Table S1 | Anatomical and developmental characteristics of the human and mouse penis
Feature
Genital tubercle
Human
Yes
Reference
1
Mouse
Yes
1 Embryonic urethral groove
Urethral plate
Epithelial–epithelial fusion
Epithelial seam
Seam removal
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
4
4
9
9
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
9 Mesenchymal confluence
Preputial folds, fold fusion, epithelial seam and mesenchymal confluence
Yes
Yes 9
Yes
Yes
12 Ventral penile raphe
Pendulous penile body
Glans small relative to body
Prepuce
Corpus cavernosum
Os penis
MUMP fibrocartilage
Corpus spongiosum or corpus cavernosum urethrae*
Yes
Yes
Yes
One
Yes
No
No
Yes
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
Yes
No
No
Two
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Reference
2
2,3
2,5,6
3,7,8
3,8
3,8
3,8
2,3,8,10,11
7,13
13
13
7
8, 13
13
13
13
Corpus cavernosum glandis
MUMP corpus cavernosa
NA
NA
—
—
Yes
Yes
13
13
Penile growth and development are androgendependent
Yes 14 Yes 15
Androgen receptor expression in critical developing structures
Yes 16 Yes 7,15
Penile sex differentiation Prenatal 17 Prenatal and
Postnatal
15
* Human corpus spongiosum and mouse corpus cavernosum urethrae are homologous. Abbreviations: MUMP,
Male urogenital mating protuberance; NA, not applicable.

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