Montenegro
Ministry of Science
Higher Education and Research for Innovation and
Competitiveness (HERIC) Project
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Area
July, 2013
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 1 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
Content
List of participants: 26 licensed scientific research institutions in Montenegro ... 3
Table 1: Licensed scientific research institutions in Montenegro which participated in
the Study ....................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction and Background................................................................................ 9
2. Analysis of data obtained in the course of the on-site assessment .................... 10
2.1 Existing medium and capital equipment condition at scientific research institutions ... 15
2.2 Lacking medium andcapital equipment per scientific research institution .................... 35
2.3 Requirements and expenses of operating environments in scientific research institutions
....................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.4 Existing priority research areas in Montenegro ................................................................ 39
3. Planning of optimized use of the capital and medium scientific research equipment
in Montenegro ............................................................................................................ 43
3.1 Optimal using of the scientific research institutions resources in Montenegro .............. 43
4. Practical recommendations for the Ministry of Science.................................... 46
4.1 Virtual center for the improvement of scientific research institutions visibility ............ 46
4.1 Areas where scientific research institutions can significantly maximize productivity ... 47
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 2 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
List of participants: 26 licensed scientific research institutions in Montenegro
Table 1: Licensed scientific research institutions in Montenegro which participated in the Study
No*
1
2
3
4
Institution**
Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro
Institute of Marine Biology, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro
5
Institute for public health
6
Center of Information Technology, University of
Montenegro
Contact
Address: Mihaila Lalića br. 1,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 268 437
E-mail: btf@ac.me
Web: www.btf.ac.me
Address: Kotor, Dobrota bb
Tel: +382 (0) 32 334 569
Fax: +382 (0) 32 334 570
E-mail: biokotor@t-com.me
Director: acojo@ac.me
Web: www.ibmk.org
Address: Cetinjski put bb, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 245 406
Fax: +382 (0) 20 245 406
E-mail: mtf@ac.me
Dean: kemal@ac.me
Web: www.mtf.ac.me
Address: Kruševac bb, Podgorica
Tel: +382 20 246 651
E-mail: infomedf@ac.me
Dekan: asanin@ac.me
Web: www.medf.cg.yu
Address: Ljubljanska bb, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 412 888
+382 (0) 20 241 214
Fax: +382 (0) 20 243 728
E-mail: ijzcg@ijzcg.me
Director: boban.mugosa@ijzcg.me
Web: www.ijzcg.me
Address: Cetinjska br.2, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 414 282
Fax: +382 (0) 20 414 283
E-mail: cis@ac.me
Director: bozok@ac.me
Web: www.cis.ac.me
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 3 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
7
8
9
10
11
12
Faculty of Tourism Bar - MTS - "Montenegro
Tourism School", University Mediterranean
Faculty of Information Technology, University
Mediterranean
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
University of Montenegro
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of
Montenegro
The Natural History Museum
Address: Bjeliši bb, Bar
Tel: +382 (0) 30 312 144
+382 (0) 30 303 200
E-mail: fakultettht_bar@t-com.me
stevan.popovic@unimediteran.net
Web: www.ftht.unimediteran.net
Address: Vaka Djurovića bb,
Podgorica
Doc. dr Ramo Šendelj
Tel: +382 (0) 20 409 211
E-mail: fit@unimediteran.net
ramo.sendelj@gmail.com
Address: Džordža Vašingtona bb,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 245 204
Fax: +382 (0) 20 244 608
E-mail: dekanat@rc.pmf.ac.me
Dean: predrag_stanisic@t-com.me
Web: www.pmf.ac.me
Address: Džordža Vašingtona bb,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 245 003
Fax: +382 (0) 20 245 116
E-mail: mf@ac.me
Dean: goranc@ac.me
Web: www.mf.ac.me
Address: Džordža Vašingtona bb,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 245 839
Fax: +382 (0) 20 245 873
E-mail: etf@ac.me
Dean: srdjan@ac.me
Web: www.etf.ac.me
Address: Trg Vojvode Bećir Bega
Osmanagića br. 16
Tel: +382 (0) 20 623 544
Fax: +382 (0) 20 623 933
E-mail: prmuzej@t-com.me
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Montenegro
Ministry of Science
Director: direktor@t-com.me
Web: www.pmcg.co.me
13
14
15
16
17
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Architecture, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Applied Physiotherapy, Igalo
13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of
Montenegro
Address: Cetinjski put bb, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 244 905
+382 (0) 20 245 014
Fax:+382 (0) 20 241 903
E-mail: gf@ac.me
Web: www.gf.ac.me
Address: Bulevar Džordža
Vašingtona bb, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 269 262
+382 (0) 20 269 287
Fax: +382 (0) 20 269 317
E-mail: arhitektura@ac.me
Dean: rgoran@ac.me
Web: www.arhitektura.ac.me
Address: Dava Ilića br. 5, Igalo
Tel: +382 (0) 31 658 876
+382 (0) 31 658 845
Fax: +382 (0) 31 332 729
E-mail: vfs@ac.me; fpf@ac.me
Dean: sivacki-zitnik.s@ac.me
Web:
www.ucg.ac.me/cg/fizioterapija.htm
Address: Put Radomira Ivanovića br.
2, Podgorica
Tel/fax: +382 (0) 20 658 028
+382 (0) 20 658 027
+382 (0) 20 444 104
E-mail: info@plantaze.com
Web: www.plantaze.com
Address: Radosava Burića br.2,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 648 146
+382 (0) 20 648 980
+382 (0) 20 647 202
Fax: +382 (0) 20 648 146
E-mail: gea@t-com.me
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 5 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
seismocg@t-com.me
Web: www.seismo.co.me
18
19
20
The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić
Faculty of Marine Studies in Kotor, University of
Montenegro
Clinical Center of Montenegro - Center for Science
21
Faculty of Information Systems and Technology
UDG
22
Faculty of Polytechnics – UDG
23
Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and
Ecology – UDG
Address: Vuka Karadžića bb, Nikšić
Tel: +382 (0) 40 203 240
Fax: +382(0) 40 203 203
E-mail: icm@t-com.me
colakovicmaja@gmail.com
Web: www.icmcg.me
www.icmcg.org
Address: Dobrota br. 36, Kotor
Tel: +382 (0) 32 303 188
+382 (0) 32 303 184
Fax: +382 (0) 32 303 184
E-mail: fzpkotor@t-com.me
fzpdekan@ac.me
Address: Džona Džeksona bb,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 412 412
+382 (0) 20 243 726
+382 (0) 20 412 300
Fax: +382 (0) 20 225 284
E-mail: drmilanmijovic@kccg.me
Web: www.kccg.me
Address: Donja Gorica, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 410 777
Fax: +382 (0) 20 410 766
E-mail: udg@udg.edu.me
fist@udg.edu.me
Dean: milica.vukotic@udg.edu.me
Address: Donja Gorica, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 410 777
Fax: +382 (0) 20 410 766
E-mail: udg@udg.edu.me
politehnika@udg.edu.me
Address: Donja Gorica, Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 410 777
Fax: +382 (0) 20 410 766
E-mail: udg@udg.edu.me
fptbhe@udg.edu.me
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 6 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
24
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor,
University of Montenegro
25
Faculty of Business and Tourism, Budva
26
27
28
29
Institute of Modern Technologies, Montenegro
Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro
Center for ecotoxicology investigations of
Montenegro
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Nikšić,
University of Montenegro
Address: Stari grad bb, Kotor
Tel: +382 (0) 32 322 686
Fax: +382 (0) 32 325 049
E-mail: fth@ac.me
Dean: stanja@ac.me
Web: www.fthkotor.me
Adress: Akademija znanja bb, Budva
Tel: +382 (0) 33 402 250
E-mail: info@fbt-budva.me
njasa@t-com.me
Web: www.fbt-budva.me
Adress: Kralja Nikole 347 A,
Podgorica
Tel: +382 (0) 20 648 177
Fax: +382 (0) 67 241 056
E-mail: office@imtm.me
Web: www.imtm.me
Address: IV Proleterske 19,
Podgorica
Tel +382 20 446 500
Fax: +382 20 446 587
Email: epamontenegro@gmail.com
Web: www.epa.org.me
Address: Put Radomira Ivanovića br.
2, Podgorica
Tel: +382 20 658-090; 658-091; 658108;
Fax: +382 20 658-092
E-mail: info@ceti.co.m
Web: www.ceti.co.me
Address: Vuka Karadžića br. 83,
Nikšić
Tel: +382 (0) 40 235 204
+382 (0) 40 235 207
+382 (0) 40 235 200
E-mail: fakultetzasportnk@t-com.me
Dean: sportmont@t-com.me
Web: www.fsnk.ac.me
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 7 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
30
Faculty of Transport, Communications and Logistics,
Berane
Address: Donje Luge bb, Berane
Tel: +382 (0) 51 238 100
+382 (0) 67 616 135
+382 (0) 67 212 595
E-mail: fmsk-ba@t-com.me
Dean: vujadin.vesovic@gmail.com
Web: www.fmsk.me
* Red denoted text: institutions that did not participated in the Study (their No. will be omitted in the following
Chapters)
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 8 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
1. Introduction and Background
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) approved to Montenegro Specific
Investment Loan in the amount of 12 M € (equivalent to 15.98 M US$) for the Montenegro Higher
Education and Research for Innovation and Competitiveness Project (HERIC). The development
objective of the Project is to strengthen the quality and relevance of higher education and research in
Montenegro through reforming the higher education finance and quality assurance systems and by
strengthening research and development capabilities. Component 3 of the Project – Establishing a
Competitive Research Environment - aims at awarding grants for the establishment of the first Center of
Exellence (CoE) in Montenegro as a pilot for future centers, as well as for the realisation of competitive
research programs. The grant for each subproject will finance, inter alia, purchase and maintenance of
laboratory, research and pilot plant equipment. The program aims at launching a grants system for the
collaborative research subproject to foster an interdisciplinary approach, to promote cooperation with
international partners and industry and to generate commercial innovation. Part of this Project includes
this Study on the existing research equipment capacity and the creation of a joint research area. Optimal
use of research equipment is one of the greatest challenges facing scientific groups. If the equipment is
utilized and managed effectively, institutions can increase productivity and reduce operational costs.
