Introduction to Information and
Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
This material (Comp4_Unit4a) was developed by OHSU, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of
the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.
Computer Software
Learning Objectives
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Define application vs. system software. (Lecture a)
Give examples of application software focusing on
healthcare systems. (Lecture a)
Describe the functions of system software. (Lecture b)
List different types of operating systems. (Lecture b)
Explain the purpose and usage of file systems.
(Lecture c)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Software
• Collection of programs and data that tell
the computer what to do
– Made up of instructions
– Allows users to interact with the computer
• Two types of software
– Application
– System
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Application Software
• Available in different forms
– Packaged
– Custom
– Web application
– Open source
– Shareware
– Freeware
– Public domain software
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Application Software Categories
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Business
Science and Mathematics
Graphics and Multimedia
Home/Personal Use
Communications
Artificial Intelligence
Healthcare
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Business/Home Software
Word Processing
• Produces documents
• Has powerful features
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Auto-correct
Spell-check
Grammar-check
Mail merge
Tracking changes
Tables
Templates
Web page development
• Examples
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Microsoft® Word
OpenOffice™ Writer
Corel® WordPerfect
Google Docs
(hacktolive.org, 2008, GNU GPL)
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Business/Home Software
Spreadsheets
• Organizes data into
columns and rows
• Performs calculations on
the data
• Can use formulas and
functions for calculations
• Can generate graphs
and charts of data
• Examples
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Microsoft® Excel
Lotus® I-2-3
Corel® Quattro-Pro
Google Docs
OpenOffice™ Calc
(hacktolive.org, 2008, GNU GPL)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Business/Home Software
Presentation Software
• Creates visual aids for
a presentation
• Developed as a series
of slides
• Can include images,
tables, graphs
• Can include
animations, automatic
transitions
• Examples
– Microsoft ® PowerPoint
– OpenOffice ® Impress
– Apple Keynote
(hacktolive.org, 2008, GNU GPL)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Business Software
Project Management Software
• Plans and
schedules
events,
resources, and
costs of a
project
• Keeps track of
deadlines and
deliverables
• Examples
– Microsoft® Project
– FastTrack Schedule 10
– SEER-SEM®
(Hubertson, 2009, CC BY 3.0)
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Science and Mathematics
• Number-crunching
software
• Runs models and
works with large
amounts of data
• Examples:
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IBM SPSS Statistics 20
Gretl
Matlab®
Mathematica ®
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(GNU GPL, 2006)
Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Graphics and Multimedia
Software: Desktop Publishing
• Professional software used to produce highquality print documents such as textbooks,
brochures, and catalogs
• Assists with the layout, colors, and graphics
• Produces very high resolution output that is
suitable for printing
• Adobe® PageMaker ®, Adobe® FrameMaker ®,
Microsoft ® Publisher, Scribus
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Desktop Publishing Example
(Manske, 2011, GNU GPL)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
• Image-editing, photo-editing, and paint
software (professional)
– Image-editing software adds the ability to modify
existing images and pictures
– Photo-editing software is a type of image editing
software that allows users to edit and customize
digital photographs
• Adobe Photoshop®, GIMP, Inkscape
– Paint software allows graphic artists to draw pictures
and shapes
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Image Editing Example
(Emc2, 2011, GNU GPL)
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Graphics and Multimedia Software
• Video-editing
Software
– Can modify a segment of
video called a clip
– Can delete, reorder, add
special effects to clips
• Examples
– Adobe Premiere®
Elements
– Pinnacle Studio™
– OpenShot Video
Editor™
(JonOomp 2009, GNU GPL)
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Communications Software
• Many different types
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Email
IM
FTP
Web browsers
VoIP
Blogs
Wikis
(Old Marcus, 2010, MPL 1.1)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Artificial Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence is using computing to approximate
human intelligence
• Involves
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Reasoning and deduction
Knowledge Representation and Retrieval
Natural Language Processing
Perception
Learning
Planning
Motion
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Artificial Intelligence Applications
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Expert systems
Voice recognition
Robots
Email Spam filtering
Video games
Automated online help
(Raysonho, 2011, CC BY 3.0)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Healthcare Software
• Many different types
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EHRs and EMRs
Health Information Systems
Expert Systems/Decision Support Systems
Medical Office Management Systems
Patient Registries
Imaging
Telemedicine
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Computer Software
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Examples of EHRs
• EpicCare’s EHR system - http://www.epic.com/softwareindex.php
• General Electric’s Centricity Enterprise EHR system https://www2.gehealthcare.com/portal/site/usen/gehchome/
• The Veteran Administration (VA) VistA (Veterans Health
Information Systems and Technology Architecture) http://www.ehealth.va.gov/EHEALTH/CPRS_demo.asp
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Computer Software
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VistA
(US Department of VA, 2007, PD-US)
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Computer Software
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Expert Systems
• IBM Watson will be used for decision making in
healthcare
• DxPlain (Massachusetts General Hospital)
provides diagnosis support and disease
reference
• MYCIN (Stanford) provided support for bacteria
identification and antibiotic recommendations
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Medical Office Management
Systems
(Miller, 2009, GNU GPL)
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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Medical Imaging
(alchueyr, 2010, GNU GPL))
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Telemedicine
• Clinical medicine
where consultations
and procedures are
managed remotely
(Mco44, 2008, PD-US).
