3rd Quarter Study Guide
Westward Settlement
How did the railroads affect the settlement of the west?
-Transcontinental railroads
How did the government encourage westward settlement?
-Homestead Act
-Morrill Land Grant Act
What different ways did people seek their fortunes out west?
-Miners
-Ranchers
-Homesteaders
-Businesses
How did women, African/Americans, and immigrants find opportunities in the west?
What was the effect of westward expansion on Native Americans?
-Sand Creek Massacre
-Battle of Little Big Horn
-Dawes Act 1887
-Battle of Wounded Knee
What was the effect on the environment?
-Buffalo
-irrigation
How did barbed wire affect the west?
What drove the 2nd industrial era in America?
How did corporate leaders establish dominance in the 1870’s and 80s?
How did government respond to industry?
What is the importance of the Turner Thesis?
Gilded Age
What were the major political issues of the industrial era?
-political machines
-civil service reform
-monetary reform
-anti trust legislation
-regulation of railroads and interstate commers
How did robber barons, or captains of industry, make their fortunes?
-vertical integration
-horizontal integration
-trusts
-monopolies
How did increased immigration affect the nation?
-ethnic neighborhoods
-Americanization movement
Why did labor unions develop and how successful were they in this time?
-Knights of Labor
-American Federation of Labor
-Railroad Strike 1877, Haymarket Square Riot; Homestead Strike; Pullman Strike
What is the difference between the Social Gospel movement and Social Darwinism?
What was the Gospel of Wealth?
How did the Industrial Era lead to urbanization?
What was life like in a city of this era?
What were political machines and how did they work?
What political scandals took place in this time?
-Grant Administration-Assassination of Garfield
American Empire
Why did America develop an “empire” at the turn of the century?
-Alfred Mahan
-jingoism
-Panic of 1893
-fear of European empires
-Open Door Policy
What constitutional issues developed as a result?
-Insular Cases
What role did each “imperial” President play in this empire
-McKinley-T.R.
Taft
-Wilson
Progressive Era
What were major issues at the city level during this era?
-urban slums
-child labor
-education
What were major state issues?
-fighting political machines
-regulation of commerce
What were major national issues?
-Consumer protection
-business regulation
-environmental protection
-monetary reform
Who are the Progressive Presidents?
What were the major national reforms enacted during this time?
How did the Progressive era change government?
How did women work to change society during this time?
-settlement houses
-temperance
-child labor reform
-voting
What was the effect of the progressive era on African/Americans?
-Niagara Movement
-Booker T. Washington vs. W.E. B. DuBois
World War I
Why and how did America maintain neutrality at the outset of WWI?
What caused America to enter WWI?
-Lusitania
-Germans in Belgium
-resumption of unrestricted U-Boat warfare
-Zimmerman note
How did life change on the home front during and at the end of WWI?
-Women in the work place
-Great migration
-African/Americans in war
-George Creel/Propaganda
-Sedition Act; Espionage Act; Schenck v. U.S.
What was the Treaty of Versailles and why did Congress refuse to ratify it?
What are some examples of America taking on a more expanded world role after WWI?
-Kellogg Briand
-Washington Naval Conference
-Dawes Plan
What are some examples of America attempting to resume isolationism after WWI?
-League of Nations
-protective tariffs
Roaring 20’s
What new technologies created a “modern” society in the 1920’s?
-How did consumerism rise in the 1920’s?
-credit
-assembly line production
-advertising
-What policies did Harding, Coolidge and Hoover follow to encourage the growth of business?
-How did science, art, literature and entertainment reflect the “modern” society?
-jazz age
-Describe the conflict between rural and urban society at this time?
-Scopes Trial
-What were the problems with prohibition?
-Volstead Act
-Al Capone
-What are examples of nativist attitudes of this time?
-Red Scare
-Palmer Raids
-Sacco Vanzetti Trial
-Immigration Quota’s of 1921 and 1924
-How did African/American’s lives change during the 1920’s?
-Red Summer
-Harlem Renaissance
-NAACP
-Marcus Garvey and the UNIA
Great Depression
-What factors contributed to the Great Depression?
-gap between wages and prices
-buying on the margin
-Stock Market Crash
-Bank run’s
-How did the Hoover administration respond to the Great Depression?
--volunteerism
-Boulder Dam
-Reconstruction Finance Corporation
-Hawley Smoot Tariff
-Bonus Army
What was FDR’s approach to the Great Depression?
-Fixing the banks
-First Hundred Days/New Deal programs
-Second New Deal
-New Deal coalition
-Judiciary Reorganization Act
-What did opponents of the New Deal say?
-Supreme Court
-Conservative opposition
-Left-wing opposition
-What were the affects of the New Deal?
-ending the Great Depression
-expanding the role of government
-public perception
-permanent reforms
WWII
-How did America get involved in WWII?
-Neutrality Acts 1935, 37 and 39
-Lend Lease Act
-Atlantic Charter
-Embargo of Japan
-Pearl Harbor
-What was America’s wartime strategy?
-defeating Europe
-battles in the Pacific (Coral Sea, Midway, Island hopping)
-What was the result of wartime conferences?
-Casablanca and Tehran
-Yalta
-Potsdam
-What is the Manhattan Project and why was the A-Bomb used against Japan?
-What changes happened in America during this time?
-Double V Campaign and the FEPC
-Rosie the Riveter
-Women in the military
-Bracero’s
-Zoot Suit Riot
-Japanese Internment
-segregation in the military
-How did America mobilize for WWII?
-Draft
-Office of Price Administration
-Wartime production