Texas in the Age of Reform
Chapter 24 Section 1
Name: ____________________________________________ Per____Date_______________________
1. What does it mean to REFORM something? _________________________________________ (glossary)
2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in our school. Tell why it should be
REFORMED. ___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Reform
Movements
Farmers Demand
Reform
1. What caused a boom
(increase) in farm
production in the late
1800s? (pg 498)
Solution 1: The
Grange
1. As farmers’ problems
mounted, many joined
together to work on
solutions. (499)
2. How did cooperative
stores work? (499)
They purchased in large
2. What happened to the amounts to buy at a
price farmers could
lower price.
charge for crops when
their supply (how many 3. What were railroads
they had) outpaced (was doing that the Grange tried
more than) the demand? to end? (499)
(pg 498)
Charging more for long
Movement of farmers and
railroads into the plains.
Farmers and
Reform
hauls than for short ones.
Prices fell.
(Continued on back)
(Continued on back)
Solution 2: The Solution 3: The
Southern
Populists
Farmers’ Alliance
1. The SFA was more
politically active than
the Grange. (500)
2. Merchants who did
not participate in the
Alliance system would
often dropped prices
to compete with the
Alliance co-ops. (500)
3. What else caused
Alliance stores to
struggle? (500)
Sold goods for cash not
credit.
(Continued on back)
1. The Democrats
failure to back the
Sub Treasury Plan
prompted Alliance
members to form the
People’s Party
commonly called the
Populist Party. (501)
2. What 3 things did
the Populists want?
(502)
a. reduce influence of
big business on
government.
b. Government
ownership of
railroads and the
telephone and
telegraph systems.
(Continued on back)
Farmers Demand
Reform Continued
The Grange
Continued
Southern
Farmers’ Alliance
Continued
3. In the 1880s how
much could a cotton
farmer expect to make
for each pound of
cotton? (His profit=costselling price) (pg 498)
4. Because of pressure
from the Grange, the state
passed laws to regulate
or control railroads. (500)
4. What was pooling?
(500) Combining efforts
10-8=2 cents per pound
4. When farmers tried to
overcome foreign
competition, high
interest rates and
droughts by growing
more crops, the result
was overproduction and
prices fell. (pg 499)
5. Even as they earned
less, farmers had to pay
more for goods and
services they needed to
operate. (pg 499)
6. When crop prices
continued to drop,
farmers struggled to
meet ends.
to prevent competition
between companies.
The Populists
Continued
3. An 8 hour
workday and an
increase in the
money supply.
5. In spite of the
different groups
efforts, farmers
continued to face
problems.
(502)
Texas in the Age of Reform
Chapter 24 Section 2
Name: _______________________________ Read pages 503-506
1. What does it mean to REFORM something? _________________________________________(glossary)
2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in the state of Texas. Tell why it
should be REFORMED.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Government and Reform
Government & Big
Business
1. By the late 1800’s many
railroad companies, oil companies
and other businesses provided new
jobs, products and services but
some Texans worried that (503)
might have become to powerful.
2. What is a monopoly? (503)
Sole economic control of a field
in business.
Hogg As
Governor
1. What position was Hogg
elected to in 1890? (505)
Governor
2. His administration pushed
for laws regulation business
which became known as Hogg
Laws. (505)
3. Under the leadership of
Hogg and other party leaders,
3. A monopoly eliminates
which party dominated Texas
competition, giving a corporation politics? (505)
the ability to control prices.
Democrats
Farmer
Jim
1. Ferguson gained the support
of the state’s poor particularly
its tenant farmers by working
for reform. (506)
2. Name the important reforms
that were passed while he was
governor. (506)
a. limit rents charged to tenet
farmers.
b. aid to rural schools and
more funds to colleges.
c. established a highway
department in 1917 to
improve railroads.
(503)
(continued on back)
(continued on back)
Government & BB
Continued
4. Because of monopolies, Texans
often (503-504) paid more for
goods.
5. James Hogg was elected
Attorney General of Texas in
1886. (504)
6. He brought lawsuits against
companies for unfair business
practices. (504)
7. He forced many insurance
companies that were engaged in
illegal activities to stop (504)
operating in Texas.
Farmer Jim
Continued
3. As governor, Ferguson
developed some powerful
enemies who accused him of
misusing state funds.
(506)
4. In his second term as
governor he vetoed most of the
funding for the University of
Texas because school officials
did not fire certain faculty
members. (506)
5. Many Texans disapproved of
the veto, and some wanted him
removed from office. (506)
6. The Texas House of Rep.
impeached the governor in
1917, filing 21 charges against
him. (506)
7. The Senate found the
governor guilty of 10 charges.
(506)
Texas in the Age of Reform
Chapter 24 Section 3
Name: _______________________________ Read pages 507-510
1. What does it mean to REFORM something? __________________________________________(glossary)
2. Describe something you think needs to be REFORMED in the United States of America. Tell
why it should be REFORMED.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Progressives and Reform
Government
Reforms
Workplace and Health
Reforms
1. What were reformers
called in the 1900s? (507)
Progressives
2. What does progressive
mean? (507) Forward
looking.
