The Emergence of the NT/Intel Standard
• Talk Given to Visitors from Compaq and Allstate
• January 14, 1998
National Computational Science Alliance
The Alliance
National Technology Grid
National Computational Science Alliance
MREN - America’s First Operational Gigapop
- Midwest Sites
Minnesota/LCSE
Wisconsin
Michigan Hub
MREN and STAR-TAP
U Michigan
Michigan State
Purdue
OC12 vBNS
Indiana Hub
NCSA
Indiana Univ
National Computational Science Alliance
Alliance National Technology Grid
Workshop and Training Facilities
Powered by Silicon Graphics
Linked by the NSF vBNS
National Computational Science Alliance
How to Find out More
About the Alliance
See also http://alliance.ncsa.uiuc.edu
National Computational Science Alliance
NCSA Industrial Partners
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Allstate Insurance Co.
Boeing Company
Caterpillar Inc.
Eastman Kodak Co.
Eli Lilly and Company
FMC Corporation
Ford Motor Company
J. P. Morgan
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Motorola, Inc.
Phillips Petroleum Co.
SABRE Group, Inc.
Schlumberger
Sears, Roebuck & Co.
Shell Oil Company
Tribune Company
National Computational Science Alliance
Exponential Cascade:
From Leading Edge to Consumer Electronics
Source: Silicon Graphics, 1997
1985
Cray X-MP
Cost:$8,000,000
60,000 watts of power
No Built in Graphics
56 kbps NSFnet Backbone
1997
Nintendo 64
Cost: $149
5 watts of power
Interactive 3D Graphics
64 kbps ISDN to Home
National Computational Science Alliance
From Hyper-Boutique to Commercially Driven
TOP500 Systems by Vendor
500
Other
Number of Systems
Japanese
400
Other
Japanese
DEC
Intel
TMC
Sun
HP
Convex
IBM
SGI
CRI
DEC
Intel
TMC
Sun
HP
300
IBM
Convex
200
SGI
100
TOP500 Reports: http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/top500.html
Nov-97
Jun-97
Nov-96
Jun-96
Nov-95
Jun-95
Nov-94
Jun-94
Nov-93
0
Jun-93
CRI
National Computational Science Alliance
Replacement of Shared Memory Vector
Supercomputers by Microprocessor SMPs
500
Top500 Installed SC’s
MPP
400
SMP/DSM
PVP
300
200
100
TOP500 Reports: http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/top500.html
Nov-97
Jun-97
Nov-96
Jun-96
Nov-95
Jun-95
Nov-94
Jun-94
Nov-93
Jun-93
0
National Computational Science Alliance
NCSA’s Three Eras of Architecture
Shared Memory Vector Processors
Cray X-MP
Cray Y-MP
Alliant FX/80
Cray 2
Convex C2
Convex C3
Distributed Memory Systems
TMC CM-2
TMC CM-5
IBM Cluster
SGI PC Array
HP Cluster
Intel Cluster
Large Scale
NT/Intel Array?
Shared Memory Microprocessors
Convex
SPP-1000
SGI SMP
1985
1990
SGI Power
Challenge
1995
HP
SPP-2000
SGI
Origin
HP
SPP-3000
SGI / Cray
SN-1
2000
National Computational Science Alliance
1995-2002 NCSA Moves to UNIX/RISC
Scalable Shared Memory Clusters
CM-5
CM-2
Future Upgrade Under Negotiation with NSF
National Computational Science Alliance
How Did a Supercomputer Center Get Into
Enterprise Knowledge Management?
