Journal # 24
Why is it important to learn about
male and female anatomy?
Male and Female
Anatomy
STUDENTS WILL DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT,
SOCIAL SKILLS, AND STRATEGIES TO ENCOURAGE HEALTHY
RELATIONSHIPS AND HEALTHY GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
THROUGHOUT LIFE.
Reproductive System
Important Words of Male Anatomy
Sperm
Seminal vesicles
Puberty
Prostate
Testes
Cowper’s gland
Testosterone
Urethra
Epididymis
Penis
Vas deferens
Corpus cavernosum
Scrotum
Male Reproductive System
1. Sperm cell produced in the
testicles(testes)
Testicles are stored in the scrotum.
Testicles are the male reproductive organ
Testosterone is the male sex hormone
◦ Development of primary sex characteristics
◦ The Scrotum is responsible for protection and
regulating temperature. 2 degrees less.
◦ During Ejaculation up to 50 million sperm are
released from each testicle.
◦ Ejaculation-- semen forced out of the body.
2. Sperm travels through the
seminiferous tubules into the epididymis
Sperm cells mature in the epididymis until
they have matured
3. Sperm then travel through the vas
deferens.
In the vas deferens the sperm cell join with
other fluids from seminal vesicles, prostate
gland, and Cowper's gland.
The fluid is know as semen
Purpose of semen- protect in the vagina, aid
transport, and nutrients.
4. Semen enters the Urethra only during
an erection
When the male becomes
sexually aroused the
chambers (corpus
cavernosum) are filled
with extra blood.
The filling of the
chambers causes the
penis to elongate and
become more ridged.
This process is called an
erection.
Male Reproductive System
A nocturnal dream occurs
during deep sleep.
Sometimes while sleeping a
male will spontaneously
ejaculate.
Again, this is very common
and normal for males during
adolescences.
Male Reproductive Problems
Some noticeable symptoms of the male
reproductive system include:
◦ Uncomfortable rash
◦ Sores or lumps
◦ Painful urination
It is important that if a male has anyone of
these symptoms that he seek medical help
immediately.
Male Reproductive Problems
It is important that
males get regular
medical checkups.
Checkups help men
protect themselves
from problems.
Male Reproductive Problems
Some noticeable symptoms of the
male reproductive system include:
◦ Uncomfortable rash
◦ Sores or lumps
◦ Painful urination
It is important that if a male has
anyone of these symptoms that he
seek medical help immediately.
Male Reproductive Problems
1. Jock itch is an infection of the skin
by a fungus.
It often occurs when the scrotum and
groin skin stays hot a moist.
The symptoms are red, itchy, irritated
skin.
Jock it can be prevented by keeping
the area clean and dry.
Some over the counter creams or
ointments help relieve irritation.
Male Reproductive Problems
2. Inguinal hernia is a weakness in the
lower abdominal wall that allows a
small loop o intestine to bulge through
into the scrotum.
It is important that males get regular
checkups so that hernias can be
detected early.
Surgery is used to correct.
Male Reproductive Problems
3. An undescended testicle is a
development defect in which the
testicle has not dropped into the
scrotum.
An undescended testicle can
cause damage to the testicle by
not allowing it to produce sperm.
Surgery is used to correct.
Male Reproductive Problems
4. A urinary tract infection is an
infection of the urethra, bladder,
ureters, and/or kidneys.
Symptoms include pain and burning
during urination.
Sometimes the urine could be
bloody.
Medical treatment is required to
cure.
Antibiotics are used to treat.
Male Reproductive Problems
5. Testicular cancer is the uncontrolled growth of
cells in the testes.
Testicular usually does not cause pain therefore it
is important to get regular check ups and do self
exams.
Symptoms include enlargement of the testicle or a
pea-sixe lump on the testicle.
Surgery and chemotherapy are used as treatment.
If left untreated, the cancer cells can spread to
other parts of the body that can lead to death.
Testicular Exam
If possible, stand in front of a mirror.
Check for any swelling on the scrotal skin.
Examine each testis with both hands.
Place the index and middle fingers under
the testicle with the thumbs placed on top.
Roll the testicle gently between the thumbs
and fingers.
You shouldn't feel any pain when doing the
exam.
Testicular Exam
Don't be alarmed if one testicle seems slightly larger than the other, that's
normal.
Find the epididymis, the soft, tube like structure behind the testicle that stores
the sperm.
Be careful not to mistake this structure for a suspicious lump.
Cancerous lumps usually are found on the sides of the testicle but can also show
up on the front.
Lumps on or attached to the epididymis are not cancerous.
Testicular Exam
When conducting a Testicular Exam you are looking for any of the following:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Any enlargement of a testicle
A significant loss of size in one of the testicles
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
A dull ache in the lower abdomen or in the groin
A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
Pain or discomfort in a testicle or in the scrotum
If you have any of these symptoms; contact your doctor.
Waiting and hoping will not fix anything.
When in doubt, get it checked out!
Male Reproductive Problems
6. Testicular torsion occurs when
the testicle twists.
This causes the nerves and the
blood vessels to pinch which
causes swelling and pain.
Testicular torsion usually happens
during athletic activity.
Immediate medical care is
required to prevent damage to the
testicle.
Male Reproductive Problems
The urethra runs right
through the middle of the
prostate.
When the 7. prostate
enlarges, it can cause
frequent and slow urination.
This usually occurs with age.
There are some medications
and surgery that can help.
Care for the Male Body
Bathe regularly
Keep skin clean and dry
Always wear protective gear when playing
sports
Get regular check ups and report any pain,
swelling, tenderness, or lumps
Do regular testicular exams.