This Study was aimed at 30 out the 49 licensed scientific research institutions in Montenegro, selected
based on priority research fields from which the pilot CoE and research grants will be funded, but also
according to capacities of institutions. Of the 30 identified institutions, 26 participated in this Study and
presented data are related to these 26 licensed accredited scientific research institutions (given in Table 1,
where red denoted text indicated those who did not participated and black text are those who participated
in this Study). Of the 26 institutions that participated in this Study, two are located in Nikšić, one in Bar,
two in Kotor, and one in Berane, whilst the others are located in Podgorica.
This Study on research equipment is realised in relation to two main directions. The first part was aimed
to understand the baseline research activity capacity of the licensed scientific research institutions as they
exists today and to support the creation of a system of joint use of the equipment in order not to double
some capital equipment investments while establishing Centre of Excellence and implementing
competitive research grants program. The Ministry of Science (MoS) plans to realised the equipment
investments through research grants program and through establishing Centre of Excellence in
Montenegro. Therefore, the second part of this Study was devoted to investigate the needs of the
scientific research institutions, especially with regards to the lacking scientific equipment (both capital
and medium equipment, whereat the capital equipment is costing more than 10.000 € and medium
equipment is the one with a price between 1.000 and 10.000 €).
In Chapter 2, the Study presents analysis of data obtained in the course of the on-site assessment, through
the collection of prepared questionnaires, as well as by field visits to the institutions and personal
interviews with management and research teams. The basis for analysis is formed database (in Excel file
accompanying this Study) with systematized essential information derived from detailed questionnaires.
Two categories were observed separately and comparatively for each participant, namely capital and
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 9 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
medium equipment, as well as other related capacities, such as: existing facilities, infrastructure, human
resources, partnerships in priority domains, ideas and innovations related to future visions of their
management and research teams. The Study showed existing medium and capital equipment condition of
each research institution with their users, including the necessary investments in its upgrading, as well as
investments for the lacking medium and capital equipment per research institution. Specific requirements
(and expense) of operating environments in scientific research institutions were discussed. Existing
research areas in Montenegro were identified. Special attention was given to defining the means of
cooperation through sharing of the resources (knowledge, equipment and facilities) between scientific
research institutions in Montenegro, and ways to improve cooperation, aimed at more efficient and
optimal usage of existing equipment, and particularly planned new equipment. Possibilities for optimized
use of the equipment are presented in Chapter 3, taking into account the existing conditions in scientific
research institutions in Montenegro. Areas suitable for development of collaboration are analysed, taking
into account their capacities and priority research fields. Practical recommendations with regards to the
current possibilities of collaboration between institutions and official frameworks that might enable
increase of the collaboration are given in Chapter 4, as conclusions. Public website with different services
aimed at enabling and supporting sharing of resources and improvement of collaboration, is discussed.
Also, priority research areas are recommended where scientific research institutions can maximize
productivity, taking into account specific visions of development for those scientific research institutions
in Montenegro that participated in this Study.
2.
Analysis of data obtained in the course of the on-site assessment
In total, scientific research institutions reported: 126 devices belonging to the category of existing capital
equipment (KPP), 310 devices belonging to the category of existing medium equipment (SRP), and
expressed the need for 106 devices of new capital equipment (KPN) and 246 devices of new medium
equipment (SRN), as shown in Table 2. The largest number of existing equipment (both capital and
medium existing equipment) was reported by the Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro (100 in
total), followed by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Montenegro (56 in total). On the
other hand, the highest value of existing equipment is currently present at The Ferrous Metallurgy
Institute AD Nikšić (around 3.5 M €, worth equipment, as shown later in Table 4). It must be noted that
some institutions did not reported all existing equipment. For instance, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
University of Montenegro did not reported the existing equipment from all of their labs - they enlisted
only the equipment from those labs which expressed a need for the new equipment and the labs that did
not want to order any new equipment did not collected the lists of the equipment they have. But generally,
all other institutions prepared detailed specifications of their equipment in the range of cost above 1.000€.
Table 2: Number of capital/medium equipment per research institution
No.*
Institution
KPP** KPN SRP SRN
1
Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro
18
16
82
56
Institute of Marine Biology, University of
2
11
13
29
14
Montenegro
3
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University
15
2
20
7
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 10 of 48
Total
172
67
44
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
of Montenegro
Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro
Center of Information Technology, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Tourism Bar, University Mediterranean
Faculty of Information Technology, University
Mediterranean
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
University of Montenegro
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of
Montenegro
The Natural History Museum
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Architecture, University of Montenegro
13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of
Montenegro
The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić
Faculty of Marine Studies in Kotor, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Information Systems and Technology –
UDG
Faculty of Polytechnics - UDG
Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and
Ecology – UDG
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor,
University of Montenegro
Faculty of Business and Tourism, Budva
Institute of Modern Technologies, Montenegro
Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education,
University of Montenegro
Faculty of Transport, Communications and
Logistics, Berane
Total
2
0
10
1
13
2
2
0
0
4
0
1
1
3
5
0
2
11
11
24
11
0
23
12
46
3
8
53
12
76
2
21
10
26
59
0
1
5
2
8
12
12
21
27
72
0
0
4
4
4
29
7
10
15
43
1
2
1
2
6
34
5
2
3
44
6
2
2
0
10
8
2
0
2
12
0
1
0
3
4
0
4
0
22
26
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
4
4
11
3
4
11
10
0
2
2
2
6
0
0
0
5
5
126
106
310
246
788
* Numbers 5, 15, 20, 28 are omitted because those institutions did not participate in the study (given in Table 1)
* Abbreviations: KPN - New Capital equipment (missing equipment); KPP - Existing Capital equipment; SRN - New
medium equipment (missing equipment); SRP - Existing medium equipment
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 11 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
This Study did not take into account minor items of equipment (below 1.000 €, such as personal
computers and accessories, lab materials, etc.), because generally, these kind of equipment mainly
belongs to a category of consumables and they had especially low value in case when they are older (e.g.
more than 5 years in use). Depreciation of scientific instruments, based on their anticipated useful lives,
needs to be considered, but since there was no way to determine exact decline in their value over time,
existing equipment was assigned their original price (the cost at the time of purchase) and their current
condition is noted. On the other hand, some older capital equipment is of the very high value, even after a
long time use, because it is unique and of a very high price, such as in case of the TEM microscope at the
Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić (the price of such a new instrument is around 1.5 Mil €).
The Study showed that existing equipment in Montenegrin scientific research institutions comprises
6.519.418 € worth existing capital equipment and 1.344.906 € existing worth medium equipment, as
shown in Table 3. The institutions expressed the needs for 5.644.994 € total investments in capital
equipment (4.671.741 €) and medium equipment (973.253 €). They also expressed a strong need for
establishing a regular funding of the annual costs aimed for maintenance (calibration, materials needed
for testing, regular services, spare parts, necessary upgrades, terrain activities, equipment insurance, etc.)
and different laboratory installations.
It could be seen from Table 3 that around 6% of existing capital equipment costs is needed for
maintenance of the equipment (378.840 €), on annual level. The significantly higher level of maintenance
costs for medium equipment (377.281 € or 39% of total equipment cost), as shown in Table 3, is higher
because institutions comprised installation costs for lab conditions within this cost category and otherwise
it would also be around 6-10%. This is confirmed by the fact that for lacking equipment annual costs in
relation to maintenance expressed by institutions is in range up to 10% of equipment cost (Table 3,
lacking equipment, annual costs of the maintenance / installation). Detailed distribution of existing and
lacking equipment and their values in € is given in Table 4. It can be seen that institutions mainly
requested the equipment depending on the already existing ones.
Table 3: Total costs related to all capital/medium equipment listed in 26 scientific research institutions in
Montenegro (€)
Existing equipment (€)
Lacking equipment (€)
Capital equipment Medium equipment Capital equipment Medium equipment
Equipment price
(€)
Annual costs of
the maintenance /
installation (€)
6.140.578
967.625
4.328.291
879.951
378.840
377.281
343.450
93.302
Total
6.519.418
1.344.906
4.671.741
973.253
Total
7.864.324
5.644.994
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 12 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
Table 4: Distribution of values (costs) of existing equipment and lacking equipment per 26 scientific
research institutions in Montenegro (€)
No
Institution
Existing
capital
equipment,
total
(EUR)
Existing
medium
equipment,
total
(EUR)
Total value
of existing
equipment
(EUR)
Lacking
capital
equipment,
total
(EUR)
Lacking
medium
equipment,
total
(EUR)
Total value
of lacking
equipment
(EUR)
1
Biotechnical Faculty
University of Montenegro
803.566
336.245
1.139.811
424.420
203.351
627.771
2
Institute of Marine Biology,
University of Montenegro
339.870
49.605
389.475
1.055.000
55.100
1.110.100
3
Faculty of Metallurgy and
Technology, University of
Montenegro
38.000
17.950
55.950
130.000
16.300
146.300
4
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Montenegro
130.745
68.122
198.867
0
8.000
8.000
6
Center of Information
Technology, University of
Montenegro
42.453
0
42.453
95.000
0
95.000
7
Faculty of Tourism Bar,
University Mediterranean
0
1.633
1.633
16.250
7.345
23.595
0
21.868
21.868
48.150
45.998
94.148
317.090
102.750
419.840
0
48.300
48.300
248.100
469.921
718.021
348.239
7.535
355.774
52.320
36.879
89.199
818.109
140.503
958.612
0
28750
28.750
22.000
8.845
30.845
249.250
62.200
311.450
360.170
92.585
452.755
0
16.800
16.800
95.600
19.127
114.727
0
60.265
60.265
193.198
73.045
266.243
41.000
27.500
68.500
93.300
19.600
112.900
3.431.624
10.181
3.441.805
197.900
21.300
219.200
8
9
10
11
12
Faculty of Information
Technology, University
Mediterranean
Faculty of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Electrical
Engineering, University of
Montenegro
The Natural History Museum
Faculty of Civil Engineering,
13 University of Montenegro
Faculty of Architecture,
14 University of Montenegro
13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d.
