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2
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
VOCABULARY
 Bourgeoisie
 Proletariat
 Trade Union
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 Steel, Chemicals, Electricity, & Petroleum led the way to the
new industrial frontiers.
 Substitution of Steel for Iron was the 1 st major change in
industry between 1870 and 1914.
 1). Because new methods for shaping steel made it useful in
the building of lighter, smaller, & faster machines, engines,
railways, ships, weapons.
 G.B., France, Germany, & Belgium were the top producers of
steel in 1860.
ENERGY
 Electricity was the new form of energy.
 It was converted into Heat, Light, & Motion.
 Electricity gave birth to several new inventions.
INVENTORS
 Thomas Edison: Created the light bulb
 Joseph Swan: In G.B. Opened homes & cities to electric
lights.
 Alexander G. Bell: (1876) Invented telephone
 Guglielmo Marconi: (1901) Sent the 1 st radio waves across the
Atlantic Ocean.
BELL, SWAN, MARCONI, & EDISON
ELECTRICIT Y
 1870s: 1 st practical generators of electrical current were
developed.
 1910: Hydroelectric power stations & coal fired steam
generating plants enabled homes & factories to be tied to a
single common source of power.
 1880s: Streetcars & Subways appeared in major cities.
 What was the advantage of having lights in factories?
TRANSPORTATION
 Internal Combustion Engine provided a new source of power
for transportation.
 1). Fired by Oil & Gasoline
 It gave rise to Ocean liners, Airplanes, & Automobiles .
 Orville & Wilbur Wright is credit with the 1 st flight in 1903.
 1919: 1 st regular passenger air services established.
FORD MODEL T
ORVILLE & WILBUR WRIGHT
1 ST AIRPLANE
NEW PATTERNS
 What caused Europeans to be able to af ford more consumer
products?
1). Wages for workers increased after 1870.
2). Prices for manufactured goods were
lower, because of reduced transportation.
 What were the 2 economic zones by 1900?
A). Advanced Industrialized Core: G.B.,
Belgium, France, Netherland, Germany,
W. Austro-Hungary, N. Italy.
 B). Provide Food & Raw Materials: S. Italy, Spain,
Portugal, Balkan Kingdoms, Russia, & most of
Austria-Hungary.
URBANIZATION
MARX’S THEORY
 Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifest in
1848.
 They were appalled at the horrible conditions in factories.
 They blamed the system of Industrial Capitalism.
 There solution was a new social system called Communism
(Economic & political in which gov’t. owns almost all the
means of production).
MARX’S & ENGELS
MIDDLE CLASS
WORKING CLASS
MARXISM
 Marx believed all of World History was a “ History of class
struggles”.
 This meant one group of people – The Oppressors- owned the
means of production and thus had the power to control
government & society.
 The other group, which depended on the owners of the means
of production; were the Oppressed.
A). Oppressors: Bourgeoisie; Middle Class
B). Oppressed: Proletariat; Working Class
KARL MARL
MARXISM
 Marx predict the struggle between the 2 groups would lead to
an open revolution & the Proletariat (working class) would
overthrow the Bourgeoisie.
 The final revolution would produce a classless society.
SOCIALIST PARTIES
 Working class leaders formed Socialist parties based on
Marx’s ideas.
 German Social Democratic Party was the most important
Socialist Party in 1875.
 1912: Became the largest single party in Germany (Received
4 million votes).
TRADE UNIONS
 Workers improve their working conditions in the late 1800s &
1900s by forming organize labor groups.
 The workers protest through Strike & Sitdown Strikes.
 Strike: A work stoppage called by members of a union to
pressure an employer into meeting their demands.
 Employers tried to stop strike through Blacklist.
 Blacklist: Tactic owners used to discourage workers from
joining unions
PICTURES OF SIT DOWN STRIKES
PICTURES OF STRIKES
COMBINATION ACT
 1799 & 1800
 Stated that a person who united with others to demand higher
wages, shorter hours, or better working conditions could be
imprisoned.
 1825: Parliament passed a law that permitted laborers to
meet in order to agree on wages & hours.
 1870: Parliament legalized strikes
EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIET Y
 Lack of jobs & lack of land drove people to the cities .
 Board of Health was created to improve the quality of
housing.
 Higher paying jobs and improvement in the standard of living
caused family patterns to change between 1890 & 1914.