How are proteins formed?
Biosynthesis is a phenomenon wherein
chemical compounds are produced from
simpler compounds. Biosynthesis takes
place within living organisms and is
generally catalyzed by enzymes.
A type of protein
Where do the proteins come from?
Protein biosynthesis
(synthesis)
is the process in which
cells build proteins
Proteins are formed in the ______________________
Proteins are composed
building blocks called______________________
1.Construction Crew
2.Building materials
3.Construction site
4.Blueprints
5.Architect
Architect’s
Nulceus
DNA
office
Blueprints
Copy ofmRNA
blueprints
By messenger
Construction
Ribosomes
rRNA
site
Building
Cytoplasm
Home
AminoDepot
acids
Building materials
Materials
tRNA
By truck
protein synthesis
Is carried out in the cell’s nucleus,
cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Directed by the DNA of the organism
Aided by molecules of RNA
Ribonucleic acid is a
nucleic acid made from a
long chains of nucleotides.
Each nucleotide consists of
a nitrogenous base, a
ribose sugar, and a
phosphate.
RNA is usually single
stranded
RNA nucleotides contain
ribose
RNA uses the nucleotide
Uracil substituted for
Thymine
Messenger RNA
is the RNA that
carries
information
from DNA to
the ribosome
Transfer RNA
transfers a
specific amino
acid to a
growing
polypeptide
chain at the
ribosomal site
Ribosomal RNA
the protein
manufacturing
machinery of all
living cells
protein synthesis
Is carried out in the cell’s nucleus,
cytoplasm, and ribosomes
Directed by the DNA of the organism
Aided by molecules of RNA
CODED
DECODED
Dr. writing a Rx
Pharmacists reading
the Rx
Producing the
“filled” prescription
EXAMPLE
DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC
Transcription occurs
mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG
the mRNA is created under the
direction of DNA
Only one of the two DNA strands is
transcribed
This strand is called the template
strand
Transcription occurs in the cell
nucleus where DNA is housed
protein synthesis
is the process that converts an
mRNA sequence into a string of
amino acids that form a protein.
when the mRNA strand moves
out of the nucleus and into the
cytoplasm.
The tRNA will deliver the appropriate amino acid in
the cytoplasm that is coded for by the mRNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a
specific protein using specific amino acids
tRNA
Polypeptide=protein
EXAMPLE
DNA READS: GTC AAG CAA GAT TAC
Transcription occurs
mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG
CONTINUED EXAMPLE
mRNA READS: CAG UUC GUU CUA AUG
Translation occurs
tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UAC
tRNA READS: GUC AAG CAA GAU UAC
Amino acids reads: val – lys – gln – asp - tyr
PRACTICE
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/prot
ein.html
protein synthesis practice