Chapter 3 Physical Activity and Fitness Lesson 3 Exploring the Circulatory System Teacher’s notes are available in the notes section of this presentation. Next >> The group of organs and tissues that act as circulatory system transfer stations carrying needed materials to cells and removing their waste products arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body veins Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins pulmonary circulation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart systemic circulation When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs blood pressure The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels In this lesson, you will be able to identify the functions of the circulatory system. describe how blood circulates through the body. recognize how to care for your circulatory system. Your Heart and Blood Vessels The circulatory system includes the heart, the blood vessels and the blood itself. circulatory system The group of organs and tissues that act as transfer stations carrying needed materials to cells and removing their waste products Is also called the cardiovascular system cardio refers to the heart vascular refers to the blood vessels. Your Heart and Blood Vessels www.teenhealth.org The Heart a muscle that acts as a pump for the circulatory system blood is pumped from the heart to the body’s cells – back to the heart usually can It beats from 60 to 100 times per minute go much faster when it needs to beats about 100,000 times a day more than 30 million times per year about 2.5 billion times in a 70-year lifetime. What Makes Up Your Blood? What Makes Up Your Blood? Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. plasma The yellowish, watery part of blood Plasma makes up over half the volume of blood. What Makes Up Your Blood? job is to transport nutrients, hormones, minerals and blood cells 92% of plasma is water Plasma White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells The body’s main defense against germs and bacteria. Helps destroy disease germs Carries oxygen to the cells throughout the body & Platelets Blood cells which help the blood to clot keeps you from losing too much blood when you bleed Your Heart and Blood Vessels heart is a muscle network of blood vessels over 80,000 miles long. The heart pumps blood around the body through a network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. arteries Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body veins Blood vessels that carry blood from all parts of the body back to the heart capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood to and from almost all body cells and connect arteries and veins The Process of Circulation The process of circulation involves pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. pulmonary refers to the lungs systemic relates to the body pulmonary circulation When blood travels from the heart, through the lungs, and back to the heart systemic circulation When oxygen-rich blood travels to all body tissues except the lungs The oxygen-rich blood also delivers other nutrients to the cells and picks up waste products from the cells www.teenhealth.org Blood Pressure A certain amount of blood pressure is needed to make blood circulate. blood pressure The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels Blood Pressure A blood pressure reading measures two numbers. example 110/70 The first is systolic pressure and the second is diastolic pressure. blood pressure The force of blood pushing against the walls of the blood vessels Systolic pressure: first number – 110 When the heart contracts pushing the blood out and into the arteries Diastolic pressure: second number – 70 When the heart relaxes (between heart beats) to refill with blood Blood Types Red blood cells are one of four types: A, B, AB, or O. Some blood types are compatible and others are not compatible. Most people’s blood contains a substance called an Rh factor, a type of protein. People who have an Rh-factor in their blood are called Rh-positive. Rh negative people do not have this substance in their blood. Rh-negative people can only receive blood donations from people who are Rh-negative. Rh-positive people can receive blood donations from either Rhpositive or Rh-negative donors. Blood Types and Compatibility Type O-negative is call a universal donor O Type Type A B Type AB Caring for Your Circulatory System Tips for Caring for Your Circulatory System Make aerobic activity a habit. Follow a balanced food plan that is low in fats. Develop strategies for managing stress. Avoid using tobacco. Caring for Your Circulatory System Make aerobic activity a habit. • Improves cardiovascular endurance, which helps the circulatory system • Increases the heart’s capacity to pump blood • Muscles receive more oxygen • Lessens fatty buildup in arteries • Helps achieve a healthy weight, which means the heart doesn’t have to work too hard Caring for Your Circulatory System Follow a balanced food plan that is low in fats. Caring for Your Circulatory System Develop strategies for managing stress. Stress can strain the heart and blood vessels Avoid using tobacco. Tobacco narrows the blood vessels, cutting down the oxygen supply Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Identify What is the function of the circulatory system? It carries the needed materials to cells and removes their waste products Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Vocabulary Define blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels. Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Explain Why can’t certain blood types be combined? because the red blood cells will clump together and block the blood vessel Lesson 3 Review What I Learned Distinguish What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? Pulmonary circulation moves blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation moves blood back and forth between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs. Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically Infer Why do you think a blood pressure reading is part of a typical medical checkup? High blood pressure is harmful to the cardiovascular system. Lesson 3 Review Thinking Critically Apply In what ways do you think building cardiovascular endurance now will benefit you later in life? Sample answer: It will make your heart stronger and help prevent fatty buildup in your arteries. 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