Name ____KEY_______________________________________ Date ________________ Period _______
All About Electrons: Patterns and Placement
Atom Builder
Directions: Using the program ‘Atom Builder,’ complete the following atom diagrams below; you choose the
last three elements you’d like to draw.
Element: C
Element: He
6p
6n
Element: Be
2p
2n
4p
5n
Electron arrangement: 2, 4
Electron arrangement: 2
Electron arrangement: 2,2
Element Name: Carbon
Element Name: Helium
Element Name: Beryllium
Element: P
Element: Cl
Element: K
17p
18n
15p
16n
19p
20n
Electron arrangement: 2, 8, 5
Electron arrangement: 2, 8, 7
Electron arrangement: 2, 8, 8, 1
Element Name: Phosphorus
Element Name: Chlorine
Element Name: Potassium
Element:
Element:
Element:
Electron arrangement:
Electron arrangement:
Electron arrangement:
Element Name:
Element Name:
Element Name:
1. What patterns do you notice about the maximum number of electrons present in each energy level?
1st energy level, a maximum of 2 electrons fit; 2nd energy level and above, a maximum of 8 electrons fit
David’s Whizzy Periodic Table
Directions: Go to http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/a2.html. Then read and follow the instructions
at the bottom of the web page. After looking around, answer the following questions:
1. In “Shell View,” the orbiting colored dots represent electrons and the tiny dot in the center represents the
nucleus. How is this model NOT reflective of real atomic particles?
In a real atom, the electrons are MUCH smaller than the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
2. Each different COLOR of electrons represents an energy level or orbital; a fixed distance from the
nucleus where they orbit. How many energy levels are there in each of the following elements? Write
the answers below each element on the simplified periodic table below.
H
1
Li
2
Na
3
K
4
Be
2
Mg
3
Ca
4
B
2
Al
3
C
2
Si
3
N
2
P
3
O
2
S
3
F
2
Cl
3
He
1
Ne
2
Ar
3
a) What do all the elements in the second row have in common?
They all have 2 energy levels present.
b) What pattern can you see emerging from the number of energy levels in relation to the periodic table?
The number of energy levels increases as you move down a column or group of elements. The number
of energy levels are the same across the row.
3. The outermost electrons (located in the energy level farthest from the nucleus) are called valence
electrons (electrons pictured at the top of the diagram, same color). How many valence electrons do the
following elements have? Write the answers below each element on the simplified periodic table below.
H
1
Li
1
Na
1
K
1
Be
2
Mg
2
Ca
2
B
3
Al
3
C
4
Si
4
N
5
P
5
O
6
S
6
F
7
Cl
7
He
2
Ne
8
Ar
8
a) What pattern can you see emerging from the number of valence electrons in relation to the periodic
table?
- Elements within the same column/group have the same number of valence electrons.
-
Elements within the same row increase in valence electrons, pattern repeats with each row.
Drawing an Atom
Complete the following table:
Element Name
Hydrogen
Lithium
Boron
Nitrogen
Fluorine
Sodium
Magnesium
Aluminum
Phosphorus
Chlorine
Argon
Element
Symbol
H
Li
B
N
F
Na
Mg
Al
P
Cl
Ar
# of Protons
1
3
5
7
9
11
12
13
15
17
18
# of Neutrons
0
4
6
7
10
12
12
14
16
18
22
# of Electrons
1
3
5
7
9
11
12
13
15
17
18
Draw models of the following atoms using the symbols P, N, and e- for protons, neutrons, and electrons
Boron
Bohr Model
Dot Diagram
Argon
Bohr Model
Dot Diagram
Dot Diagram
Phosphorus
Bohr Model
Dot Diagram
1.
Sodium
Bohr Model