Synthesis
and
Analysis
Synthesis and Analysis
Learn how to prepare a sample
of an insoluble salt ( page 35 )
Learn to write a word equation
for a precipitation reaction to
make a salt
potassium Chloride plus Copper
sulphate = potassium sulphate
plus copper chloride
Synthesis and Analysis
Remember a salt is a metal
joined to a non metal
They swap partners in the
reaction
Remember an example of an
insoluble salt that is made
commercially by precipitation and
explain why it is useful ( page 33)
Synthesis and Analysis
Write a balanced symbol equation for
a precipitation reaction to make a salt
2KCl + CuS04
k2S04 + CuCl 2
Remember that a balanced equation
for a chemical reaction shows the
numbers of atoms on both sides
which must be the same.
Synthesis and Analysis
Remember the names of acids
Solids = citric and tartaric acids
Liquids = sulphuric, nitric and
ethanoic, hydrochloric
Gases
= hydrogen chloride
Synthesis and Analysis
Remember that
acid + metal
salt +
hydrogen
acid + metal oxide
salt +
water
Acid +metal hydroxide
salt +
water
Salt + metal carbonate
carbon dioxide + water
salt +
Synthesis and Analysis
Learn the common hydroxides
are sodium, potassium and
calcium
You must be able to write a word
equation and a balanced symbol
equation for a reaction to make a
soluble salt
Synthesis and Analysis
Describe how to prepare a pure, dry
sample of a soluble salt from an
insoluble oxide or carbonate ( page
45)
Remember an example of a soluble
salt that is made commercially and
explain why it is useful ( page 44 )
Synthesis and Analysis
Remember that relative atomic
mass of an element shows the
mass of its atom relative to the
mass of other atoms ( RAM )
Calculate the relative formula mass
of a compound using the RAMS
Calculate the masses of reactants
and products from balanced
equations
Synthesis and Analysis
You must be able to calculate
a) Theoretical yield
b) Percentage yield
c) Explain what is meant by actual
yield
d) Explain why it is important
commercially to have a high
yield
Synthesis and Analysis
Remember that the reaction of acid
with an alkali to form a salt and it is a
neutralisation reaction
Name the salt produced when a given
acid and alkali react
i.e.
Hydrochloric acid + sodium
hydroxide
sodium chloride + water
Synthesis and Analysis
write down the formula of the salt produced
given the formulae of the acid and the alkali
acidic compounds contain hydrogen ions,
H+, in water
alkaline compounds contain hydroxide ions,
OH– in water
During a neutralisation reaction, the
hydrogen ions from the acid react with
hydroxide ions from the alkali to make water:
H+ + OH–
H2O
Synthesis and Analysis
Describe how to carry out an acid–
alkali titration accurately
Use values from two or three titrations
to assess the reliability of data
Synthesis and Analysis
Learn that concentrations of solutions are
measured in g/dm3 and how to make up
a solution.
You must be able to
a) Calculate the concentration of a given
volume of a solution given the mass of
the chemical
b)
Calculate the mass of the chemical in a
given volume of a solution given the
concentration
Synthesis and Analysis
Use a balanced equation and relative
formula masses to interpret the
results of a titration
Understand that in any chemical
analysis it is important to start with a
sample which is representative of the
whole bulk of the material analysed