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Human Physiology
Unit 5A: Digestion
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Priscila Candal
BIOL 256
Dr. Krumhardt
April 23rd
1) List the path food takes once it enters your mouth:___________, _____________,
_____________, __________ _________, and _________ _____________.
2) ________________is how you take food into your digestive system.
3) _______________is the waves of contraction and relaxations of _________muscle if the GI
tract organ walls.
4) The mixing to mix in enzymes, and allow for more contact with mucosa for
________________is called _____________________.
5) _______________digestion is the enzymatic breakdown of food macromolecules.
6) ______________is the movement of nutrients from the GI tract to blood or lymph.
7) Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors respond to:___________, _____________, and____,
along with presence of ______________and end products of ___________, these initial reflexes
_____________or ______________digestive glands.
8) In ______ ___controls. Nerves plexuses near the GI tract initiate __________ reflexes which
are medicated by local __________ plexuses or the gut_________.
9)_______________ controls are _________reflexes arising within or __________ the GI tract
and involve __________ __________ __________ centers and extrinsic
_______________nerves which may be affected by________, _________, or taste of food as
well as____________.
10)_____________ Nervous System or Gut Brain is composed of 2 major intrinsic nerve
plexuses, the ____________ nerve plexus which regulate ___________ and __________
muscles in mucosa, and the _____________ nerve plexus which is the major nerve supply
controlling GI tract________________.
11) Salivary glands produce and secrete ________which aids in ________formation and contain
_________the enzyme that “could” break down __________ is food is held in the mouth long
enough.
12) Saliva is secreted from ___________and __________ cells of the salivary glands.
13) Saliva contains these solutes:____, ____, ____, _____, _______ along with the digestive
enzyme salivary___________, and proteins that are________,__________, ___________and
_______.
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14) ____________glands keep the mouth moist, while the ____________ salivary glands secrete
_________ enzyme rich saliva in response to ___________food or __________of food that
stimulates ________receptors and _________receptors.
15) _____________ which is swallowing which has two phases: the _______ phase in which the
bolus is forced into the ______________ and is controlled ___________and the
______________-_______________phase which is controlled by the ________and lower
________which would be considered______________.
16) _____________ digestion of __________ begins in the stomach, where food is converted
to__________.
17) Hormones made in the stomach are secreted by _________________cells when the stomach
is______________.
18) __________ promotes HCL secretion by __________cells and stomach________, and
motility in the ________and _________intestines and ___________valves.
19) Histamine activates _________cells to release_____.
20) _________________inhibits ____________secretions and stomach emptying,
___________pancreatic secretions, inhibits ____________in the _______intestines and is also
made by the duodenal __________cells.
21) ___________ may promote hunger.
22) The gastric pits and glands of the stomach contain _________cells that produce
_________mucus that protects the ____________lining.
23) The gastric glands of the stomach contain _______cells that secrete _____mucus, also
___________cells that secrete HCL and ___________factor for Vitamin _____ absorption.
24) Chief cells produce ______________(inactive) to _________(active) by _____ and pepsin
itself which is/is not under the control of the CNS. Protein is digested into
_____________peptides which are stimulated by_________, _______________and
_______________from the __ __ __.
25) Regulation of Gastric Secretion is regulated by __________and ____________ mechanisms.
Stimulatory and inhibitory events occur in 3 phases: the _______(_____) phase begins before
food enters the_________, the _________phase begins when food _________the stomach
triggered by __________receptors, and the _________ phase begins when
____________digested food enters the_______________.