Acquiring Immunity
Long Term Protection
Individual Activity (means no talking)
• Read Acquiring Specific Immunity at top of
p317 of Biology 2.
• Why is Specific Immunity also called Acquired
Immunity??
• Specific immunity is Acquired Immunity (you only
develop immunity following exposure.
• What is the difference between active and passive
immunity?
• Active – antibodies are made in the body
• Passive – antibodies are produced in one person
and transferred to another
Individual Activity (still means no
talking)
• Read section Active Immunity on p317-318
• What is natural active immunity?
• Antibodies are produced in the body (naturally)
following exposure to a pathogen.
• What is induced active immunity?
• Antibodies made after immunisation with toxoid or
with killed or treated organisms (vaccines).
• REVISE IMMUNE RESPONSE - Label diagram and
paste into your notes.
Lymphocytes are
produced in the
BONE MARROW
Cell Production
Maturation:
(each cell as a specific ANTIBODY
on its surface
B CELLS mature
in the bone
marrow.
T CELLS mature in
the thymus
Following exposure its specific ANTIGEN,
the cell will reproduce to form:
PLASMA CELLS
which produce
antibodies
B MEMORY CELLS
HELPER T CELLS
(Th Cells)
CYTOTOXIC T
CELLS (Tc Cells)
T MEMORY CELLS
Purpose (what they do):
Antibodies react
with specific
antigens. An
antigen involved
in such a
response is no
longer able to
damage host
cells.
Provide long
term immunity to
the specific
pathogen. React
faster and more
vigorously in
subsequent
exposures.
Help B Cells
recognize
antigens (from
engulfed
pathogens) on
Phagocytes.
Needed for
production of
Plasma Cells
Kill cells that
have been
infected with a
virus. Identifies
cell by its antigen
(viral protein left
on cell surface).
Provide long term
immunity to the
specific pathogen.
React faster and
more vigorously in
subsequent
exposures
Antibody Mediated Response
Cell Mediated Response
Individual Activity (still means no
talking)
• Read section Eradicating a Disease by
Vaccination on p318-320
• Vaccination is the process of introducing the vaccine into the body where as
Immunisation is the immune response to the vaccine that results in
immunity. What is a vaccine?
• Vaccines (dead or live but weakened(attenuated) pathogens and synthetic
antigens) are used to activate the immune system against that specific
disease, without causing the disease. Vaccines have the same antigens as the
infective pathogen. Vaccines are usually injected or ingested.
• Copy this graph into your notes. With reference to the Immune System and
this graph, what is Immunisation?
Usually involves a series of injections to bring on lasting immunity. This is the
immunisation program and involves:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A first vaccination, in which the vaccine in introduced into the body for the
first time
A primary response, during which plasma cells slowly produce small
amounts of antibodies, resulting in short term immunity. Some memory cells
are produced. This takes about 10 days and the amount of antibodies quickly
declines once infection has cleared
A second vaccination, in which a second vaccine (or booster) is introduced
into the body. Existing memory cells respond.
A secondary response, during which plasma cells rapidly produce large
amounts of antibodies much more quickly (approximately 3 days) and in
much greater amounts. The level of antibodies in the secondary response
remain much higher for longer than the primary response resulting in long
term immunity.
• What is a Toxoid?
• Some pathogens secrete toxins which can be
treated with Toxoids in a similar way to
vaccines.
• Give some examples of Vaccine preventable
diseases.
• Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping
Cough), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Varicella
Zoster (Chicken Pox), Poliomyelitis, Measles,
Mumps, Rubella (German Measles),
Influenza, there are many more
Individual Activity (still means no
talking)
• Read section Passive Immunity and Rabbits as
antibody making machines on p320-321
• What is natural passive immunity?
• Antibodies acquired by baby across placenta or in
mother’s milk
• What is induced passive immunity?
• Antibodies acquired through injection of
Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
• Copy and Label the following diagram
Acquired Immunity
Passive Immunity
Natural
Acquired (Induced)
Acquired
Immunity
Active
Passive
Immunity
Immunity
Natural
Induced
Natural
Antibodies made after
exposure to infection
Antibodies made after
immunisation with
toxoid or with killed or
treated organisms
Antibodies acquired by
baby across placenta
or in mother’s milk
Memory B and T cells
Induced
Antibodies acquired
through injection of
Immunoglobulins
(antibodies)
No Memory Cells
Individual Activity (still means no
talking)
• Read section Adverse Event Associated with
Immunity on p322-323
IMMUNE DOCUMENTRY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0u6z6yFxahg&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBMIkfMMTHs&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGemkOYPtmw&feature=relmfu - skip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysw_Zs-ydP8&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZWOh3NEsag&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_49z0Xf235Q&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouqVl6CpW-U&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouqVl6CpW-U&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qIH9T-GBjm4&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAsTwG5Mxow&feature=relmfu