RAH Day 21 Agenda
Goal – To understand the Women’s Liberation Movement, the new
left and counter-culture and the environmental movements
1.
2.
Review Packet p 24 – review of civil rights
Read packet 30– re: women in the workplace – answer the following
questions –
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
Review differences between counterculture and New Left
Read packet p 29 “The New Left” – answer the attached questions 1 and 2
and then answer
1.
5.
6.
Would you want to belong to the “New” New Left today? Why or why not?
Questions from homework?
Read reading #’s 1, 5 and 6 on pp 31-33
1.
2.
7.
What did congresswoman Chisholm think were some commonly accepted
assumptions about women in society?
What specific reason did she cite for supporting passage of the ERA?
How did she think prejudice against women compared with prejudice against
African Americans?
What is the difference between early SDS goals and methods and the later
SDS goals and methods?
How did conservative America perceive members of SDS and the New Left
generally?
Complete p 35 to review the environmental movement
Korean Leaders Meet in Pyongyang
October 3, 2007
By CHOE SANG-HUNSEOUL, South Korea, Oct. 3 — Leaders of
North and South Korea, both compelled by urgent yet different
motives to make high-risk wagers, sat down face-to-face today in
the first summit meeting between the two Koreas in seven years.
Women’s fight for equality
1 - Experience at
work
2. Experience w/
activism
Wage and job discrimination made women
mad and feel inferior. Women were also
less able to care for themselves and
their children if they were single, or
unable to leave a bad marriage because
they earned less.
Work for racial justice awakened in women
the desire to end their own socioeconomic inferiority
3. Consciousness
raising
Helped individual women become aware that
they were not alone in feeling
dissatisfied with their lot in life
4. feminism
Provided theory for the movement – women
should be treated the same as men
socially, economically and politically
Women’s fight for equality
5. Feminine Mystique
5. Opened eyes of women to be aware of
their situation and to act to improve their lives
– the key to early consciousness-raising
6. Civil Rights Act ’64
6. Provided legal tools and the Equal
Employment Opportunity Commission
(EEOC) to use the power of the federal
government to sue in court for equality
7. National
7. National Organization for Women created to
Organization for Women organize action to achieve goals of socio(NOW)
economic and political equality
8. MS. Magazine
8. Information about and voice of the
women’s movement
9. Congress
9. CRA, Education Act ’72, ERA proposed,
EEOC stronger, tax breaks for child care
10. Supreme Court
5.
Roe v Wade (’73), Griswold v Connecticut
(’65), Nashville Gas v Satty (‘77)
Pg 26 On Working Mothers - Questions to think about
1. What did Dr. Spock believe to be the ideal situation for rearing children?
What risk did he think working mothers ran? ideal to have mom stay at
home to take care of children because a mother is best able to take care of
children. However, sometimes circumstances require mom to work, therefore,
loving, quality time is very important. Risked maladjusted/neglected kids
2. What was the solution to the child care dilemma, according to Gerzon?
Society, the workplace and gov’t policy all had to change to address social
changes – businesses need flex time, dads need to pick up some of the slack
and in some cases more gov’t funded day care,
3. How did Betty Friedan view the studies on the effects of working mothers
on their children? She claims that there is no evidence that children are
hurt by working mothers. Actually the studies show that many women are
happier working, and that delinquency is not shown to be caused by working
mothers.
4. Explain the dilemma of the letter-writer to Ms. Magazine. Is there a legal
or social solution to her problem? Explain.
Gov’t needs to change the
tax rules, change how it views the value of in-home work, and society needs
to change how it values women in the workforce
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Culture and counterculture
participants
1.
Beliefs about American
society
2.
Goals for society
Movement centers
3.
Attitudes & activities
Violence
4.
Impact on arts
Impact on music
5.
Longterm impact
6.
7.
8.
9.
Young middle class white and
educated – called hippies
Cold, conformist, materialist, cruel
and selfish
Peace, harmony, tolerance, selfawareness, idealistic, less material
San Francisco haight-ashbury, NYC
– Greenwich Village
Rock’n’Roll, drugs, communes,
weird cloths, beards, sex
Drug OD’s, Stones concert, Manson
Pop Art, Jeans, Music, Color, Casual
Rock, Hendrix, Beatles, Woodstock
Sex, casual, conservative backlash,
Nixon, permissive and tolerant
Issues at the Root of 60-’s Activism
Political Issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
Injustice
Racism
Discrimination
Poverty
War in ‘Nam
Close ties b/t business
and schools
• draft
Social Issues
•Conformity
•Conservatism
•Materialism
•Moralism
New Left v Counter-culture
New Left – a political
Counter-culture – a
movement
social movement
• Change gov’t to be more liberal to
help poor, minorities, cities,
•Change society from
women to improve their lives
materialism, conformity and
• Motivate activist grass-roots
political action to improve schools, intolerance
neighborhoods, community
•Decrease closedservices
mindedness,
injustice,
• End draft and war in ‘Nam
racism, sexism
• Limit business and gov’t influence
in univerisities
•Drugs, sex, rock ’n roll,
• Civil rights
communal, “freaky” long
hair, beards, clothes, no bras
New Left v Counter-culture
• Major difference –organized political movement versus
social movement
American mainstream and conservative response
The Conservative response to these two leftist-like movements was one
of anger and disapproval.
