Economi e
Per u's economy r eflects its vari ed geography - an arid coastal r egi on, t he Andes further inl and, and
tropical l ands bor deri ng Colombia and Br azil. Important miner al resources ar e found i n the
mount ainous and c oastal areas, and Peru's coastal waters pr ovi de excell ent fishing grounds. The
Per uvi an economy has been gr owi ng by an average of 6.4% per year sinc e 2002 with a
stabl e/slightl y appreci ating exc hange r ate and l ow i nflation. Gr owt h in 2010 was close to 9% and in
2011 almost 7%, due partly to a l eap i n p ri vat e investment, especiall y in t he extr active sector, which
accounts for more t han 60% of Peru's tot al exports. At 3. 4%, infl ation i n 2011 exc eeded somewhat
the upper range of the Central Bank's 1% - 3% tar get. Despit e Per u's strong macr oec onomic
perf ormance, dependenc e on mi nerals and metals exports and import ed f oodstuffs subjects the
economy t o fluctuati ons i n worl d prices . Poor infrastr ucture hi nders the spr ead of growt h t o Peru's
non-coastal areas . Per u's rapi d expansion coupled wit h cash tr ansfers and ot her programs have
hel ped t o reduc e the nati onal poverty r ate by 23 percent age poi nts since 2002 . A gr owi ng number of
Per uvi ans are s hari ng i n the benefits of growth but i nequality persists posi ng a chall enge for the new
Ollanta HUMALA admi nistration, wh ich has championed i ndigenous and l ocal disenfr anc hised
groups. The admi nistrati on seems committed to Per u' s free -trade pat h. Si nce 2006, Per u has signed
trade deals with t he US, Canada, Singapore, Chi na, Kor ea, Mexico, and Japan, concluded
negotiati ons wit h the Eur opean Fr ee Trade Associati on and Chile, and begun trade t alks with Central
Americ an countries and ot hers . The US- Per u Tr ade Promoti on Agreement enter ed int o force 1
February 2009, openi ng the way t o gr eater trade and investment bet ween the two ec onomi es. Trade
agr eements with Sout h Kor ea, Japan, and Mexico also were signed i n 2011. Although Peru has
conti nued t o attract for eign investment, political disputes and prot ests may impede development of
some projects relat ed t o natural res ourc e extracti o n.
Agricultur e - products:
asparagus, coff ee, c ocoa, cotton, s ugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plant ains (bakbanaan) , grapes,
oranges, pi neappl es, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, t omat oes, mangoes, barl ey ( gerst),
medicinal pl ants, palm oil, marigol d (goudsbl oem), oni on, wheat, dry beans; poult ry, beef, pork, dair y
products (zuivel producten) ; gui nea pigs; fish
Industries:
mini ng and refi ni ng of mi nerals; steel, metal f abric ation; petrol eum extracti on and refi ning, nat ural gas
and nat ural gas li quef action; fishing and fish processi ng, cement, gl ass, textil es, clothing, f ood
processing, beer, soft dri nks, rubber, mac hinery, el ectrical machi nery, chemicals , furnitur e
Public debt :
19. 9% of GDP (2011 est.)
countr y comparison t o the worl d: 121
21. 9% of GDP (2010 est.)
not e:data cover gener al gover nment debt, and incl udes debt instruments issued by government entiti es
other than the treasur y; the data excl ude tr eas ury debt held by for eign entiti es; the dat a i nclude debt
issued by subnational entit ies
13
Belgium
4
Greece
99.70
161.70
2011 est.
2011 est
(COUNTRY COMPARISON :: PUBLIC DEBT
This entry records the cumulative total of a ll government borrowings less repayments that a re
denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external
debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private a nd publ ic sector and
must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings. )
Exchange rat es:
nuevo s ol (PEN) per US dollar 2.75 (2011 est.)
2.8251 ( 2010 est.)
3.0115 ( 2009)
2.91 (2008)
3.1731 ( 2007)
Exports - commodities:
copper, gol d, lead, zi nc, tin, iron or e, mol ybdenum, silver; crude petro l eum and petr oleum
products, natur al gas; coff ee, asparagus and other veget abl es, fruit, appar el and textiles,
fishmeal, fish, chemicals, f abricat ed metal products and machi nery, alloys
Exports - part ner s:
Chi na 18.4%, US 15. 3%, Canada 11. 5%, Japan 5. 6%, Spain 5. 4%, Chile 4.8%, Sout h Korea
4.6%, Germany 4. 1% (2010 est.)
Import s:
$36. 97 billion (2011 est.)
countr y comparison t o the worl d: 60
$28. 82 billion (2010 est.)
Import s - commodities:
petr oleum and petr oleum products, chemicals, plastic s, machiner y, vehicl es, col or TV s ets, power
shovels (gr aaf mac hines) , front- end l oaders (graafmac hines) , tel ephones and t elecommunicati on
equi pment, iron and steel, wheat, cor n, soybean products, paper, cott on, vaccines and medicines
Import s - part ner s:
US 24. 5%, Chi na 13. 7%, Brazil 6.7%, Chil e 5.9%, Ecuador 4. 4%, South Kor ea 4% ( 2010 est.)
Unempl oyment rat e:
7.9% ( 2011 est.)
countr y comparison t o the worl d: 93
6.6% ( 2010 est.)
not e:data are f or metropoli tan Lima; wi des pread underempl oyment
Bron: CIA World Factbook 2012
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html