List out globally available
middleware
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ARC
DIET
EMI
Glite
Globus toolkit
Grid way
OMI-UK distribution
Oracle grid engine
alchemi
ARC
• It provides a common interface for submission
of computational tasks to different distributed
computing systems and thus can enable grid
infrastructures of varying size and complexity.
The set of services and utilities providing the
interface is known as ARC Computing Element
ARC-components
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Hosting environment:
– HED - hosting environment for Web services (WS)
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Execution services:
– Grid Manager - server providing computing capability
– A-REX - next generation of Grid Manager, WS-based
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Information services:
– Classic information server - local service information publishing
– Classic information index - distributed information indexing
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Accounting:
– JURA - job record publisher for A-REX
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Clients:
– arc* job and data CLI - next generation command-line interface for job and data management,
interoperable with other middlewares like gLite and UNICORE
– arcproxy - universal Grid proxy generation utility
– Grid Monitor - graphical interface to the classic information services
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Libraries and API:
– libarcclient - job management and information
– libarcdata2 - data management
– HED security API
DIET
• DIET is a software for grid-computing. As middleware, DIET
sits between the operating system (which handles the details
of the hardware) and the application software (which deals
with the specific computational task at hand). DIET was
designed for high-performance computing.
Architecture
• DIET's architecture follows a different design. It is composed of:
• a client - the application that uses DIET to solve problems. Clients can
connect to DIET from a web page or through an API or compiled program.
• a Master Agent (MA) that receives computation requests from clients. The
MA then collects computation abilities from the servers and chooses one
based on scheduling criteria. The reference of the chosen server is
returned to the client. A client can be connected to an MA by a specific
name server or a web page that stores the various MA locations.
• a Local Agent (LA) that aims at transmitting requests and information
between MAs and servers. The information stored on an LA is the list of
requests and, for each of its subtrees, the number of servers that can
solve a given problem and information about the data distributed in this
subtree. Depending on the underlying network topology, a hierarchy of
LAs may be deployed between an MA and the servers.
• a Server Daemon (SeD) that is the point of entry of a computational
server. It manages a processor or a cluster. The information stored on a
SeD is the list of the data available on a server (possibly with their
distribution and the way to access them), the list of the problems than can
be solved on it, and all the information concerning its load (e.g., CPU
capacity, available memory).
EMI
• The European Middleware Initiative (EMI) is a
computer software platform for high
performance distributed computing. It is
developed and distributed directly by the EMI
project.[ It is the base for other
gridmiddleware distributions used by scientific
research communities and distributed
computing infrastructures. EMI supports
broad scientific experiments and initiatives,
such as the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid
Gridway
• GridWay[is an open source meta-scheduling
technology that enables large-scale, secure,
reliable and efficient sharing of computing
resources (clusters, computing farms, servers,
supercomputers...), managed by different
Distributed Resource Management Systems
(DRMS), such as SGE, Condor, PBS or LSF, within a
single organization (enterprise grid) or scattered
across several administrative domains (partner or
supply-chain grid). To this end, GridWay supports
several Grid middlewares.
OMI-UK distribution
• OMII-UK have a number of roles within the UK
research community: helping new users get
started with E-research, providing the
software that is needed and developing that
software if it does not exist. OMII-UK also help
to guide the development of E-research by
liaising with national and international
organisations, e-Research groups, standards'
groups, and the researchers themselves.
Oracle Grid engine
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Oracle Grid Engine,previously known as Sun Grid Engine (SGE), CODINE
(Computing in Distributed Networked Environments) or GRD (Global Resource
Director),was a grid computing computer cluster software system (otherwise
known as batch-queuing system), acquired as part of a purchase of Terraspring,
then improved and supported by Sun Microsystems and later Oracle. There have
been open source versions and multiple commercial versions of this technology,
initially from Sun, later from Oracle and then from Univa Corporation.
The original Grid Engine open-source project website closed in 2010, but versions
of the technology are still available under its original Sun Industry Standards
Source License. Those projects were forked from the original project code and are
known as Son of Grid Engine and Open Grid Scheduler.
Grid Engine is typically used on a computer farm or high-performance
computing(HPC) cluster and is responsible for accepting, scheduling, dispatching,
and managing the remote and distributed execution of large numbers of
standalone, parallel or interactive user jobs. It also manages and schedules the
allocation of distributed resources such as processors, memory, disk space, and
software licenses.
Grid Engine used to be the foundation of the Sun Grid utility computing system,
made available over the Internet in the United States in 2006, later becoming
available in many other countries and having been an early version of a public
Cloud Computing facility predating Amazon AWS, for instance.
Alchemy
• Alchemy is an influential tradition whose practitioners have, from
antiquity, claimed it to be the precursor to profound powers. As described
by Paul-Jacques Malouin in The Encyclopedia of Diderot, it is the
chemistry of the subtlest kind which allows one to observe extraordinary
chemical operations at a more rapid pace – operations that require a long
time for nature to produce. Definitions of the objectives of alchemy are
varied but historically have typically included one or more of the following
goals: the creation of the fabled philosopher's stone; the ability to
transmute base metals into the noble metals (gold or silver); and
development of an elixir of life, which would confer youth and longevity.
• Though alchemy played a significant role in the development of early
modern science, it differs significantly from modern science in its inclusion
of Hermetic principles and practices related to mythology, magic, religion,
and spirituality. It is recognized as a protoscience that contributed to the
development of modern chemistry and medicine. Alchemists developed a
structure of basic laboratory techniques, theory, terminology, and
experimental method, some of which are still in use today. However,
alchemists predated modern foundations of chemistry, such as scientifi
skepticism, atomic theory, the modern understanding of a chemical
element and a chemical substance, the periodic table and conservation of
mass and stoichiometry. Instead, they believed in four elements, and
cryptic symbolism and mysticism was an integral part of alchemical work.