Electric Potential Energy
&
Voltage
.
Battery
• Battery : A battery is a combination of
electrochemical cells connected together.
• What does an electrochemical cell do?
Electro – Chemical cell
– Creates electric energy from chemical energy
Battery
Battery
Electric Potential Energy: Types of
energy
• Energy: the ability to do work equals energy
Two types of Energy:
Electric Potential Energy: Types of
energy
• Energy: the ability to do work equals energy
Two types of Energy:
Electric Potential Difference
• Remember... Charge is measured in coulombs
The amount of electric potential energy per
coulomb of a charge is called potential energy
known as voltage.
Electric Potential Difference
• Remember... Charge is measured in coulombs
The amount of electric potential energy per
coulomb of a charge is called potential energy
known as voltage.
Voltage = Electric Potential energy/coulomb of charge
(potential
energy)
Voltage : measured in volts (V)
What’s the difference between
potential energy and potential
difference?
• Comparison using stair case:
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• When you climb a set of stairs your body has
to do work. The work you have done becomes
potential energy
What’s the difference between
potential energy and potential
difference?
• Comparison using stair case:
POTENTIAL ENERGY
• When you climb a set of stairs your body has
to do work. The work you have done becomes
potential energy
• When you climb up the stairs carrying a
backpack you have to do more work then you
will have gained more potential energy
What’s the difference between
potential energy and potential
difference?
• Comparison using stair case:
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
• The height of the stairs is like the potential
difference in a battery. (how much work is it
going to do?)
What’s the difference between
potential energy and potential
difference?
• Comparison using stair case:
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
• The height of the stairs is like the potential
difference in a battery. (how much work is it
going to do?)
• The mass you carry up the stairs is like the
charge separated in a battery
Therefore:
• Potential energy in a battery comes from the
potential difference (volts) and the amount of
charge that has been separated (coulombs)
• Voltmeter:
Therefore:
• Potential energy in a battery comes from the
potential difference (volts) and the amount of
charge that has been separated (coulombs)
• Voltmeter: A device that measures the amount of
potential difference between two locations of
charge separation. When you place the two wires
on opposite terminals (-,+) the voltmeter tells you
the voltage.
Producing voltage
Producing voltage
HOW DO BATTERIES PRODUCE
VOLTAGE?
1) A battery has two terminals (-,+)
2) The electrodes are usually made of two
different types of metals
HOW DO BATTERIES PRODUCE
VOLTAGE?
1) A battery has two terminals (-,+)
2) The electrodes are usually made of two
different types of metals
3) These electrodes sit in an electrolyte solution
(a solution that conducts electricity)
HOW DO BATTERIES PRODUCE
VOLTAGE?
1) A battery has two terminals (-,+)
2) The electrodes are usually made of two
different types of metals
3) These electrodes sit in an electrolyte solution
(a solution that conducts electricity)
4) The electrolytic solution breaks atoms off one
of one of the electrodes leaving some of the
electrons behind (becomes negative)
HOW DO BATTERIES PRODUCE
VOLTAGE?
1) A battery has two terminals (-,+)
2) The electrodes are usually made of two
different types of metals
3) These electrodes sit in an electrolyte solution
(a solution that conducts electricity)
4) The electrolytic solution breaks atoms off one
of one of the electrodes leaving some of the
electrons behind (becomes negative)
5) At the same time electrons are pulled off the
other electrode making it positively charged.