KEY CONCEPT 5.3
NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION,
& REFORM
Mr. Millhouse – AP World History – Hebron H.S.
The Enlightenment
Enlightenment philosophers, such as Voltaire, Rousseau, Locke, Montesquieu, applied new
ways of understanding the natural world to human relationships, religion, and politics
Influence of the Enlightenment

Enlightenment thinkers influenced resistance to
existing political authority
 Required
examples of revolutionary documents:
 American
Declaration of Independence
 French Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
 Simon Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter

Enlightenment ideas also challenged existing notions
of social relations such as
 Expanded
 Reform
 Abolition
suffrage (rise of democracy)
Bill of 1832
of slavery
 End of serfdom
Rise of Nationalism

Nationalism brought
nations together

Germany


Gandhi is a major
nationalist leader
next unit!

Italy
Nationalism tore empires
apart


Otto von Bismarck
Ottomans & Greek
independence
Nationalism goes global
Indian National Congress
 Chinese Nationalist Party

Rising Discontent with Imperial Rule

Subjects challenged imperial governments
 Potential
examples:
 China:
White Lotus Rebellion (failed)
 Russia: Pugachev Rebellion (failed)


See Eurasian Empires PPT from 1450-1750 Unit
Required examples of successful rebellions:
 American
Revolution
 French Revolution
 Haitian Revolution
 Latin American independence movements
Questioning imperial authority +
nationalism = anticolonial movements
Potential examples of anticolonial movements include:
• Sepoy Rebellion 1757
• Boxer Rebellion 1900 (pictured above)
Rebellions with Religious Influence
Potential examples of rebellions influenced by religious ideas and
millenarianism include:
• Taiping Rebellion 1850-1865 (pictured above)
• Mahdi in Egypt, Sioux Indian Ghost Dance movement, etc.
Frequent rebellions led to reforms in
imperial policies
Potential examples of reform movements include:
• Tanzimat Reforms in Ottoman Empire (pictured above)
• Self-Strengthening Movement in China
Rise of new transnational ideologies
Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of political
ideologies including liberalism, socialism, and communism
Rise of feminism & women’s suffrage

Potential examples of
demands for women’s
suffrage and the rise
of feminism:
 Mary
Wollstonecraft’s
A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman
 Seneca Falls
Conference of 1848
(8th grade U.S. history)