Expected Learning:
To explore and define acquired
immunity
Pre Questions
• what are monoclonal cultures?
• What is a vaccine?
• How does a Vaccine work?
Self & Non-self
• Self refers to materials made by the body
• Non-self refers to all foreign materials.
• If a foreign material is detected, the immune response is activated
Non Specific Immunity:
Refers to chemical and physical barriers, present before contact with a
specific micro-organism. Has no memory
Specific Immunity:
An acquired or adaptive immunity (occurs after body’s contact with
infection), involves the production of specialised cells and chemical
substances called antibodies. Specific immunity has a memory e.g.
Vaccines
Active & Passive Immunity:
Passive immunity is where antibodies produced in one person that are
introduced into another react with antigens to provide immunity.
Passive immunity can be acquired naturally or induced.
• Natural
• Induced
• Eg. Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal Antibodies:
Are a type of protein made in the laboratory that can bind to substances in the
body, including tumour cells. There are many kinds of monoclonal antibodies.
Each monoclonal antibody is made to find one substance.
Active immunity is where antibodies are produced within a person, as a
response to exposure to a specific antigen. It can also be acquired Naturally
or induced
• Natural
• Induced
• Eg. Vaccine
Difference between active and passive immunity:
What is Vaccination??
• Vaccinations protect you from specific diseases that can make you
very sick, disable or even kill you. They boost your body's immune
system.
• Vaccines create immunity that protects you from an infection
without causing the suffering of the disease itself.
• immunizations, needles, shots
How do they work??
• Most vaccines contain a little bit of a disease germ that is weak or
dead.
• This makes the body's defence system build antibodies to fight off
this germ.
• Antibodies remember how to fight off the germ. If the real germ
that causes this disease (not the vaccine) enters your body in the
future, your defence system knows how to fight it off. (due to
formation of memory cells)
• Often, your defence system will remember how to fight a germ
for the rest of your life. Sometimes, your defence system needs a
booster shot.
• Usually vaccines prevent one disease.
• Sometimes they are combined to protect you from several diseases
with one shot.
• For example, the MMR vaccine fights Measles, Mumps and Rubella
(German measles).
Summary video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SduMbjW2V9A
Vaccine
• Natural
Specific
Immunity
Detection
of
Non-self
• Active • Induced
•
• Passive •• Natural
Induced
Immune
Response
Non
Specific
immunity
monoclonal
antibody
How they relate to Specific, Non-specific & self and Non self:
Vaccines are categorised as non self, as they are foreign to the body and have an
effect on the non-self micro-organism, as well as the self – the antibodies
produced as a result of their presence .
They are specific as one particular vaccine acts on one type of micro-organism.
Homework:
Quick check Qs- 20-23
Challenge- Qs 24&25 of VCAA 2011 Exam
Reflection:
What did we lean about acquired immunity today?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibodies
http://cancerhelp.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/treatment/biological/types/about-monoclonal-antibodies
http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26309
http://thyroid.about.com/library/immune/blimm02.htm
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio105/immune.htm
Kinnear, J. and Martin, M. (2006) Nature of Biology Book 2. 3rd ed. Milton,
Queensland: John Wiley & Sons Australia.