Shelby Worley & Kadelyn McBrearty
 Blood:
Signifies life, helps
maintain the stability
of the interstitial
fluid and distributes
heat. Vital in
transporting
substances and
maintaining
homeostasis.
 Cardiovascular:
Transports nutrients,
oxygen and hormones
to cells throughout
the body, and remove
waste. Protection of
the body from
diseases and
regulation of body
temperature, fluid
pH, and water
content of cells
 Heart:
Pumps blood throughout the body and
organs
 Lungs: Brings oxygen into the body and sends
it to the heart
Arteries: Strong, elastic vessels that are adapted
to carrying blood away from the heart under high
pressure
 Arterioles: Arteries subdivide into these thinner
tubes and give rise to finer branched arterioles
 Veins: Carry blood back to the atria and follow
pathways that closely parallel those of arteries
 Venules: Microscopic vessels that continue from
the capillaries and merge to form veins
 Capillaries: The smallest-diameter blood vessels
which connect the smallest arterioles with the
smallest venules
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Pericardium: Encloses the
heart and the proximal
ends of blood vessels
 Endocardium: Contains
blood vessels and
specialized muscle fibers
called purkinje fibers
 Myocardium: pumps blood
out of the heart chambers
 Epicardium: Protects the
heart by reducing friction
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Atria: Thin walls that receive
blood returning to the heart with
the help of the Vena Cava
Ventricles: Receive blood from the
atria and contract to force blood
out of the heart into arteries
Septum: Seperates the atria and
ventricle on the right side to the
left side
Tricuspid Valve: Lies between the
right atrium and ventricle, it
prevents backflow and
interchanging blood
 Pulmonary
Valve: Allows blood to leave the
right ventricle and prevent backflow into the
ventricle chamber
 Mitral Valve: Prevents blood from flowing
back into the left atrium from the ventricle
 Aorta: Major systemic artery that recieves
blood from the left ventricle
 Aortic Valve: Allows blood to leave the left
ventricle.
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Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Body
 Pulmonary
Circuit: Sends deoxygenated
blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and
unload carbon dioxide
 Systemic Circuit: Sends oxygenated blood
and nutrients to all body cells and removes
waste
 Cause:
Vibrations in the heart tissues
associated with the closing of the valves.
 Lubb:
Occurs during ventricular contraction
when the AV valves are closing
 Dubb: Occurs during ventricular relaxation
when the Pulmonary and Aortic valves are
closing
 Blood
is a highly specialized tissue composed
of more than 4,000 different kinds of
components.
 The four most important:
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Red Cells
White Cells
Platelets
Plasma
 Red
Cells
(Erythrocytes): Transports
oxygen from the lungs to all
of the living tissues of the
body and carry away carbon
dioxide. It makes up 40-50%
of the total blood volume.
Hemoglobin makes up 1/3
of the red blood cell and
imparts the color of blood.
 White
Cells (Leukocytes): Protect against
diseases
 Groups of white cells
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Granulocytes:
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Neutrophils: digest products and bacterial toxins
Eosinophils: Kill parasites, control inflammation and
allergic reactions by removing biochemicals
Basophils: Prevent intravascular blood clot formation
and increase blood flow
Agranulocytes:
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Monocytes: digest products and bacterial toxins
Lymphocytes: Produce antibodies that attack foreign
substances and help with immunity
 Platelets
(Thrombocytes): Help close breaks
and damaged blood vessels and initiate
formation of blood clots
 Plasma: Transporting nutrients, gases, and
vitamins, help regulate fluid and electrolyte
balance, and maintain a favorable pH.
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Contains three proteins
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Albumins: Help regulate water movement between the
blood and the tissues, control blood volume and help
with blood pressure
Globulins: transport lipids and fat soluble vitamins and
produce antibodies
Fibrinogen: functions in blood coagulation
 An
anti-body of one
type will react with
an antigen of the
same type and
clump red blood
cells. Because of
this, people with
certain blood types
can only get blood
from certain blood
types to avoid
clotting the blood.
 If
a woman who has
already developed
anti-Rh antibodies
becomes pregnant
with a second Rh+
fetus, these anti-Rh
antibodies cross the
placental membrane
and destroy the
fetal red blood cells
 Very
Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL):
Transports triglycerides from the liver to
adipose cells
 Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Delivers
cholesterol to various cells
 High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Transports to
the liver remnants of chylomicrons that have
given up their triglycerides
 Hemophilia:
A rare bleeding disorder in which
the blood doesn’t clot normally
 Anemia: Condition in which the body doesn’t
have enough healthy red blood cells. The
blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the
rest of the body
 Hypertension:
pressure

Persistently elevated arterial
Elevated pressure can be secondary, cause by
another problem, such as kidney disease, high
sodium intake, obesity, psychological stress, and
arteriosclerosis
 Atherosclerosis:
deposits of fatty materials
are formed within and on the inner lining of
the arterial walls
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Risk factors: fatty diet, elevated blood pressure,
tobacco smoking, obesity and lack of physical
exercise. Genetic factors may also increase
susceptibility