Schizophrenia Spectrum
Disorders
[Instructor Name]
[Class and Section Number]

Overview – Pt. 1
• Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
• Phenomenology of Schizophrenia
• Activity: The Disordered Monologue
• The Cognitive Neuroscience of Schizophrenia

Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
True or False:
1. Schizophrenia is a rare illness.
2. Schizophrenia is a brain disease.
3. Schizophrenia usually strikes older people.
4. More males than females develop schizophrenia.
5. Schizophrenia is caused by poor parenting.

Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
True or False:
6. Schizophrenia is caused by street drugs.
7. People who have schizophrenia are usually violent and dangerous.
8. People with schizophrenia have multiple or split personalities.
9. Schizophrenia can be successfully treated.
10.People with schizophrenia are developmentally disabled, i.e., they have a low level of intelligence.

Overview – Pt. 1
• Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
• Phenomenology of Schizophrenia
• Activity: The Disordered Monologue
• The Cognitive Neuroscience of Schizophrenia

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Eugen Bleuler, psychiatrist John Nash, mathematician

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Delusions False beliefs that are often fixed and hard to change even when the person is presented with conflicting information.

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Types of Delusions
 Persecutory
 Grandiose
 Reference
 Thought Insertion

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Hallucinations Perceptual experiences that occur even when there is no stimulus in the outside world generating the experiences

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Types of Hallucinations
 Auditory
 Visual
 Olfactory
 Gustatory
 Somatic

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Disorganized Speech Disorganized Behavior

Phenomenology of
Schizophrenia
Negative Symptoms
 Anhedonia
 Amotivation
 Flat Affect
 Alogia

Overview – Pt. 1
• Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
• Phenomenology of Schizophrenia
• Activity: The Disordered Monologue
• The Cognitive Neuroscience of Schizophrenia

Activity: The Disordered Monologue
Discussion:
 People with schizophrenia’s reactions to others’ perceptions of them?
 Seemingly bizarre and meaningless sentences meaningless to them?
 Frustrations for someone with schizophrenia trying to communicate with others?
Common Disturbances
 Loose associations
 Neologisms
 Perseveration
 Clanging
 Thought insertion/thought withdrawal
 Delusions of being controlled

Overview – Pt. 1
• Activity: Quiz about Schizophrenia
• Phenomenology of Schizophrenia
• Activity: The Disordered Monologue
• The Cognitive Neuroscience of Schizophrenia

The Cognitive Neuroscience of
Schizophrenia
Problems with cognitive function
 Episodic Memory
 Working Memory
 Processing Speed
Cognitive deficits =
RISK for schizophrenia

The Cognitive Neuroscience of
Schizophrenia
 Ventral Striatum  Anterior Prefrontal Cortex
 Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex  Hippocampus

Schizophrenia Spectrum
Disorders
Part 2: Risk Factors & Treatment

Overview – Pt. 2
• Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
• Treatment of Schizophrenia

Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
Genetic
 No “schizophrenia gene”
 Heterogeneous disorder
 Genes associated with other mental health conditions

Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
Environmental
 Problems during pregnancy
 Complications at birth
 Children born to older fathers
 Cannabis use
 Urban settings
 Minority status

Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome – Diagnosis added to DSM-V (Section III) describing individuals who show attenuated (milder) symptoms of psychosis.
 Developed recently
 Distress/Disability

Elyn Saks

Overview – Pt. 2
• Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
• Treatment of Schizophrenia

Treatment of Schizophrenia
Typical
Antipsychotics
Atypical
Antipsychotics

Treatment of Schizophrenia
Cognitive Enhancement
Therapy (CET)
 Cognitive remediation treatment
 Improves cognition & social cognition
 Prevents gray matter loss

Appendix A: Symptoms

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Photo Attribution
Photo Credit: Marco Castellani http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Schizophrenia_image.jpg
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Photo Credit: Peter Badge http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr._by_Peter_Badge.jpg
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Photo Credit: Craig Finn http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artistic_view_of_how_the_world_feels_like_with_schizophrenia_-
_journal.pmed.0020146.g001.jpg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5
Photo Credit: Tim Shields BC https://www.flickr.com/photos/45203414@N02/4241490089/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
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Photo Credit: Kim J, Matthews NL, Park S http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Schizophrenia_fMRI_working_memory.jpg http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5
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Photo Credit: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ELYN_SAKS_9.JPG