INDEPENDENT
READING/CORNELL
 Marking
your TextNOTES
-Use COLOR and DRAWINGS
(including arrows/circles) to
HIGHLIGHT and MARK your
TEXT and NOTES!!
 Marking your Text
 Marking your Text
 Marking your Text
6.4 BUILDING BLOCK of LIFE
WHAT YOU’LL LEARN:
-4 major groups of biological macromolecules
-functions of each group of biological macromolecules
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
MAIN IDEA: Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules
ORGANIC -study of organic compounds
CHEMISTRY -the compounds that contain carbon = organic
PROBLEM/Q: _PROBLEM/Q:
_____________________________________________________
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4
ORGANIC IDENTIFY # valence electrons in carbon atom.____
CHEMISTRY
4
DETERMINE: # covalent bonds carbon can form ____
CALCULATE: What % of the outer energy level is full?
50%
__________________
EXPLAIN: 4/8 = 1/2 = 50%
outer energy level holds up to 8
electrons—4 of 8 is 50%
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
-Diversity of life due to many different carbon structures
-in the form of:
straight chain
molecules
branched
molecules
ring
molecules
MACROMOLECULES
MACROMOLECULES
-large molecules formed by…
joining smaller organic molecules
polymers -repeating units of nearly or identical monomers
monomers -linked by series of covalent bonds
BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES -general formula:
CH2O
monosaccharides -simple sugars
disaccharides -2 ______________________
-monosaccharides
linked together
polysaccharides
-carbohydrate molecules
-longer chains of _____________________________
CALCULATE: If a monosaccharide has 4 carbon atoms,
8
how many hydrogen atoms does it have? ________
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
LIPIDS
-fats/oils/waxes
saturated fats
-single bonds between carbons
-no more bonds can form
unsaturated fats -at least 1 double bond between carbons
-can form at least 1 other bond w/hydrogen
steroids
-cholesterol—starting pt for vitamin D
-hormones—
important for gender/reproductive functions
IDENTIFY the key characteristics of lipids that enables them
to keep unwanted substances from penetrating cell
membranes. ________________
Non-polar -do not dissolve in water
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
PROTEIN -made of small compounds called amino acids
STRUCTURES
amino acids
-made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and
sometimes sulfur
-20 different amino acids
DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What protein function suggests
most enzymes are proteins?
-speed up chemical reactions
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
NUCLEIC
ACIDS
nucleotides
-macromolecules store/transmit genetic info
-small units make up nucleic acids
-made up of 3 subunits:
-nitrogen base
-phosphate
-ribose sugar
DRAW CONCLUSIONS: What group of macromolecules
do you think DNA belongs?
-nucleic acids
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
carbohydrates
nucleic
acids
lipids
amino
acids
DNA
CH2O
-fatty acid
tails
nucleotides
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
CIRCLE each nucleotide grouping
DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
TRUE/FALSE
1-Carbon atoms can bond together in straight chains,
TRUE
branched chains or rings.
2-Large molecules containing carbon atoms are called
FALSE-macromolecules
micromolecules.
3-Polymers are molecules made from repeating units of
identical organic compounds that are linked together by
hydrogen bonds. FALSE- covalent
TRUE
4-Carbon is a component of almost all biological substances.
5-Macromolecules can be organized into vitamins, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids. FALSE- carbohydrates
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
LAB GROUP(3-5 students)
-working TOGETHER as a cooperative group to COMPLETE TASK
-EVERY TEAM MEMBER has a job and participates EQUALLY
1-READ THROUGH EACH TASK (silently or together)
2-DISCUSS (use POSITIVE communication)
3-ANSWER
4-MOVE ON (only when ALL team members understand)
QUESTIONS ?’s
-each other
CLARIFICATION
-Asking Mrs. Schlatter for clarification NOT answers.
FYI
-discussion within COLORED group ONLY
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
EVALUATE: the number of molecules of each
element in the carbohydrate described by the
formula:
(CH2O)6
6
carbon _____
hydrogen _____
12 oxygen _____
6
-ratio of C/H/O: _________________
1:2:1
-type of carbohydrates
-monosaccharide
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
LABEL the diagrams:
saturated
unsaturated
BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
LABEL the diagrams:
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 DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
LABEL the diagrams:
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DATA ANALYSIS/REVIEW
DATA ANALYSIS
1-IDENTIFY the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
diet
2-IDENTIFY the DEPENDENT VARIABLE cholesterol levels
3-DESCRIBE the effects soluble fiber appears to have on
cholesterol levels in the blood.
-lowers cholesterol levels
-lowers male levels more than females
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
SUPPLIES:
-hot plate
-test tube tongs
-beakers
50mL
250mL
600mL
-3 test tubes
-2 plastic cups
TEST INDICATORS
-biuret solution--protein
-benedicts solution--sugar
-*iodine--starch
-paper sack--lipids
-*place iodine on petri dish outside of
tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
LAB: MURDER and a MEAL
Pre-LAB TESTS:
1-LIPID: 1 drop of oil on paper sack paper towel
2-CARB/SUGAR: corn starch in benedict solution/heat test tube
3-CARB/STARCH: iodine on cracker plastic cup
4-PROTEIN: biuret solution on egg white small 50 mL beaker
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
LAB: MURDER and a MEAL
LAB TESTS: unknown stomach contents
1-LIPID: paper sack paper towel
2-CARB/SUGAR: benedict solution/heat test tube
3-CARB/STARCH: iodine plastic cup
4-PROTEIN: biuret solution small 50 mL beaker
6.4 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
CLEAN UP: -turn off hot plates
-dump all food in trash
-wash all equipment/return to lab trays
-use test tube brush to clean test tubes
-leave iodine on petri dish outside of tray
-lids on TEST INDICATORS/return to lab trays
SUPPLIES:
-hot plate
-biuret solution--protein
-test tube tongs
-benedicts solution--sugar
-beakers
-*iodine--starch
50mL
-paper sack--lipids
250mL
600mL
-*place iodine on petri dish outside of
-3 test tubes
tray—will stain skin/clothes/plastic
-2 plastic cups