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Computer Software
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Software Components
• Code
– Programming statements/instructions that make the program
work
– Example: the .exe file run by a user
• Files
– Data stored on disk that is used by a program
– Example: the .doc files that Microsoft® Word uses
• Database
– Stores and retrieves data
– Example: EMRs store data in a database
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Different Hardware Needs
• High-resolution graphics and video software (including audio)
– Good graphics card with its own memory
– Fast processor with large RAM
– Good monitor
– Good speakers
– Large secondary storage
• Data intensive applications
– Fast processor with large RAM
– Large secondary storage
• Software specs list minimum hardware requirements
Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Introduction to Information and Computer Science
Computer Software
Lecture a
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How to Install/Uninstall
• Installing software depends on how it is received
– Purchase an install disk—put in drive and it
will install
– Download—run downloaded installer
• Uninstalling
– Add/Remove Programs on the control panel
menu (Windows)
– Drag icon to the trash (Mac)
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Ethical Considerations
• Software that isn’t open source or public
domain has a copyright
• Most software has a license
– Allows user to install one instance
– Read license to see if it allows more
– Cannot distribute copies to friends
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Computer Software
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Computer Software
Summary - Lecture a
• Software makes computers useful
• Two types of software
– Application
– System
• Application software is vast and varied
– Many types
– Available in different forms
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Computer Software
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Computer Software
References – Lecture a
References
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Barnett GO, Cimino JJ, Hupp JA, Hoffer EP. (1987). DXplain. An evolving diagnostic support system. JAMA.,
258(1), 67 - 74.
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Evans A, Martin K, Poatsey MA (2010). Chapter 4: Application Software: Programs That Let You Work and Play.
In: Technology in Action: Complete. 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
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Gretl [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Oct 17; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http://gretl.sourceforge.net/
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IBM Systems and Technology . Watson--A System Designed for Answers. (2011, February). Retrieved from
the IBM Corporation website:
http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pow03061usen/POW03061USEN.PDF.
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Inkscape [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 11; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from: http://inkscape.org/
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Morley Deborah, Parker Charles S. (2010). Chapter 5: Application Software. In: Understanding Computers
Today and Tomorrow. 12th ed. Boston: Course Technology.
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Mozilla Thunderbird Project [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from:
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/thunderbird.
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Mycin [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 8; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycin.
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OpenOffice.org: The Free and Open Productivity Suite. 2011; [updated 2011 Oct 14; cited 2011 Nov 11].
Available from: http://www.openoffice.org/.
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Scribus [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cite 2011 Nov 12]. Available from:
http://www.scribus.net/canvas/Scribus
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SEER-SEM [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Nov 12; cited 2011 Nov 12]. Available from:
http://www.galorath.com/index.php/products/software/C5/ .
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Shelley GB, Vermaat ME (2010). Chapter 3: Application Software. In: Discovering Computers 2011: Introductory.
1st ed. Boston: Course Technology.
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OpenShot [Webpage]. [updated 2011 Oct 16; cited 2011 Nov 11]. Available from: http://www.openshotvideo.com/
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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Computer Software
Images - Lecture a
Images
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Slide 6: Open Office Writer Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive.org (c 2008) [Updated 7/5/2011; cited
11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenOffice.org_Writer.png.
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Slide 7: Open Office Calc Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive.org (c 2008) [Updated 11/8/2008; cited
11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenOffice.org_Calc.png.
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Slide 8: Open Office Impress Image [image on the Internet]. hacktolive.org (c 2008). [Updated 11/8/2008; cited
11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenOffice.org_Impress.png.
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Slide 9: SEER - SEM Image [image on the Internet]. Hubertson, E. (c 2009). [Updated 4/21/2008; cited
11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seer3.jpg. (CC BY 3.0).
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Slide 10: Gretl Image [image on the Internet]. c 2006 [Updated 8/1/2006; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gretl_screenshot.png. (GNU GPL).
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Slide 12: Scribus Image [image on the Internet]. Manske, M (c 2008). [Updated 3/5/2009; cited 11/8/2011].
Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scribus-1.3-Linux.png. (GNU GPL).
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Slide 14: Inkscape Image [image on the Internet]. Emc2 (c 2006). [Updated 4/8/2006; cited 11/8/2011]. Available
from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inkscape_screenshot.png. (GNU GPL).
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Slide 15: OpenShot Image [image on the Internet]. JonOomp (c 2009) [Updated 9/21/2009; cited 11/8/2011].
Available from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Screenshot_of_OpenShot.png. (GNU GPL).
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Slide 16: Thunderbird Image [image on the Internet]. Old Marcus (c2010) [Updated 2/11/2010; cited 11/8/2011].
Available from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mozilla-thunderbird-3.0.1.png. (MPL 1.1).
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Slide 18: IBM Watson Image [image on the Internet]. Raysonho (c 2011) [Updated 4/20/2011; cited 11/8/2011].
Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IBMWatson.jpg. (CC BY 3.0).
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Computer Software
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Computer Software
Images - Lecture a
Images
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Slide 21: VistA screenshot showing lab result values graphed over time for a particular patient. Image [image on
the Internet]. US Dept. of VA (c 2007). [Updated 10/29/2007; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VistA_Img.png. (PD-US).
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Slide 22: Screenshot of the OpenEMR scheduling calendar. Image [image on the Internet]. Miller, B. (c 2009).
[Updated 11/28/2009; cited 11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:OpenEMR-Calendar.jpg.
(GNU GPL).
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Slide 23: Medical Imaging Image [image on the Internet]. alchueyr, T. (c 2010). [Updated 2/7/2010; cited
11/8/2011]. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Invesalius3_promed0446.png. (GNU GPL).
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Slide 24: Telemedicine Image [image on the Internet]. Mco44 (c 2008). [Updated 2/19/2009; cited 11/8/2011].
Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CT_viewer_Chest_Keosys.JPG. (PD-US).
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Computer Software
Lecture a
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