REVOLUTIONS
• THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION, OR
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, 1688-1689
• THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 17751783
• THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 17891799
• THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION, 17911804
• LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS,
1808-1825
GPS
• SSWH14 The student will analyze
the Age of Revolutions and
Rebellions.
• b. Identify the causes and results of
the revolutions in England (1689),
United States (1776), France (1789),
Haiti (1791), and Latin America
(1808-1825).
ENGLISH REVOLUTION,
1689
• AKA, Glorious Revolution, also called
Revolution of 1688, or Bloodless Revolution
• In English history, the events of 1688–89
that resulted in the overthrow of James II,
STUART DYNASTY
• RESULT: accession (rise) of his daughter
Mary II and her husband, William III, prince
of Orange and stadholder of the
Netherlands, as KING AND QUEEN OF
ENGLAND.
CAUSES
• 1. JAMES II-RCC AND APPOINTED RCC TO
POSITIONS
• 2. SECOND WIFE-SON, WHO WOULD BE
HEIR AND RCC-ENGLISH PROTESTANTS
OPPOSED RCC AND SUCCESSORS
• 3. PROTESTANTS ASKED MARY, JAMES II’S
DAUGHTER, AND HER HUSBAND, WILLIAM
OF ORANGE, KING IN NETHERLANDS AND
PROTESTANT, TO BE KING
• 4. IDEAS OF ENLIGHTENMENT
RESULTS
• 1. WILLIAM AND MARY BECOME
KING AND QUEEN (WILLIAM II AND
MARY 11)
• 2. ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS
SIGNED.
• 3. END OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
IN ENGLAND
• 4. BEGINNING OF LIMITED
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
• 5. RULE BY BRITISH PARLIAMENT, GOVERNING
BODY
• SPECIFICS
• A. no suspending of Parliament's laws
•
B. no levying of taxes without a specific grant from
Parliament
•
C. no interfering with freedom of speech in
Parliament
• D. no penalty for a citizen who petitions the king
about grievances
• E. MORE DEMOCRACY IN ENGLAND, UK
•
http://www.hulu.com/watch/203098/biography-louis-x...
THE AMERICAN
REVOLUTION, 1775-1783
• The Revolutionary War; The War for American
Independence
• political upheaval in which the thirteen British
colonies in North America joined together to break
from the British Empire, combining to become the
United States of America
• ENGLAND VS. BRITISH AMERICAN COLONIES:
COLONIES WIN! RESULT: USA
• “The shot heard ‘round the world”, Battles of
Lexington and Concord, Mass., 1775
• The colonies rejected the authority of the British
Parliament and King George III.
CAUSES
• The American Revolution was
the result of a series of social,
political, and intellectual
transformations in American
society, government, and ways
of thinking
CAUSES
• 1 Effects of the French & Indian War (WAR
BETWEEN FR AND UK OVER N. AMERICA…TRADE,
LAND, RESOURCES, ETC.)
• 2 Proclamation of 1763, NO SETTLEMENT WEST OF
APPALACHIAN MTNS.
• 3 IDEAS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT, The Rise of
Liberalism (political philosophy centered on the
unalienable rights of the individual, such as liberal
ideals of freedom of speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of religion and Republicanism (ELECTED
GOVT AND RULE OF LAW, SOVEREIGNTY IN THE
PEOPLE AND NOT THE MONARCH)
• 4 TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION!
RESULTS
• 1. Treaty of Paris 1783, Treaty that ended the American
Revolution
• a. What did the Treaty of Paris 1783 say?
• 1) The English colonies in British North America are
independent from England
• 2) New nation: United States of America.
• 3) The treaty created the borders for the U.S.A.; which
were!!
•
North – to the Great Lakes
•
South – to, but not including, Florida
•
West – to the Mississippi River
•
East – to the Atlantic Ocean
•
SEE WEBSITE ON EXPANSION OF USA
•
http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/americanrevolution#american-revolution
THE FRENCH
REVOLUTION
• 1 Period of radical social and political unrest,
upheaval in France
• 2 The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for
centuries collapsed within three years
• 3 French society underwent an epic transformation
as aristocratic and religious privileges stopped
under a sustained assault from radical political
groups, masses on the streets, and peasants in the
countryside
• “It was the best of times; it was the worst of
times…” Charles Dickens, A TALE OF TWO CITIES
• Old ideas about tradition and
hierarchy–of monarchy, aristocracy,
and religious authority–were
abruptly overthrown
• Enlightenment principles of equality,
citizenship, and inalienable (cannot
be taken away) rights began
• LOUIS XVI
• QUEEN MARIE
ANTOINETTE
SOCIETY IN FRANCE,
THE OLD REGIME
• 1ST ESTATE
• 2ND ESTATE
• 3RD ESTATE
• What Is the Third Estate?
