•Read along with Chapter 20 in text
•Review Vocabulary assignment
Environmental
Survey
ECOLOGY

The study of the
relationships
among organisms
in an environment.
 Parasitism
 Mutualism
 Commensalism
Symbioses
(relationships among living things)
1. Parasitism –
relationship in which
an organism lives in
or on another
organism and causes
harm
 Ectoparasite
 Endoparasite
2. Mutualism
A relationship where
both organisms
benefit
Mutualism




Clown Fish / Anemone
The anemone gets food
particles from the fish
leftovers
The fish receives
protection from the
anemone’s tentacles
The clown fish is
unharmed by the toxins
in the stinger



Insects / Flowers
The insects receive
nectar from the flower
The flower uses the
insects to carry pollen to
other flowers for
reproduction
3. Commensalism
A relationship where one organism benefits and the
other is unaffected
Commensalism



The whale species /
barnacle
The whale is neither
helped or harmed
The sedentary barnacle
has a place to live and
get a variety of food



Tropical Birds/ Army
ants
Ant are unaffected by
birds following them as
they look for food
Other insects that flee
from the army ants are
quickly eaten by the
birds.
Biotic vs. Abiotic
Biotic vs.





Vegetation
Animals
Fungi
Bacteria
Algae
Abiotic






Rocks
Gases
Water
Hydrocarbons
Toxins
Sun

Heterotroph
(consumer)
Omnivore
 Carnivore
 Herbivore


Autotroph (producer)

Decomposer
Trophisms
“How one eats”
Feeding
relationships
among producers,
consumers and
decomposers
Producers are the foundation
Primary, secondary and tertiary
consumers are the body
Decomposers break down
organisms that have died.
BIOMASS


Amount of energy
that can be passed
along among
organisms in an
ecosystem
Highest with
producers, lowest
at the top with
carnivores
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TE6wqG4nb3M&feature=related
Invasive Species
“non – native”
Describes a species that has
been introduced into an area
that does not belong there !!
Invasive Species :



Upset the balance of the food web in an
eco – system
Can cause extinctions of “keystone
species”
Result in collapse of food web –
destruction of an ecosystem.
Emerald Ash Borer
ZEBRA MUSSELS
Zebra Mussel Damage




Water treatment
out flow
Boat engines
Locks / dams
Mussel filter
water, no food for
smaller plankton
Zebras and Goby Fish
in Lake Erie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxxgflwX2Fg
The Bullfrog !!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YwEL3fwsvIA&feature=related
Other Common Invasives


Northern Snakehead
Asian Carp
Last but not least…
The most invasive of all…
The Cane Toad
Invasive Species Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How does the Ash borer larvae affect the Ash
tree?
Why is firewood a concern in preventing the
spread of the Ash Borer?
How did the zebra mussel arrive in the US?
Describe the destructive relationship between
the Zebra mussel and Goby fish in Lake Erie.
List some of the negative health affects that
result from lake fish consumption.
6. How could the spread of the Northern
Snakehead result in ecological destruction of
fresh water ecosystems?
7. Explain 2 negative affects of the Asian Carp on
the Illinois River.
8. How did the bullfrogs in France affect local
ponds?
9. Why was the Cane toad brought to Queensland
AUS?
10. Describe some of the negative affects observed
by the cane toad in AUS?
As a result of illegal importing, a cane toad was
brought into swpa. The toad escaped into the
stream at Richardson Park. Compose a 2
paragraph essay explaining:
1. How the introduction of the cane toad will
affect the local ecosystem?
2. How could the invasive toad population be
controlled?