16 Podgorica
Institute of Hydrometeorology
17 and Seismology of Montenegro
The Ferrous Metallurgy
18 Institute AD Nikšić
Study on Research Equipment and Creation of Joint Research Facility - Page 13 of 48
Montenegro
Ministry of Science
19
21
Faculty of Marine Studies in
Kotor, University of
Montenegro
Faculty of Information Systems
and Technology - UDG
335.400
15.500
350.900
472.000
0
472.000
476.000
0
476.000
50.000
10.360
60.360
0
0
0
16.000
8.000
24.000
0
0
0
143.000
97.390
240.390
0
2.600
2.600
0
2.200
2.200
Faculty of Business and
0
0
0
0
10.191
10.191
Institute of Modern
0
0
0
0
32.501
32.501
14.000
6.637
20.637
29.785
11.934
41.719
0
9.500
9.500
60.920
12.700
73.620
0
0
0
0
21.042
21.042
Total
7.864.324
Total
5.642.294
22 Faculty of Polytechnics - UDG
23
Faculty for Food Technology,
Food Safety and Ecology UDG
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel
24 Management Kotor, University
of Montenegro
25 Tourism, Budva
26 Technologies, Montenegro
Environmental Protection
27 Agency of Montenegro
Faculty for Sport and Physical
29 Education, University of
30
Montenegro
Faculty of Transport,
Communications and Logistics,
Berane
Interviews with representatives of the institutions indicated the need for providing some kind of joint
services for outdated equipment: either to service it and/or upgrade it to be able to function, or to dispose
it in some way. There is a certain, not so small number of existing equipment which is out of order
(mainly not listed in the database made in scope of this analysis) that could be repaired and put into
function again. But the recognised common problem is the lacking of regional service companies that
would be able to provide those scientific instruments repair. Such services with companies throughout the
world are too expensive and very time consuming and cannot be justified, leaving these instruments out
of order, even though they might be fixed if there were some cost-efficient options of servicing it in the
region.
The majority of scientific research institutions expressed the need to obtain personal computers, either
new ones because they lack them in general, or to renew the existing outdated computers and accessories.
Also, the equipment related to internet access (wireless) and videoconferencing rooms have been
recognised as necessities for more efficient work and especially for the sharing of resources. Also, they
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expressed the need for establishment of the official legal regulative at the universities related to the
transfer of research results to market applications, which should be, by its nature, realised jointly and
supported by the Ministry of Science.
2.1 Existing medium and capital equipment condition at scientific research institutions
Field visits showed environments, conditions and demands specific to each research institution that
participated in this Study and details are shown in Table 5. Until now, there was no need for greater
sharing and collaboration among them, except in a several cases of larger equipment. But they all
expressed a willingness to jointly realise projects, find ways to share equipment and resources, in general.
However, certain conditions must be defined in order to fulfill necessary conditions for proper
functioning of the equipment, such as: safety aspects, one responsible operator per each instrument,
definition of users' responsibilities and protocols for testing. There is a strong need to define official legal
frameworks for equipment sharing, as well as protocols for the transfer of research results into practical
applications, in all relevant cases of collaboration between research units and economy (small and
medium enterprises, SMEs, entrepreneurs, and industry in general).
Table 5: Specific conditions in relation to scientific research institutions in Montenegro
No Institution
1 Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro
Biotechnical Faculty is highly developed educational and research institution, with large number of
centers and laboratories in different biotechnology areas. The faculty has qualified staff and experts in all
areas and significant capacity resources (land for investigations, facilities, etc.). Beside facilities in
Podgorica, they have one Center in Bar (5 labs) and external department in Bijelo Polje for herbal and
medical plants investigations. Each of the laboratories/centers has its own range of activities. Majority of
them has developed commercially aimed activities, even though there is no organised profiting. And
some laboratories does not offer commercial services and perform limited number of non-profit services
(basic/applied science) for third parties (companies/physical persons). Commercial activities (different
analysis) are performed by demands of the physical persons and in scope of various projects officially
supported mainly by the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Science. They have other projects as
well, such as participation in FP7, Tempus programme and similar. The faculty expressed a strong need
for foundation of new laboratory (department) in relation to genetic analysis, genetic resources research
and molecular analysis.
A few labs are the only ones dealing with this area of research in Montenegro, such as: Phytosanitary
laboratory which is the only lab in Montenegro that performs controls of food for export; Milk lab - the
only accredited lab in area of milk and dairy products in Montenegro (approximately 490.000 data
obtained by various analysis realised on annual level); Wine (Oenology) lab - which is currently in a
process of official accreditation. Milk lab expressed a great need for renewal of the existing equipment
(used for more than 30 years), especially the one used for daily analysis aimed for companies, such as
daily milk and dairy products analysis for milk sector in Montenegro. Some labs have strong need for
closed regime of working, such as Phytosanitary laboratory that, according to EU standards in this area,
must have clean room environment to avoid any possible hazardous results. Many labs deals with
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hazardous substances and expressed a strong need to have better material/samples storage conditions, but
also a need for official protocols for handling and processing of hazardous substances aimed for external
users (companies and physical persons).
Even though they mostly did not share their existing equipment so far, due to their specific areas of
research, they expressed willingness to jointly share capital equipment, but with precise obligatory
definition of protocols for sharing, in order to avoid any potentially hazardous situations. The nature of
their research field must be taken into account since a large part of their activities involves dealing with
hazardous substances, poisons, flammable materials, bacteria materials, and many microbiology
organic/inorganic substances with unknown influences on the humans, animals and environment.
Accordingly, any uncontrolled access to such materials would represent great danger.
2 Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor, University of Montenegro
Institute of Marine Biology in Kotor is unique institution in Montengro and the whole Balkan region. The
Institute performs basic and applied research in different areas, at four Laboratories within the Institute:
Laboratory for chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology, Laboratory for ichthyology and marine
fishing, Laboratory for neurobiology and ecophysiology, Laboratory for general biology and marine
protection and Laboratory for developmental research and mariculture. From 1965., institute prepares and
publishes its own scientific journal STUDIA MARINA, where known scientists from country and abroad
publish papers.
The Institute developed successful collaboration with numerous institutions in a region and Europe.
Institute has potential for many highly profitable activities with great outputs and impacts in Montenegro,
but also in a whole Balkan region, as well. They have significant capacities, but lack significant initial
investments in order to start with offering services, such as marine aqua park; Center for biodiversity
research or commercialization of activities aimed at introduction of new species in the mariculture. Large
group of diverse potential users comprises: students, school pupils, small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
in area of marine fishes, clamps and other sea organisms breeding and tourism in general. Staff in the
institute has knowledge on development of new technologies for fish breeding that have great potential
for efficient transfer onto SMEs who has only traditional way of doing it, with high end commercial
effects and significant impact on economy in Montenegro.
Institute has rather good existing equipment, but they also have some resources that would need initial
investments to be setup again, such as: facility with large fish tanks that do are not in functional state due
to non usage for many years. Renewal of certain number of often used equipment which is outdated and
old is also a need. They are also in need of new young researchers, even though they do have recognised
experts in marine sciences.
3 Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology performs education and scientific research in areas of metallurgy,
chemical technologies and environment protection, and educate professionals for working in areas such
as: design and application of engineering materials, design and optimisation of different technologies or
environment protection. Faculty has significant facilities for education and research (e.g. 1.860 m2 lab
areas and 432 m2 classroom areas). Laboratory spaces comprise 15 different laboratories, in areas of
chemical disciplines, process metallurgy, processing metallurgy, material testing, material
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characterisation, water technologies, corrosion and material protection, welding, material structure,
instrumental methods analysis, and environmental protection. Faculty has significant capacities in
laboratory spaces, existing capital and medium equipment and human resources, researchers in various
metallurgy and technology areas.
They also have a longstanding tradition of connections with industry and scientific community in the
whole Balkan region and EU. Beside traditional research in area of materials testing and technologies,
they have significant capacities for research in novel areas such as state-of-the-art field of
nanotechnologies. New materials is a significant field of research, which is developing area that
according to many world statistics and economy reports will generate the highest profit and bring rapid
economic growth and new jobs. Faculty has many application oriented research projects, related to
industrial materials and production technologies, but also in multidisciplinary areas such as in waste
management. Recognition of the importance of supporting the development of new research directions in
area of metallurgy and technology might have significant impact on the national economy.
4 Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Medicine realises basic studies for the degree of Medical Doctor (MD) and for the degree of
Doctor of Dental Medicine (DMD), and has also postgraduate studies. For education and research
activities, the Faculty has two new, modern buildings, amphitheatres, classrooms, laboratories, computer
rooms, rooms for preclinical courses. Clinical courses are realised within education-research basis of the
Faculty (clinics, institutes, health centers). PhD studies are multidisciplinary and comprise four areas:
basic experimental studies, clinical studies, public health and management in medicine.
Research activities are realised through number of national and international projects in area of medical
sciences. The collaboration of the Faculty with clinics, institutes and health centers in Montenegro is of
the high importance. Within the Faculty, Center of scientific work (CNIRS) is working, as a volunteer
students' organisation, founded by the student Council, gathering students interested in professional and
scientific activities and additional activities. Faculty of Medicine invested significant funds in equipment
and facilities for research and education in medical sciences. Modern Faculty building has adequately
equipped facilities for research. They established separate Microscope and Applied Biosystems RealTime PCR system facilities (around 140.000 € investments) with all necessary infrastructure (air supply
and ventilation, clean environment, etc.) according to world standards in biomedical research area.
Equipment obtained during the last years and infrastructural investments are covered partly from their
own resources and partly from international programs (Tempus).
6 Center of Information Technology, University of Montenegro
Center of Information Technology (CIS) is a central unit of the University of Montenegro related to
information technology and services. CIS is organisational unit of the University, founded in 1996. CIS is
defined as the information system which is jointly realised for the whole university with organisation
adjusted to modern concept of the information systems that should provide joint development and
maintenance of the system. Activities of the CIS comprise all related to planning and management of the
information system, as well as design and realisation of the information system, computer networks and
program applications of the common interest for all university members.
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Center is one of the executive MREN bodies (Academic network of the University of Montenegro, as
well as member of the European Academic network, GEANT) and active member of TERENA network
(Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association, http://www.terena.org/) which
represents international forum dedicated to cooperation, innovation and knowledge sharing with main
objective to improve and promote development of the Internet technologies, infrastructure and services
for research and education. They have developed close collaboration with Faculty of Electrical
Engineering and Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of Montenegro, through a
number of joint projects. They have new facilities and young staff willing to develop modern directions of
information sciences and research.