• Microprocessor Market Convergence
– NT/Intel Challenging UNIX/RISC
• Desktop Software Tool Development
– From NCSA Telnet to NCSA Mosaic
• Large Scientific Databases
– From Scientific Visualization to Info Viz
• Emergence of Distributed Object Architecture
– Java, ActiveX, CORBA, and the Web
• Supercomputer Center to PACI
– Need to Create Alliance Intranet and Collaboratory
National Computational Science Alliance
The Coming Integration of
Technical and Commercial Computing
• The Emergence of
High Performance Commercial Computing
– Computational Knowledge Management
– Focus on:
– Large Data Sets and Information Visualization
– AI Techniques for Data Mining
– Optimization and Decision Support
– Financial “Rocket Science”
• NT / UNIX Interoperability and Scalability
– HP and SGI UNIX DSMs
– Scalable Microsoft NT Clusters and NCSA Symbio
– Merced Processor in FY99-00
National Computational Science Alliance
NCSA NT/Intel Projects
• NCSA Microsoft Intranet
– Internet Explorer 4.0 and Office 97
– Active Desktop (ActiveX & Push Technologies)
– NT 5.0 (Active Directory, Kerberos, Dfs)
• NT/UNIX Interoperability Testbed
– HP NT Pentium Pro Classroom & NT/UNIX Servers
– UNIX Programming Environment on NT PC
• Computing on NT Network
– NCSA Symbio
• NT Cluster Scalability
– Tightly Coupled SMP Clusters (Chien / Iyer)
National Computational Science Alliance
Alliance NT Cluster Approaches
• Target High Performance Applications
– Scientific and Engineering
– Business and Information-Intensive
• Fast Messaging-Andrew Chien, UIUC DCS
– High Performance Network Backplane on SMPs
– Support for MPI-FM, MPI-2 put/get, global arrays
• NCSA Symbio- Briand Sanderson, UIUC NCSA
– Parallel Distributed Computing Environment
– DCOM / COM based over Desktops and Servers
• Treadmarks- Willy Zwaenepol, Rice CRPC
– Software DSM over NT Cluster
National Computational Science Alliance
“RISC on the Desktop: Game Over” The Slater Perspective
• Compaq, Dell, IBM, HP, Digital, NEC, Sequent,...
– Vendors Committed to Intel Merced
• SGI and MIPS
– SGI will produce NT/Intel Products
– Future of MIPS Undecided
• Sun and SPARC
– Committed to Solaris/Merced
• Merced will overtake
– RISC Performance by 2001
– RISC Workstation/Server Market Share by 2005
• 64-bit NT/Intel Roadmap
– Intel Builds DEC Alpha for Interim
– Intel Merced by late 1999
Microprocessor Report Nov. 17, 1997
National Computational Science Alliance
The Road to Merced
National Computational Science Alliance
Public Speculations on
the 32-bit Intel Roadmap
• Pentium II
– 1st Half 1998
• Deschutes
– 2nd Half 1998
• Katmai
– 1st Half 1999
– MMX Enhancements
– Floating Point, UNIX platform
– Faster User Interface
– 3D Graphics (4X AGP), Speech Recognition
– Higher Memory Bandwidth Using Rambus
• Willamette
– 2nd Half 1999
PC Week 1/14/98
National Computational Science Alliance
Units Shipped (millions)
1996 Corporate PC Sales:
Why NCSA is Partnering with HP & Compaq
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Compaq
Dell
HP
IBM
Gateway Acer
Source: Dataquest Inc. (PC Magazine Feb.17, 1997)
Apple
Micron
Digital
AST
National Computational Science Alliance
Allstate Pioneering an NT Intranet
• Standard Software Environment
– Microsoft Office
– Microsoft Outlook / Exchange
– Internet Explorer
– Windows NT Desktop / Server for Intel Platforms
– Oracle Database Technology
– CA Unicenter (TNG)
• TCP/IP Network
– T3 Backbone
– Sonet Ring Technology
• Partnering with NCSA as Microsoft / HP Testbed
• Partnering with NCSA and Computer Associates
National Computational Science Alliance
The Emergence of Knowledge Management
October 20, 1997
National Computational Science Alliance
NCSA / Allstate
NT Cluster Data Refinery
•Data Management Engine
Compaq
NT Server
• CORBA/Java Orbs
• High-Speed Interconnect
•Distributed File System
•Query Capability
Compaq
NT Server
Visualization
Stations
External Networks
•Visualization Tools
•Parallel Rule Construction
Source: Allstate & Tilt Thompkins, NCSA
National Computational Science Alliance
NCSA Automated Learning Applications High Performance Commercial Computing
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Risk Assessment
Customer Retention
Market Segmentation
Fraud Detection
Automatic Text Document Classification
Effluent Quality Control
Plant Optimization
Smart Buildings
Secondary Protein Structure Prediction
Drug Classification
Precision Farming
National Computational Science Alliance
1998-2005 NCSA Moves to
Scalable NT/Intel Clusters of SMP
• Schedule of Goals
– 1998 Deploy First Production Clusters
– Scientific and Engineering Tuned Cluster
– Data Intensive Tuned Cluster
– 1999 Enlarge to 512-Processors in Cluster
– 2000 Move to Merced
– 2002-2005 Achieve Teraflop Performance
• UNIX/RISC & NT/UNIX will Co-exist for 5 Years
– 1998-2000 Move Applications to NT/Intel
– 2000-2005 Convergence toward NT/IAP-64
National Computational Science Alliance