Matter
Anything that has mass
and takes up space!
Physical Properties
• Physical Properties can be observed
or measured without changing the
substance
• Physical Properties can help you
identify an object
Examples of Physical
Properties you can observe
with your senses
• Color
• Shape
• Taste
• State
• Texture
• Shiny/dull
• Scent
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• You an use a
ruler to measure
the length,
width, or height
of an object.
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• You can use
a balance or
scale to
measure the
mass of an
object
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• You can use
a graduated
cylinder to
measure the
volume of a
liquid
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• You can put an
object in water
to see if it
dissolves.
• If it does, we
say that it is
soluble in
water
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
•Melting and Boiling Points
are physical properties of
matter.
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• Melting Point = The
temperature at which a
solid becomes a liquid
• Water is a liquid above
32 degrees Fahrenheit
(0 degrees Celsius) and
below 212 degrees
Fahrenheit (100 degrees
Celsius)
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• Boiling Point =
the temperature at
which a liquid
changes into a gas
• Water is a gas
(water vapor)
above 212 degrees
Fahrenheit (100
degrees Celsius)
Some Physical Properties
you need to measure
• Will an item
float in water?
• Density and
buoyancy are
physical
properties!
• How do you calculate density?
• Density = mass divided by volume
• The density of water is 1 gram/cm3
• If the density of the object is less
than 1 gram/cm3, the item will
float
• If the density of the object is
greater than 1 gram/cm3, the item
will sink
Physical Changes
• A physical change is a change of the
state, appearance, shape, size, or
texture of a substance.
• A physical change does not change
the identity of a substance.
Examples of Physical
Changes
• Crushing an pop can
Examples of Physical
Changes
• Tearing or
cutting a
piece of
paper
Examples of Physical
Changes
• Breaking a pencil
Examples of Physical
Changes
• A melting ice
cream cone
Examples of Physical
Changes
• Water evaporating
Examples of Physical
Changes
• Water
condensing
to form a
cloud
Chemical Properties
• A chemical property tells us
how a substance will behave
during a chemical reaction.
• Chemical changes happen
during a chemical reaction.
Examples of Chemical
Properties
• Flammability
= how easily a
substance will
catch on fire
Examples of Chemical
Properties
•Will an item rust?
•Some materials
rust (iron)
•Other materials
do not rust
(aluminum)
Chemical Changes
• A chemical change results in the
formation of one or more new
substances
• Chemical changes occur all
around us!
• Chemical changes are happening
in your body right now!
Chemical Changes are
due to Chemical
Reactions
What happens during a
Chemical Reaction?
• Chemical Reaction
= the process by
which new substances
are formed
• Chemical Reactions
are irreversible
What happens during a
Chemical Reaction?
• During a Chemical Reaction, the
atoms are rearranged and a new
substance is formed
• This new substance often has
different physical and chemical
properties compared to the
original substance
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Digestion =
stomach
acids digest
your food
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Cellular
Respiration
= cells
release the
energy
stored in
food
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Cooking = uses
heat to change
substances (eggs,
sugar, butter, etc.)
into new substances
(cookies)
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Burning =
wood is
changed into
ash, smoke,
heat, and
light
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Rusting =
oxygen reacts
with some
metals and
changes them
into new
materials
Examples of Chemical Reactions
that cause Chemical Changes
• Photosynthesis =
green plants use the
energy of the sun to
change carbon dioxide
and water into glucose
and oxygen
Other Common Chemical
Reactions
• Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water
• Iron + Oxygen = Rust
• Sodium + Chlorine = Table Salt
• Cellular Respiration
• Photosynthesis
• Baking cookies
• Yummy! 
How do you know when a
chemical change has occurred?
• Signs that a chemical change has
occurred include:
– Change in temperature
– The release of a gas
– Fire &/or smoke
– Change in color
– Light is produced
• What happens to the amount of
matter during a chemical
change?
• Is the amount of matter
increased?
• Is the amount of matter
decreased?
During a chemical change, there is
no increase or decrease in the
quantity of matter.
In other words, the number of atoms
does not increase or decrease; they
just get rearranged.
Law of Conservation of Matter
• Matter cannot be created or
destroyed, but it can change
form.
• The total amount of matter and
energy available in the universe
is a fixed amount.
• There is never any more or less
Law of Conservation of Matter
• The number of atoms on each side
of a chemical equation needs to be
the same.
• This is called balancing equations.
• We balance equations because of
the Law of Conservation of Matter
Let’s balance some
equations!
• Table Salt
Let’s balance some
equations!
• Water Formation
Let’s balance some
equations!
• Photosynthesis
Review
•Matter = anything that
has mass and takes up
space.
Review
• Physical properties of matter can
be described by using our senses
(color, shape, scent, etc.)
• Physical properties of matter can
be measured (mass, volume,
density, melting and boiling
point, etc.)
Review
• Matter can be described by how
it will behave during a chemical
reaction
• Some chemical properties
include flammability and the
ability of a substance to rust
Review
• Changes to matter can be physical or
chemical.
• Some changes do not change the
makeup of the matter (physical
changes)
• Examples of physical changes
include: cutting, freezing, crushing,
breaking, melting, evaporating, etc.
Review
• Some changes turn the matter into
entirely different substances
(chemical changes)
• Examples of chemical changes
include: burning, rusting, cooking,
digesting, photosynthesis, cellular
respiration, etc.
Review
• Signs that a chemical change has
occurred include:
– Change in temperature
– The release of a gas
– Fire &/or smoke
– Change in color
– Light is produced
Review
•The Law of Conservation of
Matter states that matter
cannot be created or
destroyed, but it can
change form.