CHAPTER 7
The Federalist Republic,
1789 – 1799
“Men, by their constitutions, are naturally divided into
two parties: (1) Those who fear and distrust the people,
and wish to draw all powers from them into the hands of
the higher classes; (2) Those who identify themselves
with the people, have confidence in them, cherish and
consider them as the most honest and safe, although not
the most wise, depository of the public interests. . . . The
appellation of Aristocrats and Democrats is the true one,
expressing the essence of all.”
Thomas Jefferson
“As the cities grew, new values took hold.” In the older, medieval,
‘corporate’ view of society, economic life ideally operated
according to what was equitable, not what was profitable. Citizens
usually agreed that government should provide for the general welfare
by regulating prices and wages, setting quality controls, licensing
providers of service. . . and supervising public markets where all food
was sold. Such regulation seemed natural because a community was
defined not as a collection of individuals, each entitled to pursue
separate interests, but as a single body of interrelated parts where
individual rights and responsibilities formed a seamless web.”
“According to the new view, if people were allowed to pursue their
own material desires competitively, they would collectively form a
natural, impersonal market of producers and consumers that would
operate to everyone’s advantage.”
Historian Gary Nash
Indian Land Cessions, 1784–1800
The persistent pressure of
white settlers and the
military forces of the new
national government forced
Native Americans to cede
huge tracts of their western
lands.
Chapter Review
 Explain the Bill of Rights and its significance.
 Explain the two opposing viewpoints regarding how
the federal government should be structured. (11
Points)
 Trace the growth of the West and then briefly identify the
conflicts between white settlers and Native Americans.
 Describe the reasons for and consequences of the
Whiskey Rebellion.
 Describe the major domestic and foreign crises that
arose during John Adams’ presidency.
Concepts
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Alien and Sedition Acts
Bill of Rights
Deism
Eli Whitney
Federalists v. Republican [Jeffersonian]
Jay’s Treaty
Judiciary Act of 1789 [1803, Marbury]
Kentucky and Virginia Resolves/Resolutions
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Nullification, states’ rights
National Bank
Nullification
Samuel Slater
Tariff impact on north and on south
Tariff Act, 1789
Treaty of Greenville, Little Turtle
Treaty of San Lorenzo / Pinckney’s Treaty
Whisky Rebellion
XYZ Affair
The key to this chapter is the rise of political parties.
“Washington’s Triumphant Entry into New York City, 1783”
(tapestry)
A tapestry painting of George Washington and his retinue
riding into New York amid cheering crowds standing on the
street and on the balconies.
George Washington's Arrival In New York City, 1789
Washington arrived in New York City-the first capital-April 23,
1778, one week before he took office as the first president of
the United States.
Little Turtle
This painting by an officer on General Wayne's staff shows
Little Turtle, a Miami chief, speaking through an interpreter to
General Wayne (with one hand behind his back) during the
negotiations that led to the Treaty of Greenville.
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin Patent Drawing
Designed to separate cotton
fiber from seed, Whitney's
cotton gin introduced a new,
profitable technology to
agricultural production in
America.
Title page from "Benjamin Banneker's Pennsylvania, Delaware,
Maryland and Virginia Almanack and Ephemeris, for the Year of
Our Lord 1792."
Benjamin Banneker, noted
astronomer and
mathematician, published this
''Almanack'' in 1792, proving
that persons of African descent
could prosper in ''republican''
society despite numerous
contemporary arguments that
''blacks'' could not survive in a
white European society except
as menial labor
I.
The New Government
 Washington becomes president in unanimous vote and
sets about putting together his government
 Congress adds Bill of Rights to Constitution as
promised
 First federal census is taken in 1790 to determine
representation in Congress and amounts due for taxes,
and to keep up with growth of nation
II.
Opposing Visions of America
 Federalist party supports strong central
government, while Republicans advocate local
control
 Alexander Hamilton becomes most prominent
Federalist, and Thomas Jefferson stands for
Republican ideals
 Two sides finally agree on permanent site for
nation’s capital: Washington, D.C.
 Two parties disagree on need for a national bank,
but federalists Federal government encourages
manufacturing interests
III.
Expansion wins out and bank is
chartered in 1791 - conflict in West
 Whites defeat Native Americans in Kentucky and
Tennessee and settle there with their families
 Native resistance in Ohio Valley, though stronger,
proves futile
 Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania demonstrates
strength of federal government
 Spain continues to dominate Southwest
Conflict in the Northwest Territory, 1790-1796
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IV.
Foreign Entanglements
 French Revolution pleases many Americans despite
calls for neutrality
 John Jay’s ineffective treaty with British contributes to
political unrest
 In retiring from politics, President Washington warns
against political divisions and foreign entanglements
The Federalist
Treaties
V.
The Adams Presidency
 Problems become apparent in 1796 election, in
which Federalist John Adams becomes president
and Republican Thomas Jefferson becomes vice
president
 French agents anger Americans by demanding
bribe, XYZ Affair
 Adams supports Alien and Sedition Acts which
restrict rights
 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions hint at future
problems
Web
The Election of 1800
The sharp erosion
of Federalist
strength in New
York and
Pennsylvania after
1798 swung the
election of 1800 to
the Republicans.