Presentation On:
Leadership
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It may be defined as the art of motivating a group
of people to act towards achieving a common goal.
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According to George R. Terry, “Leadership is the
activity of influencing people to strive willingly for
group objectives.”
According to C-Koontz and O’ Dannedl, “Leadership
may be defined as the ability to exert interpersonal
influence by means of communication towards the
achievement of a goal.”
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Management
Leadership
1) Implementing tactical actions.
Crating new visions and aims.
2) Measuring and reporting
performance.
Deciding what needs measuring and
reporting.
3) Applying rules and policies.
Making new rules and policies.
4) Recruiting people for jobs.
Creating new job roles.
5) Developing people.
Developing the organization.
6) Problem-solving.
Problem-anticipating.
7) Improving productivity and
efficiency.
Conceiving new opportunities.
8) Motivating and encouraging
others.
Inspiring and empowering others.
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1) There must be a group of followers. Without
followers, leadership cannot be imagined and a
leader cannot use his authority.
2) It is a personal quality of a character and behavior
in a man to use internal personal influence.
3) It is a process of influencing the behavior, attitudes,
activities and efforts of individuals and groups.
4) It is a particular situation at a given point of time
and under the specific set of circumstances. It’s
style may differ from time to time.
5) It is a shared function. A leader shares, credits
blames, ideas, opinions and experience everything
with his followers.
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Authority
Qualities
F. M. Viscount Shim
1) Courage; 2) Will Power; 3) Judgment; 4)
Flexibility; 5) Knowledge; 6) Integrity.
Ordway Tead
1) Physical & Nervous; 2) Enthusiasm; 3) Sense of
Purpose & direction; 4) Technical Mastery; 5)
Integrity; 6) Technical Skill; 7) Friendliness &
Affection; 8) Decisiveness; 9) Intelligence; 10)
Faith.
Henry Fayol
1) Health & Physical Fitness; 2) Intelligence &
Mutual Vigor/energy; 3) Moral Qualities; 4)
Knowledge; 5) Managerial Ability.
Chester I. Bernard
1) Vitality & Endurance; 2) Decisiveness; 3)
Persuasiveness; 4) Stability; 5) Intellectual
Capacity; 6) Knowledge.
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1)
2)
3)
Autocratic Leadership: Autocratic leaders
centralize power and make decisions by
themselves. This type of leadership is typically
negative, based on threats and punishments.
Consultative Leadership: Consultative leaders
approach one or more employees and ask them
for inputs prior to make a decision. In a simple
sense, leader and employees sit together, discuss
about the problem and then finally take decisions.
Participative Leadership: In a participative
leadership, leaders will consult with the
subordinates on proposed actions and decisions
and encourages participation from them. It is also
known as ‘Democratic’ leadership style.
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4) Self-Leadership & Super Leadership: Selfleadership is a process whereby a persons
learns to know him/herself better and through
this better self-understanding is able to lead
his/her life better. On the other hand, Super
leadership is a type of leadership that inspires
organizational success by showing followers
how to lead themselves.
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Traits of Leadership
Honesty &
Integrity
Personal
Drive
Cognitive
Ability
Desire to
Lead
Charisma
Person
SelfConfidence
Flexibility &
Adaptability
Warmness
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Knowledge
Creativity
Here, leader creates path to achieve goal. The pathgoal theory of leadership attempted to address the
mixed results of leadership research in the 1960’s
which showed an unclear relationship between
structure and the satisfaction of followers.
It clarified the relationship between structure,
performance and job satisfaction and the context of
type of work carried out. It argues that the
leadership style used is altered depending on the
followers need of clarity about what the
goal/expectation are, or how to get to them. Thus
leadership becomes a calculation of style
appropriate to achieving the goal along a defined
path
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The individual who exercise charismatic leadership
can be defined as leaders who “by force of their
personalities are capable of having profound and
extraordinary effects on followers.” In a simple
sense, this type of leaders are by born with
qualities a leader. It is a theory of leadership that
has gained much public administration. Followers
are attracted to charismatic and this theory
typically characterizes leadership as a role that is
granted by devoted followers rather than a given
position. It is said to be have three core aspectsenvisioning, empathy and empowerment. It makes
no distinction between good or bad, ethical or
immoral leadership. For example- Nelson
Mendella, Bongobondhu Sheikh Mozibur Rahman,
Yasir Arafat and so on.
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The Leader-Member-Exchange (LMX) theory of
leadership develops different exchange
relationships with followers and the quality of
these relationships influences the outcomes. It
sees that the relationship between the leader
and follower holds the key to the quality of the
outcome of the leadership act; the more
effective the relationship or exchange, the more
effective the result.
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The situational/contingency theories focused
on the need to look at context and claimed that
effective leadership is contingent on the
situation. In a simple sense, when a leader lead
his subordinates in a different ways based on
different situation then it will be known as
Situational/contingency theory of leadership.
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