדת‬
What do you do for a living? ?‫במה אתה עובד‬
How long will he be gone?
?‫לכמה זמן הוא לא יהיה‬
How good are you at this?
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve
learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_____________________________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them
because I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed to
keep them.
X: _____________________________________________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother
anyone.
How good are you at this?
Ask the right questions. See how much you’ve learned.
X: Hello, I’m phoning about your advertisement.
_How old are they?______________________________?
MOTI: They’re not very old. Five years isn’t really so old.
Anyway, they’re in good shape.
X: _Why are you getting rid of them?_________________?
MOTI: I’m not “getting rid of” them. I’m offering them because
I’m moving to a new flat, where I’m not allowed to keep
them.
X: _Why aren’t you allowed to keep them?_____________?
MOTI: I don’t understand it either. They don’t bother anyone.
Keep going...
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m always
home.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. ___________________________?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: ____________________________________________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care about is
finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! ________________________________?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving away
my beloved cats!
Keep going...
X: _When can I take them?________________________?
MOTI: You can take them whenever it’s convenient. I’m
always home.
X: _Where do you live?___________________________?
MOTI: I live on the corner of Plony and Almony.
X: I know the building. _Which entrance is yours?_____?
MOTI: My entrance is Number 2.
X: _How much money do you want for them?_________?
MOTI: Oh, I don’t want any money for them. All I care about
is finding a good home for them!
X: A good home! _Aren’t you selling a set of skis?_____?
MOTI: Of course I’m not selling a set of skis! I’m giving away
my beloved cats!
CONGRATULATIONS!
YOUR NAME
has been awarded
the M.V.
(Master of Verbs)