Conservatives got support from mainstream Americans because the
reality was that most Americans were not in favor of the activist, militant
methods of the New Left, nor were most Americans supporters of the
way of life promoted by the counter-culture. Most Americans, even in
1969 were quietly trying to live the American Dream.
President Nixon referred to these mainstream Americans, those trying to
live the American dream as the non-shouters, the non-demonstrators, the
SILENT MAJORITY. It is these who brought Nixon the the presidency
Women’s cases and laws
The second wave of the woman's movement dates from the passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964. Here is a list of just a few of the landmark Supreme Court ruling to come from
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and similar, later laws. The Equal Pay Act (1963) mandated that men and women performing the same jobs be paid the same.
In US ex. rel. v. Robinson (1968), the Federal District Court struck down as unconstitutional a Connecticut statute requiring longer prison sentences for women than for men.
In 1969, the US Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the EEOC Guidelines prohibiting sex-segregated help wanted ads and denied the appeal of the Newspaper Publishers
Association. 3
Women gained a limited right to public accommodations in Seidenberg v. McSorley's Old Ale House (1969). Previously, women trying to eat alone in restaurants were assumed
to be prostitutes soliciting customers and could be denied service.
By 9-0, in a landmark decision in Reed v. Reed (1971), the US Supreme Court found an Idaho law giving arbitrary preference to men as executors of estates could not to be
allowed to "stand in the face of the 14th amendment" and was unconstitutional. For the first time the US Supreme Court struck down a state statute as unconstitutional due to
discrimination on account of sex.
Mandatory pregnancy leave statutes, regulations, and policies were successfully challenged in Doe v. Osteopathic Hospital of Wichita, Inc, Bravo v. Board of Education, Heath v,
Websterville Board of Education, LaFleur v. Cleveland Board of Education, Pocklington v. Duval County School, Williams v. San Francisco Unified School District, and Robinson
v. Rand. (1972) p. 63
In Roe v. Wade (1973) and Doe v. Bolton (1973), the US Supreme Court struck down state laws restricting women's access to abortion.
In Frontiero v Richardson (1973) the US Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional discrimination to deny benefits to husbands of military servicewomen.
After a 5 campaign and 3 1/2 years of litigation, the US Supreme Court prohibited sex-segregated employment advertisements. (1973)
In 1974, the Fair Housing Act of 1968 was extended to prohibit discrimination based on sex.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 required financial institutions to consider women's income or savings in the same manner in which men's earnings are considered.
Credit histories of "family accounts" had to be extended to women as well as men
In Taylor v. Louisiana (1975), by an 8-1 vote, the US Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for states to deny women equal opportunity for jury service, voiding a
Louisiana statute that automatically excluded any woman from jury service unless she applied for it in writing. Only five years earlier, opinions issued by the New York courts
upheld the exemption of women from jury duty as a reasonable practice.
In 1970 the Ohio Supreme Court held that a wife was "at most a superior servant to her husband. . . only chattel with no personality, no property, and no legally recognized
feelings or rights." The 1974 Georgia legislature approved a statute that defined the husband as "head of the family" with the "wife . . . subject to him; her legal existence . . .
merged in the husband, except as so far as the law recognizes her separately, either for her own protection, her own benefit, or for the preservation of the public order." Until the
early 1980s, a Louisiana statute gave husbands exclusive control over the disposition of jointly owned community property.
In 1975 a Utah law requiring divorces fathers to support a son until age 21 but to support a daughter only until the age of 18 was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
In Weinberger v Weisenfeld (1975), the US Supreme Court held that a Social Security provision giving benefits to widows with minor children and denying benefits to widowers
with children was unconstitutional.
An equally divided US Supreme Court upheld a decision approving of sexually separate schools for academically superior boys and girls in Vorcjeimer v Philadelphia (1977).
In Satty v Nashville Gas (1977), the US Supreme Court held that pregnant employees could be denied sick pay. The court ruled that seniority rights could not be taken away from
a woman on leave to give birth.
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 reversed the Supreme Court decisions in Gilbert v GE (1976), which denied "pregnant people" disability benefits, and Satty v Nashville
Gas (1977), which denied women the use of sick leave during child birth.
In Continental Can v Minnesota (1983), the Minnesota Supreme Court handed down a landmark decision which held employers responsible for the sexual harassment of female
employees by their male co-workers. The Supreme Court strongly affirmed the right of women workers every where to be free of sexual harassment in the work place, whether
by boss, supervisor, or co-worker.
Environmentalism – “Crying Indian” Ad
Silent Spring
Greatly increase awareness of environmental issues,
specifically brought attention and called for solution
related to pesticides specifically DDT. Shocked people to
participate in gov’t to protect the environment
First Earth Day,
4-22-70
Highlighted environmental problems through the country
and got people involved in solving environmental
problems
EPA – 1970
Showed our support for protecting our environment and
is the chief law enforcement agency for enforcing
environmental protection laws. Sets rules for pollution,
toxic waste, etc.
Clean Air Act –
1970
Forced industry and cars to clean up emissions such that
cars are much cleaner and no longer spew lead.
Resulted in more laws being passed and the air to be
cleaner
Three Mile
Island – 1979
Debate over nuclear power led NRC to greatly increase
precautions and rules to prevent other accidents, no new
nuclear reactors were begun after 1990.
(1962)