• French thinker and clergyman Abbé
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès said this:
• “What is the Third Estate?
Everything.
• What has it been until now in the
political order? Nothing.
• What does it ask? To become
something. ’’
• The dominance of the First and Second
Estates in the political arena constitutes a
monopoly that treats the Third Estate
unfairly.
• He advocates equal representation of all
three orders in government, and asserts
that taxes and government policy should
affect all portions of society equally!!!
• SLOGAN, FR. REV: “ LIBERTY, EQUALITY,
FRATERNITY” (BROTHERHOOD)
Causes of the French
Revolution
• 1 ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS, more political freedom,
equality, liberty, freedom of the individual,
democracy, freedom of speech, attack RCC,
“Declaration of the Rights of Man…”
• 2 DEBT
• FROM:
• 1)WARS: 7 YEARS( FR. AND INDIAN), AMERICAN
REVOLUTION
• 2)EXPENSES FROM MONARCHY, LOUIS 14, 15, 16
• 3 HEAVY TAXATION, ESP. ON 3RD ESTATE; the
system also exempted the nobles and the clergy
from taxes
• 4 FAILURE OF REFORMS RELATED TO DEBT AND
• 5 FAMINE, decreased food
harvests, conspiracy theories,
“little ice age”
•
http://www.history.com/videos/origins-of-the-french-revolution#origins-of-the-french-revolution
•
http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos#the-french-revolution
RESULTS: FRENCH
REVOLUTION
• 1. END OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY,
LIMITED MONARCH, THEN REPUBLIC
• 2. REPUBLICAN GOVT IN FR
• 3. POLITICAL AND SOCIAL REFORMSMORE EQUAL FRENCH SOCIETY WITH NO
PRIVILEGE
• 4. SPREAD OF ENLIGHTENED IDEAS (#3)
ESP. NATURAL RIGHTS AND
“CONNECTIONS”
• 5. FRENCH CONSTITUTIONS WHICH
CREATED MORE DEMOCRACY AND MALE
SUFFRAGE (RIGHT TO VOTE)
RESULTS
• 6. IMPROVED STATUS OF
WOMEN
• 7. MORE FREE ECONOMY
COMPARISON
REVOLUTIONS
AMERICAN AND FRENCH
• AMERICAN
• FRENCH
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. INDEPENDENCE AND SELFIDENTIFICATION
2. ANTI-BRITISH PARLIAMENT, LESS
ANTI-KING
3. SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM NOT A
MAJOR CONCERN; SLAVERY HAD
BEEN ABOLISHED IN MOST
NORTHERN STATES
4. RELIGION NOT AN ISSUE
5. GOVT GOAL: PRESERVE LIFE,
LIBERTY, PROPERTY
COMMON GOAL
ACHIEVED BY BOTH
REVOLUTIONS: LIBERTY!
•
•
•
•
1. ESTABLISHED NATION;
TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIETY
2. ANTI-KING! ABUSE OF POWER
3. SOCIAL CLASSES (ESTATES)
ELIMINATED; NO PRIVILEGE (MAIN
GOAL OF REVOLUTION)
4. REDUCE POWER OF RCC
5. GOVT GOAL: PRESERVE LIBERTY,
EQUALITY, FRATERNITY
(BROTHERHOOD)
HAITIAN REVOLUTION
Haitian Revolution
•
•
•
•
1791–1804
1775-1783, AMERICAN REV.
