Endocrine and
Reproductive System
Web Quest
Vanessa Cooper
Michael Crawley
Vanie Mangal
Introduction
• The Endocrine System consists of glands and hormones.
Glands are a group of cells that produce and secrets
chemicals. The chemical messengers are called
hormones. They convey their messages through the
blood stream, this way they can reach your entire body.
This system responds to stress, dehydration, and low
blood glucose. It regulates growth, mood, and
development. It’s basically in charge of the things that
happen slowly in your body. The Endocrine System is a
major regulator of the reproductive system controlling
the production of hormones for the male and female
gametes.
Quest
• The male reproductive system enables a adult male to
have sexual intercourse and to fertilize ova (eggs) with
sperm (male sex cells). In this Webquest we will follow
the journey of a sperm cell from the beginning and
ending of its life. The sperm cell will battle through
many obstacles to fertilize the egg.
Endocrine System
• The major Human Endocrine Glands are the
Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, the Thyroid, Parathyroid,
Pancreas, Adrenal, Gonads, and the Pineal gland. The
hypothalamus is located in the brain and is the main
connection between the endocrine and nervous system
It controls the pituitary gland by telling it when to make
more or to stop producing hormones.
• The pituitary gland is very important because it makes
hormones that controls other endocrine gland. The work
of this gland is influenced by things such as emotions
and seasonal changes. It is divided into two parts: The
Posterior pituitary and the Anterior Pituitary. The
Anterior Pituitary regulates the thyroid, adrenal, and the
reproductive glands. The posterior releases antidiuretic
hormones, which help control body water balance
through its effect on the kidneys and urine output.
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovary
(female)
Testis
(male)
Endocrine System (continued)
• Some hormones the pituitary glad produces are growth
hormone, prolactin, oxycontin, Antidiuretic hormone
(ADH), follicle-stimulating (FSH), thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH), and ACTH. Oxycontin stimulates
contraction of uterus & mammary gland cells.
• Antidiuretic Hormone or ADH promotes the kidneys to
retain water. Growth Hormone or GH stimulates growth,
especially in bones. It also stimulates growth in
metabolic functions. Prolactin or PRL stimulates milk
production and secretion. Follicle-stimulating hormone
or FSH stimulates the production of oca and sperm
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone or TSH stimulates the
thyroid. Adrenocorticotropic hormone or ACTH
stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete slucocorticoids.
Endocrine System (continued)
• The Thyroid gland helps maintain normal blood
pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion and
reproductive functions. It consists of two lobes located
on the ventral surface of the trachea. It produced two
very similar hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3) and
thyroxine (T4). It also produces Calcitonin. T3 and T4
stimulate and maintain metabolic processes Cacitonin
lowers blood calcium level
• Parathyroid Glands produces Parathyroid Hormone or
PTH which raises blood calcium level.
Endocrine System (continued)
• The Pancreas Produces Insulin and Glucagen. Insulin
lowers blood glucose level. Glucagen raises blood
glucose level .
• Adrenal Glands consists of the adrenal medulla and
Adrenal cortex. The adrenal Medulla produces
Epinephrine and norepinephrine. They raise blood
glucose level; increase metabolic activities and constrict
certain blood vessels. The adrenal cortex produces
glucocorticoids which raise blood glucose level and
produces minealocoritoids which promote reabsorption
of sodium and excretion of potassium in kidneys
Endocrine System (continued)
• The Goads consists of the mail testes and the female
ovaries. The testes produce androgens. Androgens
support sperm formation. IT promotes development and
maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics.
Ovaries produce estrogen which stimulate uterine lining
growth. It promotes development and maintenance of
female secondary sex characteristics. It also produces
Progesterone which promotes uterine lining growth also.
• The pineal gland produces Melatonin. Melatonin is
involved in biological rhythms.
Overview of Endocrine System and Major Hormones
Overview (continued)
Activity
Below are some useful links pertaining to the
Endocrine System and the Crossword puzzle Above:
• http://www.songsforteaching.com/lyricallifesci
encelearning/endocrinesystem.htm
• http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of
_the_endocrine_system/article_em.htm
• http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/general/bod
y_basics/endocrine.html
• http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html
• http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodygu
ide/reftext/html/endo_sys_fin.html
Male Anatomy and Development of Sperm
•Sperm is made in the seminiferous
tubules, a portion of the testes. The
male has two testes which are covered
by the scrotum. The scrotum is outside
the abdominal cavity because the body
is to warm for sperm to mature. The
temperature in the scrotum is about
2°C below the temperature in the
abdominal cavity. The testes store the
sperm. Also in the testis, interstitial
cells produce the hormones involved in
the male reproductive system. The
testis is the site of sperm and hormone
production in the male reproductive
system.
Production Line of Sperm
•
The epididymis is the coiled region that extends from the testes. The
epididymis is where the sperm completes maturation and waits until
the time for fertilization. During ejaculation, the sperm moves through
the vas deferens and passes through the urethra. The urethra runs
through the penis and opens to the outside at the tip of the penis.
•
The seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands add
secretions to the semen. The seminal vesicles add about 60% of the
total volume of the semen. The fluid from the seminal vesicles is
think, yellowish, and alkaline. It contains mucus, sugar frutose
(provides energy for the traveling sperm), a coagulating enzyme and
asorbic acid. The prostate gland is the largest of the semen-secreting
glands. It secrets its products directly into the urethra through several
small ducts. The bulbourethral glands are a pair of small glands along
the urethra below the prostate. Before, ejaculation, they secrete a
clear mucus that neutralizes and acidic urine remaining in the urethra.