The Center has participated in highly important large international projects in FP6 program: SEE-GRID2
and SEEREN2, as well as in FP7 program: SEE-GRID-SCI, SEERA-EI and GN3, aimed precisely at
development of the information sciences. Their experience in such large and significant international
consortiums is very important knowledge which the staff in the Center has, what enables them to develop
further activities in commercialisation of achieved results, but also enables efficient improvement of the
visibility of the University of Montenegro in Europe.
7 Faculty of Tourism Bar - MTS - "Montenegro Tourism School", University Mediterranean
Faculty of Tourism Bar was founded in 2004. Faculty offers two study programs, within basic academic
studies and postgraduate studies: Management in tourism and Hotel management. They are focused on
modern education methods, with accent given to constant interaction of students and teachers. The
Faculty has a clear vision to apply new knowledge in the related industry. In accordance with this, they
organise frequent visits of national and international experts, visits to the known hotel-tourist companies,
study visits to get acquainted with key locations and regions relevant for tourism development in
Montenegro, and professional practice in the country and abroad.
Faculty has significant capacities in teaching and research space. They expressed high willingness to
participate in research projects in area of modern tourism development in Montenegro. Faculty has
competent and motivated staff. They have invested significant funds in modern teaching facilities, with
modern classrooms and necessary infrastructure. Their primary activities are related to education, but they
also do research in area of sustainable tourism. However, the Faculty lack some of the basic systems to
support research in their domain, such as videoconference rooms, open access to scientific papers
databases: EBSCO Knowledge Base and other sources of literature, as a necessary pre-condition for
efficient research. The area of research present at this Faculty is extremely important, because the
potentials for research results commercialization are high in cooperation with national tourist agencies,
but also in international cooperation through possible projects in this field, which will efficiently
contribute to the promotion and upgrade of potentials in Montenegro tourism.
8 Faculty of Information Technology, University Mediterranean
Faculty of Information Technology is modern academic institution which, from 2006, successfully
educate professionals in novel area of Information Technologies (IT). Their vision is to provide the
economy, state bodies and financial institutions with professionals with high degree of knowledge and
competencies in IT area. There is one study program, Information Technologies, with three modules:
Information systems, Software engineering and Computer networks and telecommunications, with clear
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objective to respond to high market demands with education and research. Management and staff at
Faculty are have expert knowledge in the research area of information and communication technologies,
as well as in organisation and management of large international programs and projects.
Activities at the Faculty are in synergy with actual economy needs for IT professionals and highly close
cooperation is established with large companies acknowledged in a world, such as Microsoft, Cisco,
Oracle. Significant support to education and research is provided by modern facilities and laboratories.
They introduced "distance learning system", and enabled efficient cooperation with experts outside
Montenegro and knowledge sharing.
Faculty has rich experience in participation and management of international projects in different
programs, such as Tempus, FP7, SEE-ERA.NET, COST, ERASMUS MUNDUS, based on over 8
realised or active projects. Researchers perform multidisciplinary oriented research and number of
innovative ideas about practical applications of IT research and their transfer to industry (e.g. software
development), medicine, tourism and economy (e.g. architectures oriented towards serviced, medical
informatics, safety aspects, etc.). Faculty management has expressed high motivation for cooperation in
projects that have practical aspects and cooperation with economy because information technologies
nowadays support almost any economy branch.
9 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (PMF) is well recognised scientific institution with a long
tradition in education and diverse research in basic sciences, but also with many application oriented
research in areas of: mathematics, computer science, physics and biology. Education is organised at three
levels: basic academic studies, specialist studies and master postgraduate and doctoral studies, within
three departments: Department of mathematics and computer sciences, Department of biology and
Department of physics. For ten years, University computer center had been an organisation unit of the
Faculty, as a support to the whole University of Montenegro. Now, there is Computer center of the
Faculty, as a independent organisation unit of the Faculty, which offer support to its education and
research in area of information technologies, and services for third parties. Faculty publishes
"Mathematica Montisnigri" scientific journal in areas of mathematics and computer sciences. Significant
research activities are present at the Faculty, and realised through projects by Ministry of Science,
international research projects and individual activities. Professors and associates have excellent
cooperation with a large number of scientific research institutions in the country and in EU, Russia and
USA, with prestigious results, what it also supported by the high number of papers published in high
ranked international scientific journals. PMF has years of experience in participation in Tempus projects.
Some of their existing equipment are unique in area of material science in Montenegro (such as
Spectrometer system Pripjat, worth around 100.000 €, or the unique system for spectrochemical analysis),
which enable modern research. The existing equipment is rather old, but regularly serviced and
maintained, and they greatly need official regular funds aimed for maintenance and services of the
scientific instruments. Safety aspects are especially important in relation to instruments in area of nuclear
materials research and regular calibration and services are of the utmost importance for both the students
and researchers coming in contact with it. They also expressed the strong need for establishment of the
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official legal regulative for research results transfer to market applications, which should be supported by
the Ministry.
10 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Montenegro
Three academic study programs are accredited at Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (basic and
postgraduate studies): Mechanical Engineering, Road traffic and Mechatronics. From 2008/09 year, study
program Mechanical Engineering is realised in Pljevlja, beside Podgorica, where the Faculty opened its
the department. The Faculty has had cooperation with famous university institutions in a world. Through
its Centers and laboratories, the Faculty realises significant vocational, professional and research
activities. There is a large number of centers and laboratories as separate organisation units of the Faculty,
in areas related to automotive industry, quality, mechanical constructions, traffic accidents expertise,
metal constructions, 3D visualisation, automation and mechatronics, metal testing, turbulent flow
investigations, vehicles certifications at technical examination line and many others.
Current research projects are mainly funded by the Ministry of Science, but there are also those financed
by European programs. They have large laboratory space, with good existing equipment, competent
experts and staff with extensive experience. Faculty has invested significant funds in establishment of
new laboratory for mechatronics, by using national and international projects, with a vision to submit new
Master program for accreditation in this area. They have impressive laboratories and recognised results in
research and education in area of hydraulics and fluid testing. They also have large machine park for
automotive testing and production engineering. Faculty has intensive research in area of energy and plans
to further develop and establish energy investigations of buildings. They expressed motivation for
projects aimed at research results transfer to economy and industry development in Montenegro.
11 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Electrical Engineering (ETF) is academic and research institution with over 50 years long
tradition, well recognised in application oriented research. Education is organised through the following
Departments: Department of Energetics and Automatic, Department of Electronic, Telecommunication
and Computers and Department of applied computers. ETF realises education from its basic areas also at
other university units. The Faculty is located in the building of technical faculties, where it has facilities
within 3800 m2 area. They publish ETF Journal of Electrical Engineering in area of electric engineering.
Faculty has two modern computer rooms with 33 PCs. They have well equipped laboratories and
precisely defined plans for future developments. Their existing equipment enlisted in this study
comprised only those laboratories that also submitted lists of newly planned equipment. They have
number of highly motivated young researchers pursuing cutting-edge research in areas of electrical
engineering.
Independently, or in collaboration with other institutions, ETF realises: transfer and development
programs, technical control of investment-technical documentation, supervision of investment building
and technical certification of facilities in their domain, certification of devices and systems and other
laboratory services in area of electrotechnics and computer techniques. Faculty realises: quality control of
the equipment and performed services, services in application of security measures and legislative,
research aimed at improvement of working conditions, expertise and control of technical documentation,
issues certificates and professional evaluations for machines, devices and tools, expertise and technical
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control of documentation, consulting (engineering), etc. In 2012, Faculty's Center of Telecommunication
became a part of the newly founded Center of tele-infrastructure of South-East Europe (CTIF SEE), thus
becoming a part of the CTIF-Global network. CTIF SEE mission is to improve the cooperation
framework in CTIF-Global, to establish telecommunication laboratories for fundamental research with
global influence, simultaneously supporting virtual and real mobility of students and researchers. CTIF
SEE will funstion as research academic center whose main goals will be innovation, standardization and
support in start-up creation.
ETF has been participation in large number of national and international projects in applied research.
Professors and associates of the Faculty are very much engaged in organisation of different events which
enable identification and formulating of new research initiatives and topics, and further qualitative ETF
positioning, such as numerous workshops, seminars, conferences and lectures of eminent experts.
12 The Natural History Museum, Podgorica
The beginning of the Natural History Museum dates in 1961, by foundation of Nature History collections.
The collections had several hundreds of stuffed birds, mainly from Skadar lake, but also a large number
of other exhibits. Today, Museum exhibits are numerous and activities also comprise scientific processing
of the exhibits, as well as: systematic research of natural values; collecting of the natural materials; study
of the material; preservation of natural materials; professional protection of natural materials; professional
and scientific processing of museum objects; exhibitions of natural mobile objects important from
cultural, scientific and educational aspects; cooperation with University of Montenegro in natural sciences
education; cooperation with other museums and institutions in areas of culture, education, science and
public information, as well as offering services on commercial basis.
The Museum is organised through several sectors, whereat the main part of research is done in Biological
sector and Geological sector. They lack appropriate facilities for museum collections, archiving and
exhibitions, but they are in negotiations regarding their facilities. Adequate facilities and space would
enable its significant development towards further directions of scientific activities, but also in clear
directions of wide offer of commercial services through attractive cultural, tourist and educational events,
such as exhibitions, fairs, school exchanges, seminars, broad cultural events, filming of educational
documentaries and other programs that could be organised in cooperation with the whole academic and
scientific research community in Montenegro. They expressed a strong need for legal regulative in
relation to purchase and obtaining of new exhibits (e.g. birds, small animals, etc.), because the solving of
this problem is vital for museum work.
13 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Civil Engineering is academic institution which develops scientific research work and realises
activities related to solving of problems in design, construction and exploitation of complex and specific
civil projects. Education at Faculty comprises study programs: Civil engineering and Management in civil
engineering, and there is also postgraduate program. Research work is focused on investigations of civil
construction materials, elements and parts with special accent on investigation of reliability of civil and
engineering constructions subjected to earthquake, as well as organising and developing research
experimental activities in areas of earthquake engineering and lowering seismic risks, geotechnical and
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seismic testing. Faculty is especially devoted to the experimental research as very significant part of
research.
