Prabhaker Mateti

• There are not going to be any defs.
• Essential characteristcs?
• Reconsider this topic at the end of the term
CEG436: Mobile Computing 2

Sensors, embedded controllers
Pager
• receive only
• tiny displays
• simple text messages
PDA
• graphical displays
• character recognition
• simplified WWW
Laptop/Notebook
• fully functional
• standard applicatio ns
Mobile phones
• voice, data
• simple graphical displays
Smartphone
• tiny keyboard
• simple versions of standard applications performance
No clear separation between device types possible
(e.g. smart phones, embedded PCs, …)
CEG436: Mobile Computing 3

• 2011: There are 5.3 billion mobile subscribers
– == 77% of the world population.
– Growth is led by China and India.
• 2009: Half a billion accessed mobile Internet.
• 2008: Cell Phones Key to Teens’ Social Lives,
47% Can Text with Eyes Closed.
CEG436: Mobile Computing 4

Introductory price US$529 unlocked; US$179 with 2 year contract
CEG436: Mobile Computing 5

• Bunch of numbers … next few slides
• Worth watching:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0aUQLIPdtg8
• 3min 11 secs
• by Sybase Inc
• Sep 9, 2010
CEG436: Mobile Computing 6

12/2004
04/2006
Q4/2007
•
• Total Global Mobile Users
869M / 1.52G / 2G / 3.3G
• Total Analogue Users 71M / 34M / 1M
• Total US Mobile users 145M / 140M
• Total Global GSM users 680M / 1.25G
1.5G /
2.7G
• Total Global CDMA Users 127M / 202M
• Total TDMA users 84M / 120M
• Total European users 283M / 343M
• Total African users 18.5M / 53M / 83M
• Total 3G users 130M / 130M
• Total South African users 13.2M / 19M / 30M
• European Prepaid Penetration 63%
• European Mobile Penetration 70.2%
• Global Phone Shipments 2001 393M / 1G 2008
• Global Phone Sales 2Q02 96.7M
• #1 Mobile Country China (139M / 300M )
• #1 GSM Country China (99M / 282M / 483M )
• #1 SMS Country Philipines
• #1 Handset Vendor 2Q02 Nokia (37.2%)
• #1 Network In Africa Vodacom (6.6M / 11M )
• #1 Network In Asia Unicom ( 153M )
• #1 Network In Japan DoCoMo
• #1 Network In Europe T-Mobile (22M / 28M )
• #1 In Infrastructure Ericsson
• SMS Sent Globally 1Q 60T / 135G / 235G / 650
G
• SMS sent in UK 6/02 1.3T / 2.1G
• SMS sent Germany 1Q02 5.7T
• GSM Countries on Air 171 / 210 / 220
• GSM Association members 574 / 839
• Total Cost of 3G Licenses in Europe 110T€
• SMS/month/user 36 sources: www.cellular.co.za/stats/stats-main.htm
www.gsmworld.com
The figures vary a lot depending on the statistic, creator of the statistic etc.!
CEG436: Mobile Computing
7

Worldwide Smartphone Landscape TBD
Source: AdMob traffic
CEG436: Mobile Computing 8
8

Worldwide Smartphone Traffic Trends
Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08
WW Smartphone OS Share
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
M ay-08
Sym bian
Jun-08 Jul-08
Window s Mobile RIM
Aug-08
Palm
Sep-08 iPhone
WW Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic
30%
25%
20%
15%
M ay-08
CEG436: Mobile Computing
Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08
9
9

US Smartphone Landscape
Source: AdMob traffic
10
CEG436: Mobile Computing
10

11
US Smartphone Traffic Trends
Source: AdMob traffic, Sept. ‘08
US Smartphone OS Share
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
M ay-08
RIM
Jun-08
Window s Mobile
Jul-08
Palm
Aug-08 iPhone
Sep-08
Sym bian
US Smartphone Share of Total Mobile Traffic
30%
25%
20%
15%
M ay-08
CEG436: Mobile Computing
Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08
11

CEG436: Mobile Computing 12

CEG436: Mobile Computing 13

Key Global Telecom Indicators for the World Telecommunication Service Sector in 2010
(all figures are estimates)
Global
Dvloped nations
Dvlping nations Africa
Arab
States
Asia &
Pacific
CIS Europe Americas
Mobile cellular subscriptions
(millions)
Per 100 people
Fixed telephone lines
(millions)
Per 100 people
Mobile broadband subscriptions
(millions)
Per 100 people
Fixed broadband subscriptions
(millions) per 100 people
5,282
76.2%
1,197
17.3%
940
13.6%
555
8.0%
1,436
116.1%
506
40.9%
631
51.1%
304
24.6%
3,846
67.6%
691
12.1%
309
5.4%
251
4.4%
333
41.4%
13
1.6%
29
3.6%
1
0.2%
282
79.4%
33
9.4%
34
9.7%
8
2.3%
Source: International Telecommunication Union (October 2010)
2,649
67.8%
549
14.0%
278
7.1%
223
5.7%
364 741
131.5% 120.0%
74
72
24
8.7%
249
26.6% 40.3%
286
25.9% 46.3%
148
23.9% via:
880
94.1%
262
28.1%
226
24.2%
145
15.5% mobiThinking
CEG436: Mobile Computing 14