3. Progressives tackled a
variety of issues, including
election reform. (507)
4. The Terrell Election Law
attacked election fraud by
requiring the use of official
ballots.(507)
5. What did the Seventeenth
Amendment do? (507)
Vote directly for U.S.
Senators.
1. Progressives fought for:
(509) a. higher wages.
b. better working conditions.
c. shorter work week.
(continued on back)
(continued on back)
Education
Reform
1. Texas ranked near the bottom
of the nation in education. (509)
2. Teachers were often untrained
and schools lacked the proper
resources and facilities. (509)
2. Progressives also opposed
3. In the late 1800s the state
child labor. (509)
established several schools to
3. List the conditions children
train teachers.(509)
worked under. (509)
4. In 1915 the legislature passed a
a. long work hours.
law requiring school attendance
b. little education.
which led to more children going
c. little exercise.
to school. (510)
d________________________ 5. How did the reforms change the
e. _______________________ lives of Texas women? (510)
4. When did Texas pass its first The gained access to education
child labor law? (509) 1903
and could attend college.
(continued on back)
Government
Reforms Continued
6. Another of the
progressives’ goals was to
make local government
more efficient.(507)
7. After the Galveston
hurricane many people felt
that the government could
not cope with the
disaster.508)
8. To rebuild the city, a new
form of local government
called the commission plan
was established. (508)
9. Under the commission
plan, each commissioner
supervises different city
services.(508)
10. Emphasis was placed
more on knowledge of city
services and less on politics.
(508)
Workplace & Health
Reforms Continued
Education
Reform Continued
5. Progressives also worried
about unregulated food and
drugs because eating poorly
processed food or taking unsafe
medications made people sick.
(509)
6. As educational opportunities for
women increased, so too did their
job prospects.(510)
6. These laws led to increased
cost for businesses that had to
meet the higher standards but
most Texans agreed that the
benefits outweighed the costs
because the laws helped
improve the lives and health of
many in the state. (509)
7. Which 2 groups did not benefit
from education reform? (510)
a. African Americans
b. Mexican Americans
8. Because of separate funding
based on race many AA’s and
MA’s did not have equal
educational opportunities. (510)
9. AA’s seeking to earn law or
medical degrees had to attend out
of state schools.
(510)
Texas in the Age of Reform
Chapter 24 Section 4
Name: _______________________________ Read pages 511-513
1. What does it mean to REFORM something? _______________________________________(glossary)
2. Pick one of the REFORMS you thought about on the other pages and tell how you would go
about making it happen. For example: If the REFORM you wanted to see was more time for lunch
each day, how would you get that to happen? Organize the students, appeal to the parents, petition,
write your
legislators?______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Women and the Progressive
Movement
The
Temperance
Movement
The
Suffrage Movement
1. What was the Temperance
Movement?(511)
People needed to drink less
alcohol.
2. What was Prohibition?
(511)
1. Besides prohibition list the
other things women fought for:
(512)
a. working mothers’ rights.
b. limit child labor.
c. food safety
d. school attendance
Banning of the manufacture,
distribution and sale of
alcohol.
3. The 18th Amendment
won the support of enough
state legislatures to be
ratified in 1919. (512)
(continued on back)
Limits
Of
Reform
1. Which group of women were
also fighting for reforms but not
always welcomed by white
reformers? (513)
African Americans and Mexican
Americans.
2. Who was Christia Adair? (513)
A black women who worked for
2. An overriding issue for
suffrage and equal rights.
women of the time was the
3.Who was Jovita Idar? (513) A
effort to gain the right to vote. Mexican American woman who
(512)
worked for Mexican American
rights.
(continued on back)
(continued on back)
Temperance
Movement Continued
Suffrage Movement
Continued
4. The manufacture and sale
of alcohol became illegal
throughout the nation in
1920. (512)
3. What did the Nineteenth
Amendment say? (512)
Gave women the right to vote
(suffrage.)
.
Limits of Reform
Continued
4. Voting in local Democratic
primary elections was restricted to
white Texans only.(513)
5. In 1902 Texas began to require
a poll tax or a tax on voting. (513)
th
4. When was the 19
6. This resulted in poor Texans,
Amendment passed? 1920(512) many of whom were African
American and Mexican
5. What issues did the
American not being able to afford
Women’s Joint Legislative
to vote. (513)
Council focus on? (512)
7. The state passed more Jim
a. education
Crow laws during the early 1900s.
b. prison reform
List the areas that were
c. child labor issues
segregated, separating African
Americans and whites. (513)
a. public facilities
b. restaurants
c. hotels
d. drinking fountations
e. housing
8. Increased racial hostility
sometimes led to the lynching or
hanging-of black citizens. (513)
9. Many years would go by before
the laws were passed to help
protect the rights of African
Americans in Texas. (513)