Abstain from sex before marriage to
prevent the spread of sexually transmitted
disease
Male Reproductive System Review
The following is brief review of the male reproductive system.
1.
Sperm and testosterone is produced in the testicles
2.
Sperm is the male sex cell.
3.
Testosterone is the male sex hormone.
4.
Sperm is stored in the epididymis until needed for ejaculation
5.
When a man becomes sexually aroused, the sperm leaves the epididymis into the vas deferens tube.
6.
The sperm passes through the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland where fluid is added to
protect the sperm.
7.
The combination of the sperm and fluid equals semen.
8.
The semen then travels down the urethra inside the penis.
9.
The semen is then ejaculated or forced out the tip of the penis.
J# 25
Why is it important to take care
of your bodies including
internal and external
reproductive organs?
Female Anatomy
Female Reproductive Anatomy
Ovaries
Ovum
Estrogen
Progesterone
Ovulation
Fallopian tubes
Fertilization
Uterus
Endometrium
Menstruation
Urethra
Vagina
1. Ovum starts in the ovaries
Ovum is the egg
Ovaries are the female reproductive organ
Estrogen and progesterone are the female
hormones
Born with 200,000 ova in each ovary. They are
called follicles before matured into developed
ovum.
2. During Ovulation the ova is released into
the fallopian tubes through the Fimbria
The sperm will need to meet the ova in
the fallopian tubes for pregnancy to
occur.
At this point if sperm are present
fertilization occurs
Ovulation
This process of releasing an egg into the
fallopian tube is called ovulation
Ovulation occurs on average every 28 days
On average it takes 7 days for an ovum to
reach the uterus.
3. In the Fallopian Tubes the sperm must meet
the egg/ovum in order for fertilization to
occur.
Sperm cells are unique in their shape and function.
Sperm cells have a head, midsection, and tail.
The head carries the genetic codes from the dad.
◦ XY for males XX for females
◦ 23 from sperm, 23 from egg.
The tail (flagellum) helps move the sperm through fluid.
Sperm can live up to 5 days.
4. The fertilized egg must attach itself to
the endometrium
If unfertilized the ovum will not attach
anywhere and exit the body.
Menstruation
The periodic discharge of
blood and mucosal tissue
from the inner lining of the
uterus through the vagina
Menstruation
Age 11-16.
female uterus
sloughing off the
inner membrane if
no fertilized egg
attaches to the
endometrium.
Menstruation
In order for ovulation to happen, the hormones must change
their balance
Sometimes this change in hormone balance can cause
women to have a change in behavior, moods, and emotions
This change is called PMS or premenstrual syndrome
But for those who do, their emotions,
behaviors, and normal physical functions
could change
Some of these changes include moodiness,
quick to anger, sadness, and tiredness
Cramping
In order for the uterus to release
all of the extra blood it must
contract or squeeze. This is called
cramping.
This is normal but uncomfortable
Female Reproductive System
It is important for teen girls
to track their period with
the use of a calendar
This tracking will help them
understand their menstrual
cycle and notify them of
any changes
Girls should count the
number of days from first
day of their period to the
first day of their next
period
Female Reproductive Problems
1. PMS
We already discussed earlier in the lesson
If someone thinks they might be having
extreme PMS it is important to seek help from
a physician
Medications can be given to help balance the
release of hormones during menstruation
Female Reproductive Problems
2. Urinary Track Infection
(UTI)
The symptoms of a UTI
include:
◦ Frequent urination
◦ Burning during
urination
◦ Fever
◦ Back ache
Antibiotics can be used to
cure a UTI but they must
be prescribed by a doctor
Female Reproductive Problems
3. Vaginitis
This is an infection in the vagina by bacteria, fungi, or protozoa
The symptoms include:
◦ Itching
◦ Odor
◦ Discharge from the vagina
Medical treatment is required to prescribe antibiotics and creams help to cure
Avoiding sexual activity (abstinence) and keeping the genital area dry helps avoid the spread and
growth
Female Reproductive Problems
4. Endometriosis
The endometrium is the lining of the wall of the uterus
Sometimes during the menstrual cycle the lining
(endometrium) will start to grow outside of the uterus in
the wrong places of the females body
During her period the endometrium will bleed and cause
pain
Hormones can help stop the abnormal growth although
surgery might be required
This abnormal growth of the endometrium can lead to
sterility (the inability to become pregnant)
Female Reproductive Problems
5. Toxic Shock Syndrome
This a bacterial infection of the reproductive system
Symptoms include:
◦ Fever
◦ Chills
◦ Weakness
◦ Rash on the palms of the hands
The main cause of toxic shock happens when females do not change their tampons and maxi
pads frequently during their periods
It is important for girls to follow the manufacture directions on how to proper use feminine
hygiene products and change them frequently (every 4-6 hours)
Immediate medical care is required for treatment with antibiotics
Female Reproductive Problems
6. Cervical, Uterine, & Ovarian Cancer
Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells
There may be no outward signs or symptoms of cancer
Because the cervix, uterus, and ovaries are all internal
organs, it is important for women to have yearly
physical exam
◦ Early detection increases the chances of treatment
Medical treatment is required
◦ Chemotherapy and surgery are used to kill and
remove cancer cells
Female Reproductive Problems
7. Breast Cancer
Breast are part of the female
reproductive system
It is important to perform self
breast exams monthly to check
for unusual lumps or thickening
If caught early, breast cancer can
be treated with greater success
Care for the Female Body
Bath or shower daily
Do not wear damp clothing longer than
necessary
Have regular doctor check-ups
Report changes such as pain, itching, discharge to
parents or doctor
Abstain from sex before marriage
Maintain good hygiene during menstrual periods
Cost of pregnancy
pregnancy
Fetus to adulthood