Flip Chart #1
Present Tense Regular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
(SIDE Verbs)
ser/ir/dar/estar & ver
Present Progressive Tense
Formulas (ir + a + infinitive) (tener + que + infinitive)
Articles
Pronouns
Adjectives
-
-ar
o
amos
as
a
an
o
es
e
-er
emos
en
-ir
o
imos
es
e
en
Hablar (to talk)
Comer (to eat)
Escribir (to write)
yo hablo
yo como
yo escribo
nosotros hablamos
tú hablas
él habla
nosotros comemos
tú comes
ellos hablan
él come
nosotros escribimos
tú escribes
ellos comen
él escribe
ellos escriben
Irregular Verbs (ser, estar,ir, dar, ver, oir, saber, conocer)
SER* to be
Estar* to be
soy
eres
es
somos
son
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
*Ser used for a permanent condition.
COP (Characteristic, Origin, Profession)
** Estar used for location, feelings, illness, things that change.
LoCo (Location & Condition)
Ir:
to go
Dar:
to give
Ver:
to see
voy
vas
va
vamos
doy
das
da
damos
veo
ves
ve
vemos
Oir:
Oigo
oyes
to hear
Oímos
Saber: to know
sé
sabemos
sabes
Conocer:
conozco
conoces
to know
oye
Oyen
sabe
conoce
conocen
van
dan
saben
Saber vs Conocer (both have irregular yo forms)
saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something,
something by heart)
conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)
ven
conocemos
Present Progressive
 The present participle is the "-ing" form of a verb.
 To form the present progressive in Spanish, combine a form
of "estar" with the present participle.
 Formula is :
form of “estar” conjugated + participle (ar verb ending in-ando)
(er/ir verb ending in-iendo)
 Examples:
 They are dancing.
 I am eating.
Estar*
to be
estoy
estás
está
estamos
están
(Ellos) Están bailando.
(Yo) Estoy comiendo.
In Spanish, many useful expressions are formed by combining two verbs. When
this occurs, the first verb is conjugated, while the second verb remains in the
infinitive form.
One such expression combines the verb ir (conjugated) with an
infinitive. The preposition "a" is always used. The formula is:
ir + a + infinitive = to be going to do something (in the near future)
Remember from the previous page how to conjugate the verb ir:
yo voy
tú vas
él va
nosotros vamos
ellos van
Tener + que + infinitive is one way to express obligation or necessity. This
expression can be translated as "someone has to do something." Tener is
conjugated according to the subject of the sentence.
yo tengo
tú tienes
él tiene
Tengo que comer las verduras.
Ángel tiene que leer el periódico.
Ellos tienen que comprar una revista.
nosotros
tenemos
ellos tienen
I have to eat the vegetables.
Ángel has to read the newspaper.
They have to buy a magazine.
Subject pronouns A word which is used in place of a noun and from which it takes its gender and number.
singular
plural
yo
I
nosotros,
nosotras
tú
you (familiar)
usted
él
you (formal)
he
ustedes
ellos
they (masc.)
ella
she
ellas
they (fem.)
we
Note the accent marks over tú [to
distinguish it from tu meaning “your”]
and él [to distinguish it from el
meaning “the”].
Subject pronouns are used as the
subject of a verb (the verb may be
implied)
The masculine forms nosotros and ellos are used when referring to a group of males and females; the
feminine forms nosotras and ellas are used only when the group consists entirely of females.
Demonstrative pronouns “This & these both have t’s that & those don’t!”
éste
ésta
esto
ése
ésa
eso
aquél
aquélla
aquello
singular
this one
this one
this
that one
that one
that
that one
that one
that
éstos
éstas
plural
these
these
ésos
ésas
those
those
aquéllos those
aquéllas those
Demonstrative pronouns point out something (this, these, that, those). In English, we usually just make
two distinctions: between this thing (close by) and that thing (in the distance, or close to the person
spoken to). In Spanish, three distinctions are usually made: éste (this thing close by), ése (that thing
close to the person spoken to) and aquél (that thing in the distance).
Articles In English, the definite article is the word "the" regardless of whether the noun it introduces is singular or
plural. In Spanish, the definite article has 4 forms, depending on whether the noun is masculine,
feminine, singular or plural.
The 4 forms of the definite article are: “¿Puedo tener la galleta?”Can I have the cookie?
el
masculine singular
los
masculine plural
la
feminine singular
las
feminine plural
In English, the indefinite article is the word "a," "an," or "some." “¿Puedo tener una galleta?” Can I have a cookie?
The 4 forms of the indefinite article are:
un
masculine singular
una
feminine singular
unos
unas
masculine plural
feminine plural
The difference between the definite and indefinite articles is the difference between talking about a specific cookie, or
any old cookie at all.
Adjective
A word which is used to describe a noun to indicate a quality or to determine or limit the noun.
Examples of descriptive adjectives are inteligente (intelligent ), pequeño/-a (small).
Most adjectives have both masculine and feminine, singular and plural forms: the “masculine” vowel is -o,
and the “feminine” one is -a. An -s is added to either vowel to form the plural. Nouns that end in a consonant
form the plural by adding –es.
Adjectives ending in an “e” do not change with gender.
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive adjectives are used to show ownership. Possessive adjectives agree with the
nouns they modify. That is, they agree with the thing possessed, not the possessor. Mi, tu and su do not have
masculine and feminine forms. They stay the same, regardless of the gender of the nouns they modify.
There are 4 possessive adjectives.
mi
tu
su
nuestro
my
yours
his/hers
our
Nuestro has four forms:
nuestro
our
nuestra
our
nuestros
ours
nuestras
ours
Three possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su) have only two
forms, singular and plural.
mi hermana
tu hermana
su hermana
ex:
ex:
ex:
ex:
mis
tus
sus
our brother
our sister
our brothers
our sisters
my
yours
his/hers
nuestro hermano
nuestra hermana
nuestros hermanos
nuerstras hermanas
mis hermanas
tus hermanas
sus hermanas