Faculty has significant large capacities in both the facilities (large laboratories) and expert staff.
Laboratories have been developed in accordance with experimental research completely simulating
practical real problems in modern civil engineering. Most of the existing equipment in labs is the result of
high personal engagement of the researchers and associates and part of the equipment was obtained
through national projects. Faculty realises number of applied research activities in civil engineering. They
expressed a willingness to engage in new directions of development (e.g. road structures investigations)
and to start the official procedure to obtain the status of the national body for certification of construction
materials, especially for imported materials for buildings, roads and other civil engineering constructions.
They plan to accredit a laboratory in area of road constructions and materials. They have staff and
facilities, but lack the equipment in this area, which is highly important from aspect of road infrastructure
development in Montenegro.
14 Faculty of Architecture, University of Montenegro
Study program Architecture was founded in 2002, as the department at Faculty of Civil Engineering in
Podgorica, showing the decade's need for staff in the field of architecture and urbanism in the country.
Faculty of Architecture was founded in 2006, as independent unit of the university and represents one of
the youngest one of technical faculties. Faculty offers different possibilities for education, from basic
academic studies, to postgraduate specialist and master studies, as well as good conditions for research in
areas of: Architectural organisation of space; Urbanism organisation of space; Interior architecture;
Protection and revitalisation of construction heritage; Bioclimatic and energy efficient architecture;
Constructive systems; Project management and investment in civil engineering. Faculty has fundamental,
applied and developmental research in areas of architecture and urbanism and independently or in
collaboration with other institutions prepare and realise scientific and other projects and expertise. On
annual level, they organise numerous lectures and exhibitions of famous European architects.
Faculty has participated in large number of significant conceptual and lead projects in collaboration with
economy in Montenegro. They have developed exceptionally good cooperation with other architectural
faculties in a region, as well as with institutions important for quality approach to development of applied
research in areas of architecture and urbanism. Faculty of Architecture showed great interest for research
aimed for practical applications. The Faculty indicated a lack of space since their building is not finished
yet, as well as a great lack of scientific research equipment and computers. They have plans to focus on
research related to the energy efficiency in buildings and other relevant projects in area of sustainable
architecture.
16 13. JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
Company 13. JUL-PLANTAŽE was founded in 1963, and has business in: production of wine and table
grapes, peaches, production and distribution of wine and wine brandies, breeding of fishes, catering and
retail sale. Research activities are organised with a very precise focus to applied research. The most
important Plantaže production sector is of course related to grapes and wine. The company has the largest
vineyard in one complex in Europe, on over 2310 hectares of land.
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Plantaže is the market leader in the Balkans region and its products, due to their high and continuously
good quality, have been exported to over 30 countries. Specificity of the company is the strategy, based
on the autochthonous wine grape varieties, Vranac and Krstač. The most famous product, Vranac wine is
the trade brand after which Montenegro is recognised and more than 500 awards and prizes at national
and international fairs and exhibitions in competition with leading wine countries, are confirmation of the
product quality. The company performs in accordance with the International quality ISO 9001, ISO
14000 and HACCP, regularly introducing the new products and following world trends in the production
and turnover of both standard and barrique wines.
They have well equipped facilities and competent staff. They plan to establish a modern laboratory in area
of microbiology and wine research. Plantaže is the company successful in commercialization of their
research results and they represent the company that can greatly contribute to development of economy in
Montenegro in several economy branches, from wine production, tourism up to development of services
sector.
17 Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro
Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro has activities in a highly sensitive area of
seismology and hydrometeorology. Institute of Seismology was founded in 1960 and deals with
continuous seismic and geodynamic monitoring of Montenegro territory and the region, prepare analysis
of seismic hazards and does numerous other investigations of seismic data, aimed at development and
improvement of general knowledge about geological and geophysical processes of earthquakes on
Montenegro territory. The institute continuously monitors and investigates phenomenon in zones of the
high hydro-power plants, that is induced seismic activities, as a consequence of the acting of hydrostatic
and hydrodynamic processes occurring during the filling and emptying of the large accumulations, what
makes the Institute unique in Montenegro.
The Institute has participated in numerous projects so far (FP7, NATO program, DFG German foundation
program, number of regional projects, such as EUROKOD 8), in area of applied research, as very
important for Montenegro. Institute has top profile experts in the seismology field. They have small
number of staff, but with prestigious results and references. They have unique and specific equipment and
highly recognised results within the whole region and the world, what is also confirmed by numerous
project participations usually as a decisive partner role. They are part of the world network of seismology
centers and have real time monitoring, recording and display of seismic activities within a region. The
impact of their work is immense and can be applied not only in prediction of seismic activities of the
ground in Montenegro, being a region prone to seismic activities, but also very useful for buildings design
and construction. They are also highly important for urban planning, as well as for all civil constructions
and planning of building on seismic grounds.
They are in a great need of suitable systems for large data storage, because they must keep all recorded
data infinitely, according to standards. They are in need for regular funding of terrain work and
maintenance of terrain equipment located in the several mountain locations far away from their home
facilities in Podgorica. These pieces of dislocated equipment (seismographs) need very carefully designed
housings that cost high and so far, the Institute has financed it from some national project. Their vision is
to pursue one new direction of research related to insurance of civil constructions based on seismic
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activities in the vicinity of the object, what is a new direction of development in commercial insurance
agencies. Also, production of national Annex for Montenegro, in scope of regional and world standards
would enable high quality building of civil constructions.
18 The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić
The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute has long tradition, starting from 80s when significant investment was
made to build multipurpose facilities, and to provide the most modern equipment for research and
laboratory and industrial applications. The Institute was founded by Željezara Nikšić (The Steelworks
Nikšić) for its own research work and technological development and also for the scientific and teaching
purposes for the Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro. From its beginning
till today, they perform business based on market demands with economy and higher education
institutions, through realisation of research tasks, studies, expertise, specialist investigations, master thesis
and doctoral thesis, and its own production. From 2004, Institute is organised as has been structured as a
shareholding company with a majority share package owned by the Government and some institutional
funds. Institute owns a great deal of high-value property in real estate, capital facilities and human
resources.
The Institute is organised through several Sectors and Laboratories with accredited testing methods, for:
chemical testing; investigations by destructive and non-destructive methods; technical protection testing
and quality control. They have steel production, cold wire rolling mill, foundry and technical services
within Sector of production. Activities of the Institute are based mainly on research and development
within technical technological sciences, laboratory on-site testing and thorough characterization of metal
and non-metal materials and process facilities on one side and production of merchant steel castings, steel
products, semi-finished steel products and nonferrous metals and their alloys on the other. They have
developed numerous types of steel, alloys and metal materials, as well as the technologies of their
production.
Institute has large space, extremely well equipped with instruments for different research in areas of
material science (production and investigations), nanotechnology, new technologies, basic and applied
natural sciences (chemistry, biology), environment protection, standardization, etc. Institute also has some
high-priced and rare equipment such as TEM Microscope with appropriate equipment for sample
preparation for TEM microscopy, worth around 1.5 M€. Currently, they have the highest part of research
and services in areas of: fuels and oils testing; and air pollution. Institute has excellent expert staff for
development and research of materials and equipment which is rather old but in a very good condition,
even though some of it has not been used very often. Institute has capacities for extensive number of
research activities and expressed high willingness to offer their services (equipment and expertise related)
to all scientific community in Montenegro and the region, as well.
19 Faculty of Marine Studies in Kotor, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Marine Studies is one of the oldest higher education instituion in marine sciences within
Balkan region. It was founded in 1959, as the School for Maritime Studies in Kotor, for the needs of
marine infrastructure in Montenegro, and in 1981 it became the Faculty of Marine Studies. Today, there
are academic and applied study programs. Academic study program is organised in two directions:
Maritime sciences and Management in Maritime Science. Applied study program is organised in
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following areas: Nautics; Maritime Machine engineering and Maritime electrotechnic. The Faculty is the
first higher education institution in Montenegro which was, already in 2000, certifies in accordance with
quality system ISO 9001. They have modern education equipment, as well as equipment for practical
teaching and "distance learning system" has been introduced also, as very important considering the
nature of the maritime business. This enables quality education from anywhere in the world, but also
excellent support system for knowledge sharing during research and cooperation with researchers all over
the world. Achieved quality of education and research enables the graduated students from this Faculty to
find jobs at maritime companies across the world.
Today they have modern facilities and some of the cutting-edge equipment (e.g. virtual classrooms for
navigation and ship control), laboratories and two large computer rooms. Maritime library is also part of
the Faculty, from the very beginning in 1959, and the building where the library is located today is
important cultural-historical monument in Montenegro. Maritime library has around 6 thousands titles
and over 13 thousands library units and belongs to the network of faculty libraries at the University of
Montenegro. Faculty performs research in highly relevant areas from aspects of national priorities in
Montenegro, with a strong focus to applied research in marine sciences and cooperation with companies
in this sector. Several international projects (Tempus, Research Council of Norway), national, bilateral
and regional projects are currently under realization. Professors of this Faculty have been awarded some
of the most prestigious fellowships and have long year work experience at the most prestigious scientific
research institutions in the world.
They have significant potential for development, starting from basic research and education in maritime
sciences, up to the application of bio-fuels in marine sciences, tourism, but also in transfer of knowledge
to small and medium enterprises (SME) and entrepreneurs. Their specific research area offers possibilities
for engagement at large number of multidisciplinary projects and networking with many other institutions
and starting of significant projects.
21 Faculty of Information Systems and Technology – UDG
Faculty of Information Systems and Technology (FIST) is founded with a focus to apply the principles of
information system building to economy and business. Curriculum programs are based on American
concept of practical approach in education. Special attention is given to IT skills, research capabilities of
students and professors, entrepreneur approach to life and communication skills. Collaborators of the
Faculty are Oracle, Saga, Microsoft and Exploring companies, having business in the field of information
technologies and cooperation with Nokia company is currently in realisation. Main concept of the Faculty
is to practically apply informatics in order to solve the real business problems.
