The Puritan Plain Style
Huswifery
To My Dear and Loving Husband
Edward Taylor
1642 - 1729
• Puritanism was a religious reform movement
that began in England in the sixteenth century.
• The Puritans sought to reform the Church of
England and to reshape English society
according to their beliefs.
• These efforts led to both civil strife and
government persecution of the Puritans.
• In response, many Puritans, including Edward
Taylor, fled to American colonies.
Edward Taylor
• Edward Taylor had worked as a teacher in England.
• Upon arriving in Boston in 1668, Taylor entered
Harvard College as a sophomore, graduating in
1671.
• After graduation, he accepted the position of
minister and physician in the small frontier farming
community of Westfield, Mass.
• He then walked more than one hundred miles, much
of it through snow, to his new home.
Edward Taylor
• Experience many hardships including
personal tragedies.
• Five of his eight children died in infancy.
• His wife died when she was still a young
woman.
• He remarried and had five or six more
children. (Biographies differ on the number).
Edward Taylor
• Is now generally regarded as the best of the North American
colonial poets.
• Yet because he thought of his poetry as a form of personal
worship, he allowed only two stanzas to be published during
his lifetime.
• In 1833, one of his descendants gave Taylor’s writings to
Yale University, and in 1939, The Political Works of Edward
Taylor was published.
• Most of Taylor’s poetry, including “Huswifery,” uses
extravagant comparisons, intellectual wit, and subtle
argument to explore religious faith and affection.
Anne Bradstreet
1612-1672
• Arrived with her husband in the Massachusetts Bay
Colony in 1630 when she was only eighteen.
• Armed with convictions of her Puritan upbringing,
she left behind her hometown of Northampton,
England to start afresh in America.
• It was not an easy life for Bradstreet, who raised
eight children and faced many hardships
Anne Bradstreet
• Anne wrote for herself, not for publication.
• In 1650, her brother-in-law, John Woodbridge,
arranged for the publication in England of a
collection of her scholarly poems, The Tenth Muse
Lately Sprung Up in America, By a Gentlewoman of
Those Parts.
• Generally considered to be the first collection of original
poetry written in colonial America.
• The book examined the rights of women to express
themselves.
Anne Bradstreet
• Bradstreet’s later poems, such as “To My Dear and
Loving Husband,” are more personal, expressing her
feelings about the joys and difficulties of everyday
Puritan life.
• In one she wrote about her thoughts before giving birth.
• In another, she wrote about the death of a grandchild.
• Bradstreet’s poetry reflects the Puritan’s knowledge
of the stories and language of the Bible, as well as
their concern for the relationship between earthly
and heavenly life.
• Her work also exhibits some of the characteristics of
the French and English poetry of her day.
Puritans
• Unlike most of us today, the Puritans had few
possessions, dressed uniformly, and frowned on
creative expression.
• Because they left so few personal belongings behind,
they remain a mystery.
• These poems provide us with glimpses into the
poets’ inner lives
• They show the universal emotions individual
Puritans experienced within the confines of their
culture.
Puritan Plain Style
• Writing style reflects the plain style of their lives –
spare, simple, straightforward.
• The Puritan Plain Style is characterized by short
words, direct statements, and references to ordinary,
everyday objects.
• Puritans believed that poetry should serve God by
clearly expressing only useful or religious ideas.
• Poetry appealing to the senses or emotions was
viewed as dangerous.
Comparing Literary Works
• The poems by Taylor and Bradstreet are both
expressions of devotion, but they are very
different in the way they address the beloved.
• Taylor use apostrophe- a figure of speech in
which a speaker directly addresses a person who
is dead or not physically present, a personified
object, or non-human thing, or an abstract quality
or idea.
• Line 1: Make me, O Lord, Thy spinning wheel
complete.
Comparing Literary Works
• By contrast, the title of Bradstreet’s poem
indicates that the speaker is addressing her
husband, but the poem contains no
apostrophe.
• As you read, look for ways in which each
poem reflects a distinct relationship between
the speaker and his or her object of affection.
Reading Strategy
Paraphrasing
• Although these poems capture the simplicity of
Puritan life, they are not necessarily simple to
understand.
• To help you better absorb the meaning of each poem,
take time to paraphrase, or restate in your own
words, the ideas expressed by each poet.
• Because it helps to clarify meaning, paraphrasing
will allow you to make accurate statements about
each poet’s ideas.
• Use the graphic organizer provided to help organize
your paraphrases.
Vocabulary
• recompense: n. Repayment; something given
or done in return for something else.
• manifold: adv. In many ways
• persevere: v. persist; be steadfast in purpose.
Puritan Names
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Learn-Wisdom
Hate-evil
Assurance
Tribulation
Merciful
Stedfast
Renewed
Safe-on-Heighe
Rejoyce
Increased
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Sin-denie
Sorry-for-sin
No-merit
Continent
Accepted
Thankful
More-fruite
Faint-not
Joy-againe
From-above
Free-gift
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Reformation
Earth
Dust
Ashes
Ashes
Delivery
The-Lord-is-Near
Discipline
Purific
Hopeful
Faith-my-joy
Original
Restraint
Zeal-of-the-Land
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Called
Meek
Approved
Be-courteous
Elected
Arise
Sincere
Wrestling
Remember
Peaceable
Revolt
Supply
Pardon
What-God-Will
Given
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Perseverance
Contemplation
Love
Humanity
Clemency
Justice
Truth
Silence
Experience
Endure
Obedience
Victory
Confidence
Comfort
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Repentence
Humiliation
Humility
Abstinence
Humble
Godly
Lively
Faithful
Magnify
Give-thanks
Be-strong
Sin-deny
Refrayne
Repent
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Return
Depend
Learn-Wysdome
Hate-evill
Hatill (Hate-ill)
Lament
Live-well
Fare-well
Free-gift
From-above
Replenish
Increase
Deliverance
Much-mercie
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Thanks
Accepted
Unfeigned
Preserved
Beloved
Joye-in-sorrow
Lamentation
Stand-fast-on-high
Aid-on-high
Restore
Helpless
Forsaken
• Flie-Fornication
A name like this would
probably be given to a
foundling or illegitimate
child, as a reminder to not
behave like their sinful
parents
• Fortune
• Wealthy
• Unity
• Providence