The Clash of Cultures
Ian Gonzales, Lexi Green, David Huston, Riley Isch, Ellie Reinhart
Senior Division
Primary Sources:
Conwell, Rick. The Battle of Tippecanoe. Lafayette: Tippecanoe County Historical
Association, 2013. Print.
We found this booklet at the Museum at Prophetstown. We used quotes from
this booklet, biographical information, and information about the Battle of
Tippecanoe. The quotes that we used came from people living during the time
period and served to reinforce many of our main points.
Harrison, William Henry. Letter to Knox County. 30 June 1810. Web. 24 April 2014.
<http://memory.loc.gov/master/mss/mjm/12/0300/0382d.jpg>
<http://memory.loc.gov/master/mss/mjm/12/0300/0383.jpg>
This letter details the military movement in Knox County. It was used toshow the
beginnings of war between the Native American Confederacy and the Indiana
settlers.
Council of Governor Harrison and Tecumseh at Vincennes, Indiana 1809. Engraving.
Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana. Web.
http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/P0391/id/857/rec/48
This piece is an artistic rendition of the meeting between Tecumseh and Governor
Harrison in Vincennes. It was used to show the rising tension between the Native
Americans and the settlers.
Currier, N. General William H. Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe. 1840. Engraving.
Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana. Web.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/dc014/id/133/rec/14>
This painting illustrates Harrison on his horse, riding over the bodies of Native
Americans. It was used on our website to convey that the domination of superior
warfare is ruthless and leads to the loss of many lives.
Delaware Tribe and the Indiana Territory. “Treaty With the Delawares, Etc,
1803.”Oklahoma State Library. Web. 4 April 2014.
<http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/pgimages/del0064.jpg>
This is a treaty between the Eel River Tribe and the Indiana Territory for a great
sum of land. This document was used to reveal the nature of treaties between the
two sides.
Eel River Tribe and the Indiana Territory. “Treaty With the Eel River, Etc,
1803.”Oklahoma State Library. Web. 4 April 2014.
<http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/pgimages/eel0066.jpg>
This is a treaty between the Eel River Tribe and the Indiana Territory for a great
sum of land. This document was used to reveal the nature of treaties between the
two sides.
Ewbank, Louis B., and Dorothy L. Riker. Laws of the Indiana Territory 1809-1816, The.
Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1934. Print.
This was a formal document including the laws of the Indiana Territory from
1809-1816. One law prohibits the sale of alcohol to Native Americans and was
used in conjunction with a quote from Towana Spivey to prove the effects of
alcohol on the Native Americans.
General House of Representatives. 1816. Washington D.C. Web. 8 May 2014.
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.library.nd.edu/iwsearch/we/Evans/?p_product=EAIX&p_theme=eai&p_nbid=U56P4BTGMTM5N
zU4NzIyMi42MDA1ODoxOjE0OjEyOS43NC4yNTAuMjA2&p_action=doc&p_
queryname=1&p_docref=v2:0F2B1FCB879B099B@EAIX104405E3E93F8A30@39444-113D8D75B2571D90@1>
This was the official document allowing for full statehood for Indiana. This was
used to reinforce the progressive nature of the Indiana Territory and their long run
prosperity.
Gideon, Jacob. William Henry Harrison 1840 campaign leaflet. America’s Story. Web.
26 April 2014.
<http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/harrison/aa_harrison_wharrison3_2_e.html>
This pamphlet was used as propaganda in the 1840 election. It reveals the positive
and lasting effects of military leadership on William Henry Harrison as he used it
to win the presidential election.
Harrison, William Henry. Letter to Thomas Jefferson. 1803. Print. Web. 3 March 2014.
<http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/active_learning/explorations/indian_removal/je
fferson_to_harrison.cfm>
This was a letter from William Henry Harrison to Thomas Jefferson. This letter
was used to reveal Harrison’s Native American removal plan past the Mississippi.
Harrison, William Henry. Letter to Thomas Jefferson. 29 August 1805 Print. Web. 3
March 2014.
<http://founders.archives.gov/?q=William%20Henry%20Harrison%20Author%2
53A%2522Harrison%252C%20William%20Henry%2522&s=1111311111&sa=
&r=7&sr>
This was a letter from William Henry Harrison to Thomas Jefferson on the affairs
of the Indiana Territory. This letter was used to reveal the intent of William
Henry Harrison to use the Native Americans as a benefit to the United States.
Harrison, William Henry. Letter to Thomas Jefferson. 20 April 1812. Print.
