Male or female?
What is the
problem with this
set of
chromosomes?
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Objectives
Outcomes
Define key terminology related to
chromosomes.
3: Describe karyotyping.
Explore the use of karyotyping.
5: Successfully complete the activity
on karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the uses and limitations
of karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Chromosomes are
composed of DNA
coiled around
proteins (histones)
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
One chromosome of each homologous pair comes
from the mother (called a maternal chromosome) and
one comes from the father (paternal chromosome).
Homologous chromosomes are similar but not
identical. Each carries the same genes in the same
order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same.
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
An autosome is a
chromosome that is not
an allosome (i.e., not a
sex chromosome).
Autosomes appear in
pairs whose members
have the same form but
differ from other pairs
in a diploid cell,
whereas members of an
allosome pair may
differ from one another
and thereby determine
sex.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Questions
Outcomes
1. State the difference between
a diploid and haploid cell.
3: Describe karyotyping.
2. What is an autosome?
5: Successfully complete the activity
on karyotyping.
3. What are homologous
chromosomes?
7: Evaluate the uses and limitations
of karyotyping.
4. If a diploid cell of an
organism contains 38
chromosomes how many will
a gamete contain?
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Karotype and karyogram
Outcomes
Karyotype: A property of the cell
– the number and type of
chromosomes present.
3: Describe karyotyping.
Karyogram: the image of this.
5: Successfully complete the activity
on karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the uses and limitations
of karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Non-disjunction
Non-disjunction is one of the Two major occurrences of Meiosis
(The other is Crossing Over)
• Non-disjunction is the failure of homologous
chromosomes, or sister chromatids, to separate
during meiosis.
• Non-disjunction results with the production of
zygotes with abnormal chromosome numbers……
remember…. An abnormal chromosome number
(abnormal amount of DNA) is damaging to the
offspring.
Non-disjunctions usually occur in one of two
fashions.
The first is called Monosomy, the second is called
Trisomy. If an organism has Trisomy 18 it has three
chromosomes in the 18th set, Trisomy 21…. Three
chromosomes in the 21st set. If an organism has
Monosomy 23 it has only one chromosome in the 23rd
set.
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Common Non-disjunction
Disorders
• Down’s Syndrome – Trisomy 21
• Turner’s Syndrome – Monosomy 23
(X)
• Kleinfelter’s Syndrome – Trisomy 23
(XXY)
• Edward’s Syndrome – Trisomy 18
Outcomes
3: Describe
karyotyping.
5: Successfully
complete the
activity on
karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the
uses and
limitations of
karyotyping.
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes
Task
Outcomes
Carry out the karyotyping activity
on:
3: Describe karyotyping.
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/h
uman_bio/activities/karyotyping/k
aryotyping.html
5: Successfully complete the activity
on karyotyping.
7: Evaluate the uses and limitations
of karyotyping.
Link is on Haiku
Key terms: karyotyping, chromosome, diploid, haploid, homologous,
autosomes