UDG has newly built facilities of around 16,000 m2, with modern teaching space, 20 classrooms, 5
amphitheaters, the most modern videoconference systems and several computer rooms with the latest
computers and accessories, the most modern audio-video equipment throughout the whole building
(classrooms, library, halls). They have mobile system of laptops and boards that can be easily transferred
to any location, which enables terrain research in real conditions, organisation of summer schools,
seminars, business fairs. "Distance learning system" has been introduced what enables sharing of
knowledge with the whole world. UDG has the library with large number of state-of-the-art literature.
There are well equipped sports terrains and accessories in the vicinity of the Faculty. They lack wide
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access to scientific papers databases. Faculty has cooperation with numerous scientific institutions all
over the world, what is confirmed also by their participation in number of national and international
projects (IPA, Tempus, bilateral projects). They have signed number of cooperation agreements with
universities from the majority of the countries in the region, Europe, USA, Canada and South America.
22 Faculty of Polytechnics – UDG
Faculty of Polytechnics was founded in 2011 with the goal to comprise state-of-the-art applicative
knowledge of technical courses of civil engineering and architecture with social science courses
(economy, finance, law, project management) which enables direct insight to the position of civil
engineering and architectural professions in the society, as well as their interactions with relevant social
structures. Faculty of Polytechnics is focused on knowledge that directly and operatively supports the
work of the companies dealing with business in activities of civil constructions, architecture and
urbanism.
Faculty of Polytechnics is using all infrastructural, organisational and staff potentials of the university.
Faculty is very open for cooperation aimed at application of scientific research results in practice.
23 Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology – UDG
Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology has been founded as a result of the need for
improvement of knowledge and professionals in areas related to food industry, because it has showed
dynamic growth in the last ten years in Montenegro. Faculty is using all infrastructural, organisational and
staff potentials of the university, but they lack significant equipment for research in food sciences. From
its very beginning, they have organised meetings of researchers, professors, students and economy
representatives, focused on defining the best directions of scientific research results transfer to the real
industry practice.
Faculty is primarily focused on production processes of different agricultural-food products, hotelcatering and catering complexes (especially in scope of the strong development of tourist offer), sanitaryhygienic working conditions, as well as ecology (especially from the approach Montenegro's declaration
of the country to be an ecological State). Faculty mission is to create knowledge in all previous areas and
to comprise both ecological standards and standards in relation to energy efficiency, in scope of food
technologies development. Faculty has multidisciplinary approach to research with commercial focus,
linking applied research with knowledge in economy, financing, management of safety and quality of
food and management of environment protection.
24 Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor, University of Montenegro
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor, founded in 1999, deals with education and research in
tourism and hotel industry. Based on 40 years of tradition in higher education of tourist professionals in
Kotor and based on market demands, Faculty is founded with a goal to become the leading institution for
education of professionals in tourism as a priority economy branch in Montenegro. They have large
amphitheatre, several classrooms, computer room with 60 seats and foreign language room with 27 seats.
They perform basic academic, specialist, master and doctoral studies in tourism and hotel industry and
their activities are focused on intensive cooperation with professional, educational and scientific
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institutions in the country and abroad, with companies and other related groups in the business. Besides,
Faculty organises different innovations and professional education, trainings, courses for licences,
research and professional work in their field.
Based on the Agreement on scientific and education cooperation between Russian State University of
Trade and Economics and University of Montenegro, from November, 23 2010, the joint education
program "Semester abroad" has been realised. The objective of this program is exchange of students
between Russian State University of Trade and Economics and Faculty of Tourism and Hotel
Management, in order for students to finish one semester abroad, either in Moscow or Kotor.
International cooperation with related faculties and institutions from abroad is realised through
organisation of conferences, workshops and education programs in areas of tourism and hotel industry, as
well as mobility of students and professors and promoting research activities. They participate in
international projects (Tempus, WUS). They have no significant scientific equipment and since they have
research in area of social sciences, they need software (STATA) for statistical analysis and computers.
25 Faculty of Business and Tourism, Budva
Faculty of Business and Tourism Budva is accredited in 2010. Faculty organises modern education and
research in the field of tourism and hotel industry and they are located in the building of Academy of
Knowledge in Budva. They have two study programs: Basic academic study program "Management in
tourism and catering" and postgraduate specialist academic study program "Management in tourism and
catering". Faculty is focused on education and application of research results in areas of: catering, tourist
recreation and entertainment, tourist attractions, tourist agencies, tourist trade, whereas the accent is given
not only to acquire theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills. City Library is also a part of the
University center Academy of Knowledge in Budva, comprising large number of professional literature
for the Faculty. They have "distance learning system". Faculty is aimed at getting the insight in real
problems of the tourism market, through practice.
Scientific research activities at the Faculty are aimed at problems in tourism and catering, education of
management with leader attitude in hotel industry and tourism, balance between general knowledge
education, professional skills and managerial skills, lifelong learning in hotel industry and tourism. They
have no significant scientific equipment and they need computers and software (IBM SPSS Statistic) for
statistical analysis. They are open for cooperation at project in general tourism field.
26 Institute of Modern Technologies, Montenegro
Institute of Modern Technologies is private scientific-research institution in area of information and
communication technologies, founded with objective to support economic development of Montenegro as
knowledge based society. The Institute team is comprised of researchers oriented towards increase in
efficiency of application of research results in practice, achieving international standards in science and
research activities, as well as on establishing cooperation with other academic scientific research
institutions, commercial entities, regarding the implementation of programs and projects, in scope of
European research programs, such as ERA, FP, IPA, Tempus, etc.
Main activity of the Institute is the realization of international projects in areas of basic and applied
research, with a focus to information and communication technologies, as well as participation in national
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projects. Institute has research in several fields: Internet technologies; e-Health; e-Learning; Software
engineering; Security technologies in information systems; Standardization in information and
communication technologies. Within the Institute, Sector for cooperation with industry and economy, has
realised numerous applied projects related to development of software products and network services
aimed for economy and companies, in areas of design, software engineering, business development,
project management, definition of hardware and software characteristics of information system,
programming and other.
Institute intends to realise multidisciplinary research in information and communication technologies,
energy and alternative sources of renewable energy. They need software for statistical analysis and
computer hardware (for virtualization and for development of advanced robot applications), as well as
other scientific equipment.
27 Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro
Environmental Protection Agency was founded in 2008, with a goal to protect and improve natural
environment tin Montenegro, but also to provide reliable and timely information to public, national and
international bodies and organisation about the environment condition in Montenegro, as well as to realise
transparent and responsible implementation of laws, regulations and policies related to environment. The
foundation of Agency created conditions to implement EU objectives and standards related to
environment protection. Agency mission is active improvement of ecological status of Montenegro,
whereat important support to that process is realisation of research activities in these fields, as well as
application of results in practice. Agency is organised through several Sectors, whereas research is
realised within the Sector of nature protection, monitoring, analysis and reporting. Agency cooperate with
international organisations dealing with environment protection and especially with European
Environmental Protection Agency, International Agency for Atomic Energy.
Agency has research in area of biodiversity. Objective of the monitoring of biodiversity condition is to
preserve, improve and protect it, and is focused on monitoring of the most representative species and
habitats from international and national significance. Research of marine ecosystems is aimed at
monitoring of the coastal ecosystem condition in Montenegro, with a goal to evaluate the condition of
marine biodiversity and seawater quality. Evaluation of the level of seawater pollution is done, what is
very important having in mind that tourism is one of the most important economy branches. Separate
research areas, within the Agency, are related to soil, water and air.
They obtained several new scientific instruments in scope of projects they participate in, but they still lack
important research equipment. They are willing to share resources and participate in joint activities with
other research units in Montenegro and abroad. Agency has a vision to pursue development in the
following directions: water directives; birds and habitats directives; standardization in area of biodiversity
and networking of protected regions development. They also plan to engage more in monitoring of
environment conditions.
29 Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Nikšić, University of Montenegro
Faculty for Sport and Physical Education in Nikšić, was founded in 2008, with education and research in
areas of physical education and sports. It started by the transformation of three study programs: Physical
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culture, Sport journalism and Sport trainers, which were organised at Faculty of Philosophy in Nikšić,
until then. Beside basic academic study, they organise specialist postgraduate and specialist master
studies. Faculty has the Center for diagnostics in sports, internet room, sport library, gym and fitness
room, amphitheatre, classrooms and modern cabinets. They consider that one of the recognised,
especially actual problem in physical culture is the question of its relation to modernisation - innovations
of technologies of professional-pedagogical work in all of its constitutive forms: physical education,
sport, and sport recreation. The Faculty has well developed cooperation and signed agreements on
international scientific cooperation with numerous faculties in the region and Europe. such as: Faculty of
Sports Studies, Masaryk University in Brno; University of Greenwich, London; Faculty of Kinesiology in
Split; Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University Coimbra, Portugal (ESSPE), as well
as with other related faculties in Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine, Bulgaria
and Albania.
Faculty has a clear vision of development of sport sciences in Montenegro. Through their research
activities they can significantly contribute to the development of Montenegro, not only through sport
results improved by application of scientific principles, but also through different ways of
commercialization in this area. They made significant investments in facilities and teaching resources,
through the renovation of building, equipping classrooms, by engaging their own resources and through
projects they participate in. They lack adequate equipment for pursuing research in area of sport sciences.
They expressed willingness to participate in joint projects and to collaborate through equipment sharing,
when possible. Their vision for further development comprises two main directions: management in sport
and functional diagnostics of sportsman, which currently does not exist in Montenegro and would enable
professional results for national sports teams.
30 Faculty of Transport, Communications and Logistics, Berane
Faculty of Transport,Communications and Logistics (FTCL) in Berane was founded in 2008 and it is the
first accredited faculty on the north of Montenegro and the only faculty in this area in Montenegro and in
the region. FTCL educate managers in transport and communication. The main objective of the Faculty is
to educate graduate engineers in transport, communication and logistics, based on the most modern
knowledge (theory and practice) in rail, road, air and post transport, communication and logistics. They
have three study programs: Transport study program comprising areas of management, organisation,
marketing, and finances; E-Communication study program, comprising areas of management
communication networks and systems, tariff politics of tele-communication services, management and
development of mobile communications; Study program Logistics is related to organisation of logistic
systems, freight transport and agency business, management of chain supply networks. Center of
transport safety is a part of the Faculty and performs expertise related to traffic accidents.
