Conjugating a Third
Conjugation Verb
duco ducere duxi ductus
All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
duco
First Person Singular
Present Active
I lead
ducere
Present active
Infinitive
To lead
duxi
ductus
First Person Singular
Perfect Active
I have led
Perfect Passive
Participle
Having been led
Finding the Present Stem
Find the second principal part of the verb.
duco
ducere
duxi
ductus
The present stem is the second principal part – re.
ducere
- re
=
duce
Present Active Tense
In the present active tense change e on the present stem to i and add
the present active endings.
Present stem = Ducere – re = duce
duce
i
Singular
First
Person
Second
Person
Third
Person
o
I
s
you
t
he,
she,
it
Plural
mus
we
tis
you
nt
Present Active Endings
they
Present Active
First
Person
duco
Second
Person
Third
Person
ducis
duci t
I lead
I am leading
I do lead
You lead
You are leading
You do leading
He leads
He is leading
He does lead
duci mus
duci tis
ducu nt
We lead
We are leading
We do lead
You lead
You are leading
You do lead
They lead
They are leading
They do lead
Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular
and the e changes to “u” in the third person plural.
Present Passive Tense
In the present passive tense change “e” on the present stem to “i”
and add the present active endings.
Present stem = Ducere – re = duce
Singular
Plural
First
Person
or
I
mur
we
Second
Person
ris
you
mini
you
Third
Person
tur
he,
she,
it
ntur
they
Present Passive Endings
Present Passive
First
Person
ducor
I am led
duci mur
You are led
duci mini
You are led
He is led
ducu ntur
They are led
Second
Person
Third
Person
duce ris
duci tur
We are led
Nota Bene: There is no “i” in the first person singular,
the “e” is retained in the second person singular and the
“e” changes to “u” in the third person plural.
Imperfect Tense
Present Stem
Imperfect Active
+ BA
+ Present Endings
Imperfect Passive
duce bam
I led
duce bar
I was led
ducebas
You led
duce baris
You were led
He led
duce batur
He was led
We led
duce bamur
We were led
You led
duce bamini
You were led
They led
duce bantur
They were led
ducebat
duce bamus
ducebatis
duce bant
Future Tense
The sign of the future in the third declension is e.
Future Active
Future Passive
duc am
I will lead
ducar
I will be led
duces
You will lead
duceris
You will be led
ducet
He will lead
ducetur
He will be led
duc emus
We will lead
ducemur
We will be led
duc etis
You will lead
ducemini
You will be led
ducentur
They will be led
duc ent
They will lead
Nota Bene: There is an “a” in the first person singular
Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
duco
ducere
duxi
doctus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
duxi
-i
=
dux
Perfect Active Tense
The Perfect Active Tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings
Singular
First
Person
Second
Person
Third
Person
i
isti
it
Plural
I
imus
we
you
istis
you
erunt
they
he,
she,
it
Perfect Active Endings
First
Person
dux i
I led
I have led
I did lead
duximus
Second
Person
Third
Person
dux isti
dux it
You led
You have led
You did lead
He led
He has led
He did lead
Perfect Active
dux istis
dux erunt
We led
We have led
We did lead
You led
You have led
You did lead
They led
They have led
They did lead
Pluperfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ era
+ Present Endings
Pluperfect Active
duxeram
dux eras
dux erat
I had led
You had led
He had led
duxeramus
We had led
dux eratis
You had led
dux erant
They had led
Future Perfect Active Tense
Perfect Stem
+ eri
+ Present Endings
Future Perfect Active
duxero
dux eris
dux eri t
I will have led
You will have led
He will have led
duxeri mus
We will have led
dux eri tis
You will have led
dux eri nt
They will have led
Perfect Passive System
1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle
(PPP).
duco, ducere, duxi, ductus. -a. -um
2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree
with the subject of the sentence.
If
If
If
If
If
If
the
the
the
the
the
the
subject
subject
subject
subject
subject
subject
is
is
is
is
is
is
puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be ducta.
puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be ductae.
vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be ductus.
viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be ducti.
oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be ductum.
oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be ducta.
Perfect Passive Tense
PPP
+ Present Tense of Sum
Perfect Passive
ductus – a - um
sum
I have been led
ductus – a - um
es
ductus –a -um
est
He has been led
ducti –ae -a
sumus
We have been led
ducti –ae –a
estis
You have been led
sunt
They have been led
ducti – ae -a
You have been led
Pluperfect Passive Tense
PPP
+ imperfect Tense of Sum
Pluperfect Passive
ductus – a - um
eram
I had been led
ductus – a - um
eras
ductus –a -um
erat
He had been led
ducti –ae -a
eramus
We had been led
ducti –ae –a
eratis
You had been led
erant
They had been led
ducti – ae -a
You had been led
Future Perfect Passive Tense
PPP
+ Future Tense of Sum
Future Perfect Passive Tense
ductus – a - um
ero
I will have been led
ductus – a - um
eris
ductus –a -um
erit
He will have been led
ducti –ae -a
erimus
We will have been led
ducti –ae –a
eritis
You will have been led
erunt
They will have been led
ducti – ae -a
You will have been led
The ______________ tense does not use the present stem.
a. Future
b. Past Perfect
c. Imperfect
d. Present
next
Legere is the ______________ principal part of the word.
a. First
b. Second
c. Third
d. Fourth
next
legisti can be translated _____________
a. You have chosen
b. You were chosen
c. You are chosen
d. You will choose
next
Acta est can be translated _____________
a. She had been driven
b. She is driven
c. She has been driven
d. She will have been driven
Finis