1789-1799, FRENCH REV.
slave revolt in the French colony
of Saint-Domingue, HAITI
• RESULT: end of slavery there
and founding of country of Haiti
• The Haitian Revolution was the only
slave revolt which led to the
founding of a country
• the American Revolution… USA
• The Haitian Revolution… HAITI
• permanent independence from a
European colonial power for an
American country before the 19th
century
LEADERS
• Toussaint L'Ouverture
• Jean Jacques Dessalines
HAITIAN REVOLUTION
LATIN AMERICAN
REVOLUTIONS
18TH, 19TH CENTURIES
• The Latin American Wars of Independence
• Revolutions, 18th and early 19th centuries
• Result: creation of many independent countries in
Latin America
• These revolutions followed the American and
French Revolutions, which had profound effects on
the Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies in the
Americas
• Haiti, a French slave colony, was the first to follow
the United States to independence, during the
Haitian Revolution
• LEADERS
LEADERS
• SIMON BOLIVAR
• JOSE DE SAN
MARTIN
• BERNARDO O
HIGGINS
NAPOLEON
BONAPARTE
• 1769-1821
•
•
1 French military and
political leader
2 RISE to power during the
latter stages of the French
Revolution
•
3 Napoleon I, Emperor of the
French 1804 to 1815
•
4 born in Corsica in a family of
noble Italian ancestry
5 TRAINED IN MILITARY A
LIFETIME WITH
ACCOMPLISHMENTS ALL OVER
EUROPE
•
•
CORSICA
• 1799, coup d'état
(OVERTHROW OF
GOVT, THE
DIRECTORY)
• First Consul; five years
later the French Senate
proclaimed him
emperor, following a
plebiscite (VOTE) in his
favor
• established hegemony (control) over most of
continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals
of the French Revolution: NAPOLEONIC WARS,
1804-1815
• maintained the French sphere of influence through
the formation of extensive alliances and the
appointment of friends and family members to rule
other European countries as French client states
• The Peninsular War (SPAIN AND COASTAL AREA)
and 1812 French invasion of Russia: turning points
for Napoleon
• The Grande Armée was badly damaged in the
campaign and never fully recovered.
• 1814, DEFEATED, FORCED TO ABDICATE (GIVE UP
THRONE) AND EXILED TO ISLAND OF ELBA
• 1815, ESCAPED, RETURNED
(100 DAYS)
• FINALLY DEFEATED AT
WATERLOO, BELGIUM
• EXILED TO ST. HELENA
• DIED 1821
FIRST
CONSUL
NAPOLEON’S LEGACY
•
•
•
•
Military strategies
Napoleonic Code
Spread of Enlightened Ideas
Inspiration of nationalism
(loyalty to nation, history,
people rather than leader)
• http://www.biography.com/people/napoleon-9420291
CHINA AND JAPAN
INTERACTIONS
MIDDLE 1800S-1900
• SSWH14 The student will
analyze the Age of Revolutions
and Rebellions.
• d. Examine the interaction of
China and Japan with
westerners; include the Opium
War, the Taiping Rebellion, and
Commodore Perry.
OPIUM WARS
• Opium Wars
• trading wars
• Western nations gained commercial,
TRADING privileges in China
• 1.FIRST OPIUM WAR (1839–42) was
between China and Britain
• 2.SECOND OPIUM WAR (1856–60)
• AKA Arrow War or the Anglo-French
War in China, UK AND FR VS. CHINA
• The Opium Wars arose from China’s
attempts to suppress the opium
trade
• British traders had been illegally
exporting opium to China
• The resulting widespread addiction
was causing serious social and
economic disruption in the country
• In 1839 the Chinese government
confiscated all opium warehoused at
Canton by British merchants
•
•
•
•
Treaty of Nanjing 1842
Treaties of Tianjin 1858
UNEQUAL TREATIES
MORE FOREIGN TRAVEL, MORE
CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES, MORE
TRADE PORTS FORCED OPEN
• INTERACTIONS BETWEEN
WESTERNERS AND CHINESE NOT
POSITIVE
TAIPING REBELLION
•
•
•
•
The Taiping Rebellion
massive civil war in southern China
1850 to 1864
against the ruling Manchu-led Qing
Dynasty
• led by Hong Xiuquan, who announced that
he had received visions in which he
learned that he was the younger brother of
Jesus
• 20 million people died, mainly civilians, in
one of the deadliest military conflicts in
history
• Hong established the Taiping
Heavenly Kingdom with its capital at
Nanjing
• Hong started social reforms
• "property in common”
• equality for women
• replacement of Confucianism,
Buddhism and Chinese folk religion
with their form of Christianity
• The Qing
Dynasty government
eventually
crushed the
rebellion with
the aid of UK
AND FR.
MATTHEW PERRY
• 1794-1858
• Commodore of the
U.S. Navy
• role in the opening
of Japan
• Convention of
Kanagawa, 1854
• U.S. NAVAL
ACADEMY
INSTRUCTION
• FATHER OF THE
STEAM NAVY