Transport has a main role for the regional cooperation within South East Europe and also for connection
to European Union, and a very important pre-condition is the development of professionals in areas of
transport, communication and logistics. From perspective of Montenegro, taking into account
strategically important development of tourism and eco-economy for its future, transport has a crucial
role, because it enables efficient connection with other countries and rapid development of many other
economy sectors. Faculty has established cooperation with certain number of institutions in the region, as
well as with economy organizations, based on signed cooperation agreements in relation to: education,
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lectures of eminent professors, joint research projects etc. They have realised several projects in applied
research, in cooperation with industry. They have no scientific equipment and are especially in need of
computer hardware and software for analysis in their area of research.
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Comparative diagrams of the time frame of the existing equipment use in scientific research institutions,
given in Fig. 1, show that the highest number of equipment is rather old, meaning that it needs
investments related to their servicing, calibration and/or renewal. The small number of devices was
obtained during the last couple of years, mainly through international projects such as: FP7, Tempus, IPA,
The Norwegian Ministry Programme, or national projects. All scientific research institutions which
participated in this Study strongly expressed the need for regular maintenance funds. Also, lists of the
lacking equipment in institutions reflected the need for equipment renewal, since many of the existing
ones are in function but very old (some only partly functioning). Comparative diagrams in Fig. 2, of the
current condition of the existing equipment in scientific research institutions shows the same previous
conclusion: the majority of equipment is in fair condition, but this only means that maintenance and
calibration is needed more often (spare parts supply must be provided and in some cases it is impossible
due to outdated equipment or lack of service provider). The part of the equipment which is out of order is
shown because, for these instruments, repair would be possible if some favorable cost-efficient servicing
is to be found. Usually, in these cases, international servicing is the only possible option at the moment
and it is so costly, that it overcomes the price of the new instrument.
Figure 1. Comparative diagrams of the time frame of the existing equipment use in scientific research institutions
(capital and medium equipment).
Figure 2. Comparative diagrams of the current conditions of the existing equipment in scientific research
institutions (capital andmedium equipment).
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Figure 3 shows the comparative diagrams of the frequency of the existing equipment use in scientific
research institutions. These diagrams show that the majority of equipment is used on everyday and
weekly basis, especially in case of medium equipment, what was expected. Medium equipment is needed
for almost all tests (e.g. autoclaves, balances, etc.), while capital equipment is usually used in experiments
that need more planning, also because use of capital equipment in tests means appropriate further costs
(e.g. test material, sample preparation, etc.).
Figure 3. Comparative diagrams of the frequency of the existing equipment use in scientific research institutions
(capital /medium equipment).
Important part of the equipment financing is its maintenance and installation costs. Figures 4 and 5 show
compared equipment purchase costs and maintenance and installation costs, for existing equipment in
scientific research institutions in Montenegro.
It can be seen that the majority of equipment does not need any further costs (or they are too small to be
encountered), after its purchase. Those belongs to a groups of microscopes, spectrophotometers,
difractometers, chromatography systems, computer hardware and software, balances, steel frames,
furnaces, autoclave, freezers, centrifuges, mixers, ultrasound devices, etc. But it should be noted that even
for those devices, sometime it is necessary to provide funds for some reparation in case of their failure.
But sometimes, in case of the small value devices, it is more economically justified to purchase a new
instrument than to repair it. Really high additional costs shown in the right parts of Figures 4 and 5, are
related mainly to large capital equipment systems, which, in order to operate properly, need specific
annual works of calibration, some parts replacements (e.g. probes at high resolution microscopes) or
regular check-out and servicing. Also, very expensive equipment should have insurance that represents
additional costs (some international projects require all new equipment insurance as obligatory).
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Figure 4. Number of existing capital equipment according to their value in cost categories (€, left columns, dark
gray) and Annual costs of the maintenance (installation, calibration and regular service) (€, right columns, light
gray color).
Figure 5. Number of existing medium equipment according to their value in cost categories (€, left columns, dark
gray) and Annual costs of the maintenance (installation, calibration and regular service) (€, right columns, light
gray color).
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Figure 6 shows research areas according to the existing capital and medium equipment, with numbers
representing a number of existing equipment in a specific area. Later in the next Chapter, research areas
according to planned equipment are given. From Fig. 6, it can be seen that Technical-technological
sciences are far the most present (41%). It is followed by the Multidisciplinary areas (26%) and
Agricultural sciences (14%). Multidisciplinary areas covered in scientific research institutions can be
grouped to the following four global multidisciplinary areas:
 Technical-technological sciences, Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Medical sciences,
Agricultural sciences;
 Ecotoxicology, Medical sciences, Agricultural sciences, Natural Sciences and Mathematics;
 Information Technologies, Computer networks, Software engineering, Intelligent systems;
 Tourism and Hotel Industry.
Figure 6. Research areas according to the existing capital and medium equipment (numbers represents a number of
existing equipment in a specific area).
It should be noted that Biotechnology area can be observed also as being a part of either Technicaltechnological sciences, and/or within Natural Sciences and Agricultural sciences. Accordingly 3% part of
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Biotechnology in Fig. 6 can be observed as a part of each of these previous areas. Information
technologies with a share of approximately 5% have become important part of each research area,
because by its nature it is multidisciplinary area of research. ICT technologies are unavoidable foundation
for majority of research and education today, starting from personal computers use in everyday work up
to specialized software in specific areas. Medical sciences are represented in a really small percentage
(around 3%), but it should be noted that only one institution (Faculty of Medicine, University of
Montenegro) dealing with pure medical sciences participated in this Study, even though there are a few
more that did not took part in this Study (Institute for public health; Faculty of Applied Physiotherapy,
Igalo; Clinical Center of Montenegro and Center for ecotoxicology investigations of Montenegro), so this
share of Medical sciences is probably larger than 3%. Sport sciences are beginning their development in
Montenegro, since the institutions having activities in this area are young and their development needs
support.
2.2 Lacking medium/capital equipment per scientific research institution
Lacking equipment within observed scientific research institutions have been analysed from aspects of
planned future research directions. Comparative diagrams of the planned frequency use of the new
equipment in research institutions given in Fig. 7, shows that institutions expressed their need for the
most often used equipment: the majority is planned to be used on daily/weekly basis. By looking to
details of the listings in database of the lacking equipment it can be concluded that institutions mainly
would purchase equipment which is highly in scope of the activities they already perform, either renewal
of the outdated equipment or new better solutions of the equipment they already use. As previously stated
in this Study, all participants expressed the willingness to share equipment that can be shared, especially
the capital equipment, but with precise definition of sharing protocols in case when scientific research
institution is interested to use equipment not located at their own facilities (e.g. 1 operator at the
instrument from the institution that the device belong to; precise sharing of rights and obligations, from
scheduling, results use, etc.). Safety and hazardous aspects of specific equipment must also be considered.
Figure 7. Comparative diagrams of planned frequency use of the new equipment in scientific research institutions
(capital /medium equipment).
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As in the case of existing equipment, maintenance and installation costs should be provided for the new
equipment and it is in the most cases of order of approximately 10% from the purchase price of the
equipment, what can be seen also from Figures 8 and 9.
Figure 8. Number of the lacking capital equipment according to their value in cost categories (€, left columns, dark
gray) and Annual costs of the maintenance (installation, calibration and regular service) (€, right columns, light
gray color).
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Figure 9. Number of the lacking medium equipment according to their value in cost categories (€, left columns,
dark gray) and Annual costs of the maintenance (installation, calibration and regular service) (€, right columns,
light gray color).
Regarding lacking equipment listed in this Study, the majority of institutions have already invested in lab
adaptation and only small number of them would need some really small funds for lab re-adaptation,
mostly in relation to electricity distribution, internet networks, office furniture or support systems for new
equipment (water, electricity, etc.). However, in order to perform the research, it is necessary to provide
funds for regular maintenance such as calibration, regular obligatory servicing (e.g. probes exchange),
repairs if and when needed, test materials and terrain research activities.
Figure 10 shows research areas according to the planned equipment in scientific research institutions. It
can be seen that there is only one difference if compared to Fig. 6: there is one more scientific area
present - Social sciences. This indicates that social sciences are beginning to use new equipment, mostly
software and computers. This conclusion can also be drawn if listings of existing and lacking equipment,
within this Study, are observed.
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Figure 10. Research areas according to the planned capital and medium equipment (numbers represents a number
of planned equipment, that is, needed equipment, in a specific area).
Scientific research institutions that have research activities in areas of social sciences, which participated
in this Study, mainly lack any equipment and they need software and computer hardware and software
systems. Therefore, in Fig. 6, there is no social science present, even though this does not mean that this
area of research in Montenegro has no results, only that they lack equipment. On the other hand, social
sciences do not need scientific instruments, as in the case of technological sciences, because their
experiments involve other categories of observations. Accordingly, it can be said that this Study is not
highly relevant for the current state of the social sciences in Montenegro, because of which not all
scientific research institutions in social sciences have been considered for analysis, but only those for
which it was considered to have the equipment, related to their scientific area, and that could be important
during the establishment of the joint research area or shared use of equipment.
2.3 Requirements and expenses of operating environments in scientific research institutions
Based on all previously stated and based on the prepared database of existing and lacking equipment that
accompany this Study, several conclusions can be drawn. Requirements (and expenses) of operating
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environments per scientific research institution are complex and need to involve more levels of
stakeholders in management, especially in general planning of research directions. Ministry of Science
naturally represents unique official body that can connect all relevant actors of university life and offer
valuable guidance for future activities. All discussions undertaken in scope of the field visits confirmed
that scientific research institutions have this perception of the Ministry of Science, expecting its support
and help in global matters. Institutions need regular funding of maintenance costs for research
experiments, from repair costs, up to regular servicing, calibration, materials for testing and terrain
experiments and field visits costs. Operating environments costs varies greatly in different research areas.
Technological sciences, natural and medical sciences, biotechnology, agricultural, seismology and
hydrometerology research all demand high material costs and maintenance costs for equipment, beside
investments in the scientific instruments. On the other hand, information technologies also need
investment in software and hardware, whereas software can be of the high cost, especially for specific
research areas and specialized programs. Social sciences have the least investment from aspects of the
equipment itself. All research areas need wide access to literature and scientific databases.