Worldwide smartphone operating system (OS) market share, according to Gartner
Smartphone OS market share and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), according to IDC
OS
2009 market share
2010 market share
2011 market share
2015 market
Share
2011 market share
2015 market
Share
Android
BlackBerry iOS
Symbian
3.9%
19.9%
14.4%
46.9%
22.7%
16.0%
15.7%
37.6%
38.5%
13.4%
19.4%
19.2%
48.8%
11.1%
17.2%
0.1%
39.5%
14.9%
15.7%
20.9%
45.4%
13.7%
15.3%
0.2%
Windows
Phone/Mobile
Others
8.7%
6.1%
4.2%
3.8%
5.6%
3.9%
19.5%
3.3%
5.5%
3.5%
20.9%
4.6%
Total smartphones sold
172 million 297 million 468 million 631 million
Source: Gartner (April 2011)
450 million N/A
Source:
2011)
IDC (March
2011-
2015
CAGR
23.8%
17.1%
18.8%
-65.0%
67.1%
28.0%
19.6% via: mobiT hinking
CEG436: Mobile Computing 15

• We can imagine just about every application to have a version implemented on the mobile platform
– computing (both CPU and RAM) capacity
– storage expectations
– graphics/ display expectations
– ui expectations
CEG436: Mobile Computing 16

• Vehicles
– transmission of news, road condition, weather, music via DAB/DVB-T
– personal communication using GSM/UMTS/LTE
– position via GPS
– local ad-hoc network with vehicles close-by to prevent accidents, guidance system, redundancy
– vehicle data (e.g., from busses, high-speed trains) can be transmitted in advance for maintenance
• Emergencies
– early transmission of patient data to the hospital, current status, first diagnosis
– replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc.
– crisis, war, ...
CEG436: Mobile Computing 17

UMTS, WLAN,
DAB, DVB, GSM, cdma2000, TETRA, ...
Personal Travel Assistant,
PDA, Laptop,
GSM, UMTS, WLAN,
Bluetooth, ...
18 CEG436: Mobile Computing

DSL/ WLAN
3 Mbit/s
115 kbit/s
Bluetooth 500 kbit/s
LAN
100 Mbit/s,
WLAN
54 Mbit/s
UMTS
2 Mbit/s
GSM/EDGE 384 kbit/s,
DSL/WLAN 3 Mbit/s
GSM 115 kbit/s,
WLAN 11 Mbit/s
CEG436: Mobile Computing
UMTS, GSM
384 kbit/s
19

• Traveling salesmen
– direct access to customer files stored in a central location
– consistent databases for all agents
– mobile office
• Replacement of fixed networks
– remote sensors, e.g., weather, earth activities
– flexibility for trade shows
– LANs in historic buildings
• Entertainment, education, ...
– outdoor Internet access
– intelligent travel guide with up-to-date location dependent information
– ad-hoc networks for multi user games
CEG436: Mobile Computing 20

• Location aware services
– what services, e.g., printer, fax, phone, server etc. exist in the local environment
• Follow-on services
– automatic call-forwarding, transmission of the actual workspace to the current location
• Information services
– “push”: e.g., current special offers in the supermarket
– “pull”: e.g., where is the Black Forrest Cheese Cake?
• Support services
– caches, intermediate results, state information etc. “follow” the mobile device through the fixed network
• Privacy
– who should gain knowledge about the location
CEG436: Mobile Computing 21

• Power consumption
– limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity
– CPU: power consumption ~ CV 2 f
• C: internal capacity, reduced by integration
• V: supply voltage, can be reduced to a certain limit
• f: clock frequency, can be reduced temporally
• Loss of data
– higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects, theft)
• Limited user interfaces
– compromise between size of fingers and portability
– integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols
• Limited memory (always in relation to e.g. PCs)
– limited usage of mass memories with moving parts
– flash-memory or ? as alternative
CEG436: Mobile Computing 22

• Higher loss-rates due to interference
– emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning
• Restrictive regulations of frequencies
– frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied
• Lower transmission rates
– local some Mbit/s, regional currently, e.g., 53kbit/s with GSM/GPRS or about 150 kbit/s using EDGE – soon Mbit/s with LTE
• Higher delays, higher jitter
– connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems – soon in ms range with LTE
• Lower security, simpler active attacking
– radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones
• Always shared medium
– secure access mechanisms important
CEG436: Mobile Computing 23

• Wireless Communication
– transmission quality (bandwidth, error rate, delay)
– modulation, coding, interference
– media access, regulations
– ...
• Mobility
– location dependent services
– location transparency
– quality of service support (delay, jitter, security)
– ...
• Portability
– power consumption
– limited computing power, sizes of display, ...
– usability
– ...
CEG436: Mobile Computing 24

Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Radio
Network
Data Link
Physical
Network
Data Link
Physical
Medium
Application
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
CEG436: Mobile Computing 25

Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Data link layer
Physical layer service location new/adaptive applications multimedia congestion/flow control quality of service addressing, routing device location hand-over authentication media access/control multiplexing encryption modulation interference attenuation frequency
CEG436: Mobile Computing 26

integration of heterogeneous fixed and mobile networks with varying transmission characteristics regional vertical handover metropolitan area campus-based horizontal handover
CEG436: Mobile Computing in-house
27

• CEG 402 is officially listed as a prerequisite.
• Ideally, also CEG 433 Operating Systems.
– Processes and Threads
– File Systems
• Fluency in
– Java is expected.
– Objective C is not expected.
• Linux experience: at least CEG 233
• Android related Java issues will be discussed.
• Eclipse IDE for Android will be introduced.
• Would be great: own a spare Android phone
• Objective C will be introduced.
• Lab facilities available, but better to have your own personal computer.
CEG436: Mobile Computing 29

Midterm
Final
Lab L1: Case Study
Lab L2: Case Study
Lab L3: Extend an App
Lab L4: Extend an App on-line but no surfing on-line but no surfing
In Android
In iOS
Your choice: Android/iOS
Your choice: Android/iOS
05
10
10
% wt
30
40
05
CEG436: Mobile Computing 30

1 Course overview , prerequisites;
Android Development-1 : Java, Eclipse, ADT, Hello-
World; iOS Development
2 Mobile Sys Characteristics; Wireless/Cellular
Technologies : 802.11, Bluetooth, CDMA, GSM,
GPRS, UMTS, 2G, 3G, 4G
3 Android Development-2 : OS refresher, Services,
Widgets, Live WP, sensors, case studies
4 Android Internals , iOS Internals
5 Mobile IP : addressing, agents, ad hoc routing
6 Mobile TCP
6 Midterm
CEG436: Mobile Computing 31

7 Mobile Computing issues : Life cycle of processes, almost no swap space, battery conservation; Middleware; Location,
8 Android Devlopment-3 : After market firmware development
9 Security and Privacy : SMS attacks, Android
Injector a Mobile-, Distributed-, Cloud-, Ubiquitous-,
Pervasive-, ..., Computing b Final
CEG436: Mobile Computing 32

• All of CEG 436
• One additional project or term paper
CEG436: Mobile Computing 33

• www.cs.wright.edu/~pmateti/Courses/436/Top/ WSU CEG 436/636:
Mobile Computing; Weekly Schedule, Syllabus, Discussion, Old
Exams, ReadingList, Links, Lab Facilities
• developer.android.com/ Android Developer
• developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/ iOS Dev Center
• www.sigmobile.org/ International ACM community of researchers and practitioners who: Perform research in the theory and practice of all areas related to the mobility of systems, users, data, and computing; Expand the evolution of portable computers and wireless networks; Support the convergence of mobility, computing, and information organization; and Improve access, services, management, and applications for mobile computing and communications.
CEG436: Mobile Computing 34

• “Everyware: The Dawning
Age of Ubiquitous
Computing”
• Adam Greenfield
• Paperback: 272 pages
• Publisher: New Riders
Publishing; March 2006
• ISBN-10: 0321384016
• http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=_PKNbueOF5U
CEG436: Mobile Computing 35

• “Where the Action Is: The
Foundations of Embodied
Interaction”
• Paul Dourish
• Paperback: 245 pages
• Publisher: The MIT Press;
New edition edition
(August 20, 2004)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 0262541785
• ISBN-13: 978-0262541787
CEG436: Mobile Computing 36

• Digital Ground:
Architecture, Pervasive
Computing, and
Environmental Knowing
• Malcolm McCullough
• Paperback: 290 pages
• Publisher: The MIT Press;
(September 23, 2005)
• ISBN-10: 9780262633277
• Review
CEG436: Mobile Computing 37

• “Wireless Internet and
Mobile Computing:
Interoperability and
Performance”
• Yu-Kwong Ricky Kwok ,
Vincent K.N. Lau
• August 2007
• Publisher: Wiley, John &
Sons, Incorporated
• ISBN: 0471679682
CEG436: Mobile Computing 38

• “Computer Networks”
• Andrew S. Tanenbaum,
David J. Wetherall
• 960 pp, 2011, 5/E
• Prentice Hall ISBN-10:
0132126958
• Slides etc: http://authors.phptr.co
m/tanenbaumcn4/
CEG436: Mobile Computing 39

• “Mobile Communications”
• Jochen Schiller
• Paperback: 492 pages
• Addison Wesley; 2 edition
(September 2003)
• ISBN-10: 9780321123817
CEG436: Mobile Computing 40

• Because CEG 436 is a 10-week term course skipped for now …
• refreshers on
– Operating Systems
– TCP/IP Networking
– Cellular Telephony
• “Definitions”
– Mobile Devices/Smart Phone
– What is Android?
CEG436: Mobile Computing 41