Federalism
Chapter 4
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Ch. 4 sect. 2
The National Government & 50 States
United States
The framers of the constitution created a union of states &
wanted to keep them united!
The Constitution required the National Government to
guarantee certain rights to the States!
What does Article IV guarantee each
state?
Federal gov’t has three obligations to the states:
1. make sure that states have ‘republican’
(representative) governments- leaders are
elected & speak for people of the state.
2. protect the states from invasions & internal
violence.
3. respect the states’ territories, legal existence &
boundaries
Protection from internal disorder/domestic violence!
1967 Riots, President Johnson sent in
the Army to help state police.
How were new states
admitted?
Admitting New States
To become a state, a territory applies to Congress for
admission to the U.S.
If Congress agrees it should be a state, it passes the
enabling act.
People of territory write a state constitution.
If constitution is accepted by Cong, now called an act of
admission,
Pres. Signs act and a new state enters the Union.
Arizona write a state
constitution…
In what ways do the federal &
state governments work
together?
Called Cooperative Federalism!
Grants-in-aid- aid to states, cities &
local governments ; good example of
cooperation between states & federal
government.
THREE TYPES OF
FEDERAL GRANTS TO
STATES
Categorical Grants
- used for very specific
programs; often come as matching funds- state
must match the funds the fed. Government
provides. School lunches, airports…. Most
common!
Block Grants – broad areas- healthcare, social
services, welfare
Project Grants- supports specific projects science grants, medical issues..
Next Section
Interstate Relations
CHAPTER 3 SECTION 3
Sec. 3 - Interstate
Relations
Relations among the states - encouraged by Const.
Interstate Compacts - agreements made between
states; typically over environmental & shared issues
Full Faith & Credit Clause - must respect official
documents, laws, court orders, & records of other
states- birth certificate & other things valid in all
states.
If person loses lawsuit in Pennsylvania & has to
pay $50,000- cannot flee to NJ to get out of
paying!
“Four Corners”
States must interact with each other on
many issues…
Interstate Relations- One example – Interstate Compacts
Interstate Compacts - agreements made between states; typically
over environmental & shared issues, highways that cross into
different states.
1921 compact created..
Full Faith & Credit
Clause
State drivers License..
Full Faith & Credit Clause marry in one state & move to another
it should be respected! But…
DOMA-relives states of obligation to
recognize same sex marriage
DOMA- 1996
The Defense of
Marriage Act (DOMA)
is a federal law passed in
1996 that both created a
federal definition of
marriage as being
between a man and a
woman and expressly gave
& states permission to
refuse to recognize
marriages entered into by
same-sex couples in other
jurisdictions.
Supreme Court- 2013 Declared DOMA as
unconstitutional
Supremacy Clause-states Constitution is above
all other laws “supreme law of the land”
will be returned
Prevent a
person from
escaping justice
by fleeing a
State.
Extradition - accused criminal will be
returned-prevent a person from escaping
justice by fleeing a state.
Interstate Relations
Privileges & Immunities - citizens of a state enjoy
all the rights of citizens of all other states (14th
Amend)