<http://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-04-02-0517>
This is a letter from William Henry Harrison to Thomas Jefferson on the affairs of
the Indiana Territory. The third paragraph mentions the Prophet and warns of his
possible danger. This was used to show that the settlers feared the Native
Americans
Harrison, William Henry. Letter to a cashier of the Bank of the United States. 07 June
1806. Web. 4 April 2014.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dc050/id/2172/
rec/146>
This was a letter that Harrson sent to the cashier of the Bank of the United States
directing the payment of $150 dollars to John Wilkins. The portrait displayed at
the top was used as a navigational picture between tabs.
Harrison, Willaim Henry. Letter to William Eustis. 24 July 1811. Web. 4 April 2014.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dc050/id/669/r
ec/26>
The tensions leading up to the battle was great. It is exemplified in this letter as
Harrison reports on Tecumseh's soon arrival to Vincennes, explaining his
preparations should Tecumseh come with a large number of warriors.
Hawes, Josiah Johnson, and Southworth, Albert Sands, William Henry Harrison.
Metropolitan Museum of Art: New York City, New York. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/268344>
This is a painting of William Henry Harrison and serves as a depiction of
Harrison for the navigation page.
Kappler, Charles J. Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Treaty with the Delawares,
ETC. 1809. Government Printing Press, 1904. Web. 8 March 2014.
This document is a transcribed copy of the Treaty of Fort Wayne as signed
between the United States and the Delware, Miami, Eel River, and
the Pattawatima tribes. This document was used to provide evidence of treaties
between the Native Americans and the Indiana Territory.
Peale, Rembrandt. William Henry Harrison. 1813. Smithsonian Institute, Washington
D.C. Web 8 March 2014.
This painting depicted William Henry Harrison as a strong and respectable man.
This painting was used to illuminate William Henry Harrison as a military leader.
Lambdin, James R and J. Sartain. William Henry Harrison—Late President of the United
States. 1841. Library of Congress. Engraving. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96522236/>
We used this source to show William Henry Harrison as a civilian leader.
Although this portrait was created posthumously, we consider this a primary
source because the artists had known William Henry Harrison in life.
Mason, Augustus L. The Shawanese prophet and Tecumseh. Print. 1814. Web. 14 April
24, 2014.<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/cph.3a20703/>
This is a sketch of Tecumseh among other native americans, and was used on our
website as a navigational photo.
Miller, Pete. Personal Interview. 19 May 2014.
Pete Miller graciously gave us a quote on the underrepresentation of Native
Americans that was used under the Conclusion tab.
Roosevelt, Theodore. The Winning of the West. New York City: The Current
Literature Publishing Company, 1904. Web. 11 March 2014.
<https://archive.org/details/winningwest14roosgoog>
While serving as President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt wrote this
book in response to Helen Hunt Jackson’s A Century of Dishonor. We used a
quote from this book to encapsulate the traditional American view on the theory
on Native American claims to land.
Tecumseh, Shawnee Chief. “Tecumseh’s Speech to Governor William Henry Harrison,
Vincennes” Indiana Historical Society. Speech. Web.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/dc050/id/560/r
ec/45>
Above is the record of a speech that Tecumseh gave to Governor William Henry
Harrison relaying many of his grievances against the treatment of his people by
Harrison. This document was used on to reinforce the notion that peaceful treaties
were no longer an option. The grievances listed in this speech were issues that the
tribes felt compelled to resolve.
Tecumseh. 1812, Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis, Indiana. Web.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/dc010/id/60/rec/55
This was a sketch of Tecumseh and was used as a navigational photo between
tabs.
United States. Congress. House. “Report of the Committee to Whom were Referred a
Letter from William Henry Harrison” 1804. Washington D.C. Web. 24 April
2014. <http://infoweb.newsbank.com.proxy.library.nd.edu/iwsearch/we/Evans/?p_product=EAIX&p_theme=eai&p_nbid=G67S53OOMTM5O
DM3Mzg3NC43MjYyOTI6MToxNDoxMjkuNzQuMjUwLjIwNg&p_action=doc
&p_queryname=1&p_docref=v2:10400561EDA913B8@EAIX1044052FE65B3AA8@7617-107202252D176D30@3>
This document discusses many issues in the Indiana Territory including the
obtainment of new land. The document was used on our website to show the
advantage of the land.
Wilson, Johnson. Battle of Tippecanoe. 1810. Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis,
Indiana. Web.
<http://images.indianahistory.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/V0002/id/3701/rec/21 >
This was a painting depicting the Battle of Tippecanoe. It’s mood is much more
violent and gruesome than other depictions and therefore is used to convey the
real aspects of bloody warefare.
Secondary Sources:
Allison and Kurz, Battle of Tippecanoe, 15 October, 1889, Washington D.C. Web 8
March 2014 <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003656861/>
We used this piece to illustrate the intensity of the Battle of Tippecanoe an
function as a division between Harrison’s people and Tecumseh’s people.
