Bio II Honors
Final Exam Study Guide
The test consists of 100 multiple choice questions. The breakdown on topic area is as follows:
Echinoderms 13 questions
Fish 19 questions
Amphibians 24 questions
Reptiles 14 questions
Birds 18 questions
Mammals 12 questions
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Know examples of echinoderms.
What does echinoderm mean?
What does deuterostome mean?
Know echinoderm characteristics.
What is a pedicellariae?
Where does water enter the water vascular system?
Where is the anus located on the starfish?
What are the bilaterally symmetrical larva of echinoderms known as?
What subphyla are lancelets a member of?
What are tunicates covered with?
What do echinoderms and chordates have in common?
IN most chordates what does the notochord become?
What is the difference between adult lancelets and adult tunicates?
What are the major categories of fish?
What types of fish are in class Actinopterygii?
What types of fish are in class Chondrichthyes?
In fish what does the notochord become?
Define fish.
What is the proper term for jawless fish?
What subclass did the dogfish shark belong to?
What structure do male dogfish sharks have to aid in copulation?
How many gill openings does the dogfish shark have?
What is the function of the lateral line system?
What type of development is it when the young are retained internally and nourished by a yolk sac?
What are the bony plates over a fishes fills called?
What type of tail do most sharks have? (shape)
What type of tail is best for swimming at high speeds? (shape)
What is the function of a swim bladder?
What does large gill surface area typically mean?
What does osteichthyes mean?
What is the name of the fin used to propel fish through the water?
Why is countercurrent blood flow a good anatomical design?
What does the term amphibian mean or translate to?
Why is Tiktaalik believed to be a missing link between fish and amphibians?
During what geologic era did amphibians split into two groups?
What is another name for Urodela?
Which order of amphibians contains the most species?
What does the term Anura mean?
What is the largest family of Urodelans to use cutaneous respiration?
What do male Urodelans produce for fertilization and mating?
Retention of pre-adult structures is best known as?
What does Apoda mean?
What type of sensory organs do Apodans have?
What are the two main functions of amphibian skin?
Other than remaining in water what is an easy way for amphibians to prevent desiccation?
46. How does the pulmonary loop of circulation function? (what does it carry and to where)
47. What skeletal adaptations do frogs have for jumping?
48. How do frogs and toads breathe?
49. What structure allows food to pass from the stomach to the intestine in frogs?
50. What holds the small intestines together?
51. Where is bile stored?
52. What is the function of the kidney?
53. Amphibians have how many pairs of cranial nerves?
54. What sensory organ do larval amphibians have the adults do not have?
55. What is the name of the bone in the amphibian ear?
56. Define amplexus.
57. What geologic era are the oldest reptile fossils from?
58. What is the best reason for reptiles to flourish on land?
59. By what geologic period had reptiles become the dominant land vertebrate?
60. Which reptiles achieved aerial success?
61. Why are reptiles considered the first fully terrestrial organisms?
62. White is the proper name for the white of an egg?
63. Reptile skin contains a lot of what protein? (the skin is highly ____________)
64. What waste product do reptiles excrete?
65. How are the hearts of snakes and turtles similar?
66. What lung structure is responsible for the exchange of gases?
67. How many lungs do snakes typically have?
68. What are the types of birth and which one is live birth? (know the proper terms)
69. What is the top of the chelonian shell called?
70. The movable skull of squamatans is sometimes called what?
71. How many bird species are alive today?
72. What are feathers composed of?
73. How are bird bones structured?
74. What are three similarities between dinosaurs and birds?
75. Define pygostyle.
76. How do aquatic birds conserve heat?
77. Which part of the bird brain is used for flight control?
78. Birds with forward facing eyes typically lead what type of lifestyle?
79. How are owls ears arranged?
80. What is a brood patch?
81. Define precocial.
82. Define altricial.
83. Which order of birds contains roughly 180 species with excellent hearing?
84. What order do waterfowl belong to?
85. Birds that have a syrinx are members of which order?
86. Hummingbirds and swifts are members of which order?
87. What is the scientific name of the Canada goose?
88. What is the scientific name of the Bald eagle?
89. How many species of mammal are there?
90. What are the main functions of hair?
91. Modified sweat glands in mammals are better known as what?
92. What type of organism had a single opening behind their eye socket?
93. What are the three main groups of mammals?
94. What plant material do mammals have trouble breaking down?
95. What are the characteristics of the mammalian brain?
96. What is the only marsupial in the U.S.?
97. Which order of mammal has approximately 1800 species?
98. A specialized group of carnivores that are aquatic are the what?
99. Dugongs and manatees belong to what order of mammal?
100. How many species of proboscideans are there? (as discussed in class)