Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the
Seas of East Asia: A Framework for Regional Cooperation
PRESENTER:
Chua Thia-Eng, Regional Programme Director
Partnerships in Environmental Management
CONFERENCE: International Waters Workshop - A CEO Dialogue
Jointly Organized by GEF and WFEO/FIDIC
LOCATION:
Washington, DC, USA
DATE:
June 7-8, 2001
CONTACT:
IW:LEARN
4211 N. Fairfax Dr.
Arlington, VA 22207 USA
Tel: +703-522-2190
Fax: +703-522-2191
info@iwlearn.org
Building Partnerships in Environmental Management
for the Seas of East Asia: A Framework for
Regional Cooperation
Chua Thia-Eng
The East Asian Seas
Coastline:
234,000 km
Sea area:
7 million km2
Total population:
1.9 billion
Coastal population:
522 million
213 million are poor in China;
65 million in the rest of EAS
Uses of the EAS:
• food supply
• livelihood
• medicine
• energy
• minerals
• transport
• recreation
PEMSEA - multi-country, multi-sector collaboration and partnerships
shared vision
strategy
program of actions
INITIAL DRAFT
as of 25 May 2001.
Do not cite.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY
for the Seas of East Asia
A Strategic Approach to Achieving Shared Vision
Values
• Ecological
Shared Vision
• Aesthetic
• Historical and
cultural
• Recreation
Threats
• Development
• Habitat conversion
• Over-exploitation
• Land-based pollution
sources
• Oil and chemical
pollution
• Destructive fishing
practices
• Invasive species
Strategies
Action
Programs
Sustain
Action Programs
Preserve
Action Programs
Protect
Action Programs
Develop
Action Programs
Implement
Action Programs
Communicate
Action Programs
• Sea level rise
• Climate change
• Resource use
conflicts
• Uncontrolled
development
• Erosion/Siltation and
sedimentation
• Trade in endangered
species
STRATEGIC ACTION STATEMENT
The East Asian countries shall:
Ensure Sustainable use of coastal and marine resources.
Preserve species and areas of the coastal and marine environment that
are pristine or are of ecological, social or cultural significance.
Protect ecosystems, human health and society from risks occurring as
a consequence of human activities.
Develop economic activities in the coastal and marine environment
that contribute to economic prosperity and social well-being while
safeguarding ecological values.
Implement international instruments relevant to management of the
coastal and marine environment.
Communicate with stakeholders to raise public awareness, strengthen
multisectoral participation and obtain scientific support for the
sustainable development of the coastal and marine environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE SEAS OF EAST ASIA
General Principles
The environment of the Seas of East Asia should be
managed to ensure preservation of the ecosystems and
the well-being and dignity of the people of the region.
The right to development must be fulfilled so as to
equitably meet development and environmental needs
of present and future generations. (Agenda 21,
Principle 3)
Management of coastal and marine resources and the
activities affecting them should respect natural
processes and systems.
Beneficial uses of the resources shall be encouraged
and adverse uses avoided or minimized.
Basic linkages between sustainable management of
coastal and marine resources, poverty alleviation, and
protection of the marine environment should be
recognized (APEC Action Plan)
ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGY FOR THE SEAS OF EAST ASIA
General Principles
The rights of all sectors of society shall be respected and
the role of civil society recognized.
The precautionary approach shall be widely applied.
Where there are threats of serious irreversible damage,
lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a
reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent
environmental degradation. (Principle 15, Agenda 21)
Activities within one State should not cause damage by
pollution to other States and their environment. (UNCLOS,
Art. 194(2))
The
interrelationship
between
conservation
and
socioeconomic
development
implies
both
that
conservation is necessary to ensure sustainability of
development, and that socioeconomic development is
necessary for the achievement of conservation on a
lasting basis. (ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of
Nature and Natural Resources, 1985)
Supporting Implementation
1. Enabling local governments to effectively manage
coastal and marine environment and their natural
resources;
2. Promoting cross boundary, multi-sector, multiagency cooperation in managing subregional sea
areas and marine pollution hotspots;
3. Developing management related methodologies,
techniques, working models, and standards to
strengthen practical efforts in the field;
4. Providing policy support and scientific advise to
the decision-makers;
Supporting Implementation
5. Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and
linkages between related international
environmental instruments and facilitating their
integrated implementation;
6. Creating environmental investment opportunities
and integrating environment investment as an
integral part of economic development programmes;
7. Strengthening communication amongst
stakeholders, partners and the general public
Supporting Implementation 1
Enabling local governments to effectively manage coastal
and marine environment and their natural resources
Capacity Building
Internships
Regional Task Force
Demonstration Sites
Integrated Coastal Management
ICM Demonstration and
Parallel Sites
Supporting Implementation 2
Promoting cross boundary,
multi-sector, multi-agency
cooperation in managing
subregional sea areas
and marine pollution hotspots
Marine Pollution
Hot Spots
Bohai Sea
Institutional
Arrangements
Manila Bay
Risk
Assessment
Response
Environmental
Monitoring
Capacity
Building
Compensation/
Restoration
Gulf of
Thailand
Malacca
Straits
Supporting Implementation 3
Developing management related methodologies,techniques,
working models, and standards to strengthen practical
efforts in the field
Risk assessment/Risk management
Integrated Coastal Management
Integrated Information Management System (IIMS)
Sea Use Zoning Schemes
Public-Private Sector Partnerships
Marine Electronic Highway (MEH)
ISO 14001 for Local Government
Products and Services: IIMS operational structure
U
S
E
R
S
Modelling/
forecasting
software
•
•
•
•
Environmental assessment
Planning
Management
Monitoring
IIMS
Products
Remote sensing
Baseline
information
Thematic
maps
GIS
Environmental
Database
IIMS
central node
IIMS ICM/
hot spot nodes
environmental
monitoring
Marine Electronic Highway
Functional Diagram
GPS
in situ obs.