Activity
Using the words below, label the parts of the male reproductive system
http://health.howstu
ffworks.com/malereproductivesystem.htm
http://www.kidsheal
th.org/misc/movie/b
odybasics/male_repr
o.html
http://www.innerbo
dy.com/image/repm
ov.html
Below are some useful links in completing
the crossword puzzle above:
• http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contr
aception/bc_chart.html
• http://www.fda.gov/Fdac/features/1997/babyt
abl.html
• http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/contra
ception.cfm
• http://www.coolnurse.com/birthcontrol.htm
What are the organs of the female
reproductive system? What do they do?
• Each sex has its own unique reproductive system. They
are different in shape and structure, but both are
specifically designed to produce, nourish, and transport
either the egg or sperm.
• Unlike the male, the human female has a reproductive
system located entirely in the pelvis The external part of
the female reproductive organs is called the vulva,
which means covering. Located between the legs, the
vulva covers the opening to the vagina and other
reproductive organs located inside the body.
What Does the Female Reproductive
System Do?
•
•
•
•
The female reproductive system enables a woman to:
produce eggs (ova)
have sexual intercourse
protect and nourish the fertilized egg until it is fully
developed
• give birth
The internal reproductive organs
include:
•
Vagina: The vagina is a canal that joins the cervix (the lower part of
uterus) to the outside of the body. It also is known as the birth canal.
•
Uterus (womb): The uterus is a hollow, pear-shaped organ that is the
home to a developing fetus. The uterus is divided into two parts: the
cervix, which is the lower part that opens into the vagina, and the main
body of the uterus, called the corpus. The corpus can easily expand to
hold a developing baby. A channel through the cervix allows sperm to
enter and menstrual blood to exit.
•
Ovaries: The ovaries are small, oval-shaped glands that are located
on either side of the uterus. The ovaries produce eggs and hormones.
•
Fallopian tubes: These are narrow tubes that are attached to the
upper part of the uterus and serve as tunnels for the ova (egg cells) to
travel from the ovaries to the uterus. Conception, the fertilization of an
egg by a sperm, normally occurs in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized
egg then moves to the uterus, where it implants to the uterine wall.
Menstrual Cycle
• At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series
of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining)
begins. The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian
hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
• The average menstrual cycle takes about 28 days and
occurs in phases: the follicular phase, the ovulatory
phase (ovulation), and the luteal phase.
• There are four major hormones involved in the
menstrual cycle: follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing
hormone, estrogen, and progesterone.
Conception: The amazing journey from
egg to embryo
•
•
At the moment when a lone sperm penetrates a mature egg,
conception or fertilization takes place. It is a race between all
the sperm and only one sperm can win.
If a sperm cell meets and penetrates an egg, it will fertilize the
egg. The fertilization process takes about 24 hours. When
fertilization happens, changes occur on the surface of the egg
to prevent other sperm from penetrating it.
Fetal Development
•
After implantation, some cells become the placenta while
others become the embryo. About three weeks after ovulation,
the baby's brain, spinal cord, heart, and others organs begin to
form. The heart begins beating during week five. During week
seven, the umbilical cord appears. At the eighth week the
developing baby, now called a fetus, is well over 1/2 of an inch
long -- and growing. A ‘full term’ delivery generally occurs
around 40 weeks.
Activity
•
You will investigate three topics related to sexual health and
your anatomy. You are going to use three web sites to prepare
a short phrase describing each of the following topics relating
to the female reproductive system. This will be used to create
a creative and unique informative brochure.
•
This brochure should try to capture the most important fact,
interesting aspect or powerful message to underclassmen
about that topic. This brochure should respond to the
questions that young people most often ask about puberty and
their bodies.. The brochure should also provide specific
definitions or descriptions of key terms and topics. Diagrams
and pictures should be included.
•
You can distribute copies of your health brochure within your
class or school, or ask the local health clinic if they would like
to print and display copies in their offices.
WORD SEARCH!
• After the brochure is completed try to complete this
bonus word search on the following page. The word
bank is listed at the bottom of this page.
AREOLA
BABIES
BLADDER
BREAST
CERVIX
CLITORIS
FALLOPIANTUBE
GONOREA
HERPES
LABIA MAJORA
LABIA MINORA
MAMMARYGLANDS
NIPPLE
OVARIAN LIGAMENT
OVARY
RECTUM
URETHRA
UTERUS
VAGINA
VULVA
WOMB
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Using the words below, label the parts of the female
reproductive system
Below are some useful links pertaining to the
Female Reproductive System:
•
Having a Healthy Pregnancy -
•
Toxic Shock Syndrome -
•
•
•
•
•
•
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/pregnancy.ht
ml
http://www.kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/girls/tss.html
The Journey of Conception http://www.webmd.com/baby/slideshow-conception
Female Reproductive System -
http://www.besthealth.com/besthealth/bodyguide/reftext/html/
repr_sys_fin.html
Breast and Pelvic Exams -
http://www.ehandbook.wc.vt.edu/gynoAndBreast.html
Female Hormones -
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/womenshealth/features/hormone.htm
Sexualy Transmitted Diseases -
http://www.medicinenet.com/sexually_transmitted_diseases_stds
_in_women/article.htm
Crossword Puzzle Solutions
Sources Used
• Campbell & Reece: Biology AP edition, 7th
addition
• Images Taken From: Campbell & Reece:
Biology AP edition, 7th addition
• http://www.webmd.com/sexrelationships/guide/male-reproductive-system
• http://www.webmd.com/sexrelationships/guide/your-guide-femalereproductive-system