Bell, Ashlety Neonta. 2005. Neolin and Tenskwatawa: A Comparison of Two Nativist
Prophets. Western Oregon University, Monmouth.
This dissertation was used especially to get a deeper understanding of
Tenskwatawa’s message and how it fit into a greater cultural struggle.
Chapin, John Rueben and W. William Ridgway. General Harrison & Tecumseh. n.d.
Engraving. New York Public Library, New York City.
<http://nypl.bibliocommons.com/item/show/20093153052907_the_historical_pict
ure_gallery,_or,_scenes_and_incidents_in_american_history>
This piece shows the confrontation between Tecumseh and Harrison at
Grouseland at its climax. We used this piece to showcase the violent tension felt
between Tecumseh and Harrison.
Cody, Robert Tree and Clipman, Will. 2006. Heart of the Wind. Heart of the Wind:
Music for Native American Flute.
Cody’s and Clipman’s Heart of the Wind was used on each of Tecumseh’s tabs to
differentiate and contrast between Harrison and Tecumseh.
Conflict Continues, The. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1995. Print.
This booklet was published as a means to tell the story of the people and events
that we researched in a conversationalist manor from many different perspectives.
We used the insight given into the motives of several historical figures and
several quotes.
Conwell, Rick. The Battle of Tippecanoe. Lafayette: Tippecanoe County Historical
Association, 2013. Print.
We found this booklet at the Museum at Prophetstown. We used quotes from
this booklet, biographical information, and information about the Battle of
Tippecanoe. The quotes that we used came from people living during the time
period.
“Tecumseh Meeting with William Henry Harrison” 2008. Web.
<http://www.jimcarsonstudio.com/available-work/1/tecumseh-meeting-withwilliam-henry-harrison>
This painting depicts a serene meeting between the two sides. It was used as a
painting to support Harrison’s side of diplomacy.
“Euro-American/American Indian Relations” Expansionism by the United States (17851815) Web. 28 March 2014.
This website provides an in depth view of the United States expansion into the
Indiana Territory. It was especially helpful in the overview of diplomatic missions
between the settlers and the Native Americans.
Evolution of a Sanctified Landscape, The: A Historic Resource Study of the Lincoln
Boyhood National Memorial. Cincinatti: HRA Gray & Pope, 2002. Web.
<http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/libo/hrs/appa1.htm>
We utilized the maps in this online book to create an interactive graphic showing
the tracts of land that Native Americans sold over time.
Gast, John. Spirit of the Frontier. 1872. Oil on canvas. Library of Congress,
Washington D.C.
<http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/American_progress.JPG>
Although created after our research focus, this piece exemplifies a widely help
American belief during the early 19th century—Manifest Destiny.
Guerber, Story of the Great Republic. “Story of the Great Republic.” Heritage History. Web. 26
April 2014. <http://www.heritagehistory.com/?c=read&author=guerber&book=republic&story=gerrymander>
This online book gives an overview of the Battle of Tippecanoe. It was used for research
as well as the picture named The Battle of Tippecanoe.
Gideon, Jacob Jr. General William Henry Harrison Campaign of 1840 Leaflet. 1840.
Library of Congress, Washington D.C. Web. 11 March 2014
<http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/harrison/aa_harrison_wharrison3_3_e.html>
This document is a poster that was used as propaganda for Harrison’s 1840
presidential election. In the project, it used to illustrate how Harrison’s success at
the Battle of Tippecanoe helped give him national fame.
Harrison Land Act. Ohio History Central. Web. 8 February 2014.
<http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Harrison_Land_Act?rec=1478>
This site summarizes the Harrison Land Act of 1800 and the effects that it had on
the settlement of the region. This site was helpful in conducting initial research
on William Henry Harrison’s rise to power.
Jourtner, Adam. The Gods of Propehtstown. New York City: Oxford University Press,
2012. Print.
Adam Jourtner is a professor of history at Auburn University. This book was
helpful in understanding the motives that each side had for its actions and viewing
the events of our research through the eyes of religion.
Kent, Chatham. “Tecumseh (b. 1768 – October 5, 1813)” The War of 1812. Web. 24
April 2014 <http://ckwarof1812.weebly.com/tecumseh.html>
This website reviews Tecumseh’s life and was helpful for finding pictures for our
website.
Knudson, Douglass M. Tippercanoe Battlefield. Lawrenceburg: The Creative
Company, 1997. Print.
We used this source to give us perspective on Tecumseh’s childhood and
leadership style.
Kuron, Frank E. "Thus Fell Tecumseh" N.p.: Kuron, 2011. Print.