VTIS
Data
interface
Real-time
Envt’l Info
radar
Applications Module
Goals
oil spill
ENCs
3D circulation
model
- hydrodynamics
- s, T, d t
plus 3D
ecology model
- plankton
- nutrients
- sediments
- contaminants
search and rescue
tanker drift
tsunami / surge wave forecasting
tides and currents
emergency
response
electronic navigation
traffic management
fishery forecasts
ocean productivity
hazardous plankton forecasts
effluent dispersion
contaminant fate and effects
resource management
and intervention
environmental
protection
Supporting Implementation 4
Providing policy support and scientific advice to the
decision-makers
Integrated coastal management
the application of risk assessment for
environmental management
application of public sector – private sector
partnership for environmental clean-up
ecological carrying capacity
trade on marine endangered species
trade-offs between economic development and
environmental protection
Supporting Implementation 5
Identifying and demonstrating the synergies and
linkages between related international environmental
instruments and facilitating their integrated implementation
GEF
International
Conventions 21
ICM
and Agenda
International waters
• UNCLOS
• land-water use
• IMO
• UNEP
Agenda 21,
Chapter 17
Integrated management and
sustainable development of
coastal and marine areas
• contaminants
• transboundary
Integrated Coastal
Management
Sustainable
human development
• poverty
• environment
• employment
• women
• integrated policy
multiple use
• preventive and precautionary principles
• value changes
• stakeholders consultation and participation
UNDP
Global Programme of Actions on land-based
• issues identification
pollution (1995)
• national level
• regional cooperation
• international cooperation
• approaches
and assessment
• priorities
• integrated planning
and management
• strategies and action
• financing mechanism
Supporting Implementation 6
Creating environmental investment opportunities and
integrating environmental investment as an integral
part of economic development programmes
Stimulated by environmental threats
 Public health
 Ecosystem health
 Societal health
Policy and management framework
 ICM framework
 Risk management framework
 Coastal and marine policy
 Public awareness
 National and local capacity
Supporting Implementation 7
Strengthening communication and environmental
education amongst stakeholders, partners and the
general public
forming partnerships with NGOs, media and
religious groups
youth and women groups
summer camp
communication plans
videos, comics, public clean-up campaigns
Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region
Vast coastal population
Rapid coastal urbanization
Fast economic growth
Globalization
Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region
Improved standard of living
Green movement
High remedial cost
Environment Investment Opportunities in the EAS Region
Decentralization to strengthen local governance
National coastal and marine policy
Specific national target/direction
China: 40% reduction in pollution load under its
10th plan
Indonesia: 50% of coastal provinces
implementing ICM
Philippines: national coastal management plan
targets 1000 coastal municipalities
A New Paradigm in Environmental Management
Sustainable development = environmental protection
+ economic development
Partnerships
A New Paradigm in Environmental Management
Holistic, coordinated and integrated in planning
and management
Ecosystem management
Stakeholders involvement
A New Paradigm in Environmental Management
Use local governments to address environmental
problems
Use the power of science and information
technology
Use the resources and expertise of the private
sector
Use the power of civil society
Partnership between public and private sector
Create investment environment
Identify priority environmental facilities
and services
Package investment opportunities
Promote investment opportunities
Bring the two parties together into
partnership
Advantages of PEMSEA’s Approach
1. Management framework at each
PEMSEA site
2. Reduced political and investment
risks of the investors
3. Benefits of PPP process to the
private investors
4. Benefits of PPP process to the
public sector
Public-Private Sector Partnerships: EAS version
Identifying investment opportunities at
ICM sites and RA/RM ‘hot spot’ locations
Technical and economic
pre-feasibility
Defining mechanisms to
catalyze, promote and
advance environmental
investments
Round table meetings with
investors, partners and
stakeholders
Investment processes
Technologies
and Services
Synthesizing policy/regulatory
issues to create a climate
conducive to environmental
investments
Public-Private Sector Partnerships in Batangas, Philippines
CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Philippines
Batangas
Province (34
municipalities)
New Zealand
McConnell
International
Ltd.
United
Environmental
Ltd.
Batangas
Waste Inc.
SOE
Waikato
NZ Waste
Managers
Ltd.
Batangas Utilities
Development Inc.
Perry
Waste
Services
Ltd.
Sustainable Regional Mechanism
International Frameworks for
Coastal & Marine Management
Int’l Conventions
Int’l Action Plans
Regional Implementing Mechanism
Participating Countries
in the Region
Products &
Services
Technical
Assistance
Int’l, Regional Org./
Donors
Institutional
Arrangements
Marine Environment
Resource Foundation
Envt’l
Envt’l
Grants
InvestInvestand
ment
ment
Donations
Center
Fund
Private Sector
Products &
Services
Financial Arrangement for Marine Environment
Resource Foundation
Products and
Services
Grants and
Donations
Environment Investment Fund
(Investment Center)
Thank You