This book chronicles Tecumseh’s life and death from a unique perspective. We
took information from it regarding Tecumseh’s childhood and leadership
practices.
Lambdin, James R and J. Sartain. William Henry Harrison—Late President of the United
States. 1841. Library of Congress. Engraving. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/96522236/>
We used this source to show William Henry Harrison as a civilian leader.
Although this portrait was created posthumously, we consider this a primary
source because the artists had known William Henry Harrison in life.
Le Dru, Pierre. Tecumtha. 1869. Pencil on paper. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/r14310/Sulte/Tecumseh.html>
This is a sketch of Tecumseh. Used as a navigational picture between tabs.
Lossing, Benson John. Tecumseh. 1868. “The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812.”
Web. 8 March 2014. <https://archive.org/details/fieldbookswar181200lossrich>
This is a collection of photographs that scope the period of 1800-1840. We used
this paintings from this book to depict Tecumseh as a dignified warrior. Since
Lossing had never seen Tecumseh and created this painting based off of pencil
sketch by Pierre le Dru, we concluded that this is a secondary source.
Perry, Frances. “The Story of Tecumseh” Heritage history. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.heritagehistory.com/?c=read&author=perry&book=indians&story=tecumseh>
This website was helpful for the finding of primary source paintings as well as an
overview of Tecumseh’s life.
Hall, Doug. “Red Coat – Shawnee Chief Tecumseh, 1812” Doug Hall’s Huckleberry
Forest Studio. Web. 24 April 24, 2014. <http://www.doughallart.com/red-coat/>
This painting depicts Tecumseh on his horse holding a weapon. This painting was
used to support Tecumseh’s readiness for war.
Spivey, Towana. Letter to the author. 9 March 2014.
<https://www.chickasaw.tv/history-timeline/video/towana-spivey-hall-offame/list/first-chickasaw-hall-of-fame-videos>
Towana Spivey studied history at Southeastern Oklahoma State University and
has a master’s degree in archeology/anthropology and museum studies from the
University. Towana was graciously allowed us to interview him via email. This
correspondence gave us in depth information on Native American culture and USNative American relations. Through this interview we were directed towards the
Comanche Nation v. US -- Federal Construction at Fort Sill federal case.
Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Illyich, 1880. 1812 Overture. Perf. London Symphoney Orchestra.
MP3.
Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture was used on each of William Henry Harrison’s tabs
to differentiate and contrast between Harrison and Tecumseh.
“Tecumseh Meeting with William Henry Harrison” 2008. Web.
<http://www.jimcarsonstudio.com/available-work/1/tecumseh-meeting-withwilliam-henry-harrison>
This painting depicts a serene meeting between the two sides. It was used as a
painting to support Harrison’s side of diplomacy.
Portland State University. Fur Trader. 1 October, 2001. Web. 11 March 2014.
<http://www.iroquoisdemocracy.pdx.edu/html/furtrader.htm>
This is a website describing the effect of alcohol on fur trading in the Indiana
Territory. The information on this website influenced our views on alcohol
influence in treaty negotiations.
Waldron, Jeremy. Property and Ownership. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,
2004. Web. 8 March 2014. <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/property/>
This website details several philosopher’s views on the nature of ownership. We
used this site to gain a deeper understanding of Locke’s Labor Theory of
Property.
Webster, J. Homer. William Henry Harrison’s Administration of the Indiana Territory.
Indianapolis: Sentinel Printing Company, 1907. Web.
<http://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/imh/article/view/5641/5004>
Webster J. Homer was a historian who published this book through the Indiana
Historical Society. This book gave us a greater understanding of inter-tribal
relationships, the negotiations at Fort Wayne, the confrontation between Harrison
and Tecumseh at Grouseland, and the Battle at Prophetstown.
“William Henry Harrison” U.S. History; William Henry Harrison Biography. Magazine
USA. Web. 04 February 2014.
<http://www.magazineusa.com/us/info/show.aspx?unit=history&doc=209&dsc=
William-Henry-Harrison-Biography>
This website gives a quick in depth view of William Henry Harrison’s life. This
information was helpful in the creation of Harrison’s rise to power tab.
William Henry Harrison. NNDB, 2014. Web. 8 March 2014.
<http://www.nndb.com/people/886/000031793/>
NNDB is an, “intelligence aggregator that tracks the activities of people we have
determined to be noteworthy.” We used the information on this page for William
Henry Harrison’s biographical information, particularly his military and political
careers.
William Henry Harrison. The White House, 2014. Web. 8 March 2014.
<http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhenryharrison>
The White House has a series that chronicles the history of each president. The
information on Harrison’s page was used to detail his political and military
careers.