Research institutions are in their nature non-profit ones and have many difficulties to make a significant
profit, except for those engaged in commercial activities in their legal form. Faculties have many issues
related to the possible profit obtained from research results. First, there is an ongoing contradictory
demand regarding staff time: on one side the time that staff invests in teaching as a primary activity, and
on the other side, time needed for research. It is hard to maintain optimum between scientific research
time vs teaching time. Faculties found it difficult to be observed as technical profit centers and they
should not be converted to that. At the same time, they need more application oriented and development
research projects suitable to their scientific expertise and in collaboration with economy. Higher number
of doctoral candidates is needed who would be more engaged in research, under the leadership of
experienced professors. All scientific research institutions which participated in this Study consider the
Ministry of Science as official body of the Government of Montenegro, should provide funding for the
employment of young researchers through projects in a longer time period (e.g. three years).
Another important issue strongly pointed out by the majority of participants, is the role of the Ministry of
Science in providing legal frameworks for the transfer of research results into market applications and
commercialization, such as the questions of ownerships, profiting, intellectual property (IP) rights in
research projects, means of employment for part-time associates on specific short-term projects and other
associated issues. Rental and revenues gained by individual institutions from aspects of performed
research are very low and does not exist for large number of participants. All research equipment can be
used for student training, giving valuable practical note to the education.
2.4 Existing priority research areas in Montenegro
Existing and planned research areas in Montenegro have been described in Chapters 2.2 and 2.3 (Figs. 6
and 10). The following specific research areas can be listed, as well as institutions which has research in
these fields, indicating current state of the research in Montenegro:
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1. Technical-technological sciences
 Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Marine Studies in Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Architecture, University of Montenegro
 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
 Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro
 The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić
 Faculty of Information Systems and Technology - University Donja Gorica
 Faculty of Polytechnics - University Donja Gorica
 Institute of Modern Technologies, Montenegro
 Faculty of Transport, Communications and Logistics, Berane
2. Biotechnology
 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro
 Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor, University of Montenegro
 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
 Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology - University Donja Gorica
3. Agricultural sciences
 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro
 Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
 Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology - University Donja Gorica
4. Natural Sciences and Mathematics
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 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
 Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro
 Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Marine Studies in Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro
 Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro
 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
 Faculty of Information Technology, University Mediterranean
 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro
 The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić
 The Natural History Museum
 Faculty of Information Systems and Technology - University Donja Gorica
 Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology - University Donja Gorica
 Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro
5. Medical sciences
 Faculty of Medicine, University of Montenegro
 Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
 Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology - University Donja Gorica
6. Information Technologies
 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Information Technology, University Mediterranean
 Faculty of Information Systems and Technology - University Donja Gorica
 Center of Information Technology, University of Montenegro
 Institute of Modern Technologies, Montenegro
 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro
7. Multidisciplinary, comprising some or all previous 6 scientific areas interlinked among each other:
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 All scientific research institutions perform research that can either partly or completely
belong to this category;
8. Sport sciences
 Faculty for Sport and Physical Education, Nikšić, University of Montenegro
9. Social sciences
 Faculty of Tourism Bar - MTS - "Montenegro Tourism School", University Mediterranean
 Faculty of Information Technology, University Mediterranean
 Faculty of Polytechnics - University Donja Gorica
 Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Business and Tourism, Budva
 Faculty of Transport, Communications and Logistics, Berane
10. Tourism
 Faculty of Tourism Bar - MTS - "Montenegro Tourism School", University Mediterranean
 Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management Kotor, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Business and Tourism, Budva
 Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor, University of Montenegro
 The Natural History Museum
 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro
 Faculty of Architecture, University of Montenegro
 Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro
Based on the previous list, it can be concluded that the majority of scientific research institutions in
Montenegro have research activities in technological sciences and interdisciplinary areas which in a
certain degree include Technical-technological sciences, Biotechnology, Natural Sciences and
Mathematics, Medical sciences, Agricultural sciences, Information Technologies, from some aspects.
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3.
Planning of optimized use of the capital and medium scientific research
equipment in Montenegro
3.1 Optimal using of the scientific research institutions resources in Montenegro
According to their research areas institutions can efficiently jointly use new capital equipment, but also
existing equipment, through joint projects and collaboration with industry. Technical-technological
sciences, Biotechnology and Medical sciences are the main areas where institutions can efficiently
collaborate and share resources aimed at mutual benefits. These are also the areas that can be recognised
as those where significant contribution to Montenegro economy can be realised.
There is one important pre-condition which should be established in order for research institutions to
willingly jointly use their resources, which was recognised during the discussions in scope of realised
field visits. Protocols of collaboration should be developed, through definition of the main methodologies,
in order to overcome recognised issues related to sharing of equipment and human resources. It is very
important to stress out that sharing of equipment does not in any way mean that equipment will be taken
over by someone else. The equipment stays the property of the research institution that obtained it. The
technical operator who works at the scientific instrument will realise all tests, with access of other users
only through collaboration with this one appointed person. This way, the proper functioning of the
equipment is guaranteed, by respecting all necessary protocols for its function. For instance, the results
obtained by using spectrophotometer are valid only when certain preparation and proper manipulation of
the samples are respected. Some devices must be started in certain specific obligatory way, or demand
temperatures at which it should stay, or else. Each type of scientific instrument demands specific set of
activities to be followed in order for the results to be reliable and the best knowledge on this has the staff
(e.g. technical operator) regularly working with this device. Also, for some devices, safety aspects are of
the utmost importance, for: the operator, students, audience and the environment, in general and wide
access would mean high hazardous risks (diseases, environment pollution, etc.). Sharing of results
obtained by using the equipment is another important topic. This can be solved in several ways. Two
ways, the most often used are the following: 1. the results can be produced on commercial basis and then
they are the property of the side that pays for the time of the device use; 2. joint research when joint
scientific papers or projects are further realised and both sides previously agreed how to use results.
Commercial use of the scientific equipment usually should mean that the institution has established some
regulations in relation to this, such as: the evaluation how much the services at each device cost; the
percentage that goes to the institution and to others involved in testing; scheduling of device use, etc. This
kind of official protocols are developed in those institutions in this Study which have already performed
testing as a service for some third party (companies, physical persons, Ministry, project partners, etc.), but
significant number of them has not done any results commercialization. Ministry of Science could offer
general framework how to do official collaboration, whereas in this moment all institutions have capable
staff and sufficient number of experts to realise it.
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Especially suitable equipment from aspects of sharing is capital equipment that is used (or planned to use)
on monthly basis (or occasionally), such as given in Figs. 3 and 7. From these diagrams, it can be seen
that approximately 16% of existing/planned capital equipment and planned medium equipment is used on
monthly basis. This means that there is a great possibility to agree on further collaboration with other
institutions that could use these devices, due to the available time left.
Joint sharing of the equipment can also mean participatory planning of procurement, use and maintenance
in defined areas, by defining shares of the specific device per institution. But generally, it is much easier
that one institution is responsible for one scientific instrument and that only collaboration protocols are
defined for its use in relation to all other institutions that could use it. This way, it is significantly easier to
provide suitable infrastructure, installation, operation, maintenance and upgrades.
In the category of lacking capital equipment, several devices that might be shared can be listed, as given
in the listing of sharable equipment (document of equipment list) which accompanies this Study
document.
1. Real-time Genetic Analyzer (50.000 €) and PCR System (22.000 €) are lacking at both
Biotechnical Faculty University of Montenegro and Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety
and Ecology - UDG.
2. CHNS analyser (50.000 - 74.000 €) is lacking at both Biotechnical Faculty University of
Montenegro and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro.
3. Device for extraction of total nucleic acid (12.000 €) is needed at both Biotechnical Faculty
University of Montenegro and Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety and Ecology - UDG.
4. New microscopes (15.000 - 150.000 €) are lacking at Biotechnical Faculty, Institute of Marine
Biology, University of Montenegro and Environmental Protection Agency. There are different
ways that these institutions could come to some agreement on sharing microscopes.
5. Spectrophotometer (80.000 - 100.000 €) is lacking at Institute of Marine Biology and Faculty of
Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro. 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica also
needs Spectrophotometer, but less costly (15.000 €). There are different ways that these
institutions could come to some agreement on sharing.
6. Gas chromatograph (35.000 - 100.000 €) is needed at both 13.JUL-PLANTAŽE a.d. Podgorica
and Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, University of Montenegro.
7. Different computer servers (10.000 - 60.000 €) are needed at several research institutions - for
some there is a possibility to share, but that depends on their purpose and this needs to be further
discussed with users, namely: Center of Information Technology, University of Montenegro,
Faculty of Information Technology, University Mediterranean, Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
University of Montenegro and Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Montenegro.
Collaboration around medium equipment within a country is somewhat more limited than in case of the
capital equipment, because in the number of cases of planned instruments they belong to a group of small
devices that is hard to share, even though it is not impossible. These are, for instance: test tubes, test
materials, computer accessories, microscope accessories, freezers, incubators, etc. For instance, freezers
are planned in different laboratories at Biotechnical faculty, University of Montenegro, and it seemed that
their sharing is possible, but discussions with staff indicated that in the most cases, samples which would
be stored in these freezers belong to completely different categories that should not come into contact
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with each other, e.g infectious bacteria and food samples, or tissue samples. Then, if these two categories
of samples are kept together (e.g. in case of freezer sharing), there is a huge risk of contamination and
further safety hazards. On the other hand, balances can be shared (staff from other institutions can come
and measure samples easily), but this is equipment of small value often used and it is easier to obtain one
if often needed.
Software licenses for larger number of users provide significantly lower price of the software, so it would
be economically justified to agree and purchase centrally, by one institution, the same versions of
statistical software, office and operative systems software and other specialized software solutions, as
well as computers and accessories, for all research institutions in Montenegro that expressed the need for
it. It would be efficient if that purchase could be organised by the Ministry of Science.
A part of the equipment is not sharable because it is related to unique tests in area that only one institution
is dealing with, such as in case of equipment at Civil Engineering Faculty or Faculty for Sport and
Physical Education, Nikšić and other devices with unique purpose.
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4.
Practical recommendations for the Ministry of Science
4.1 Virtual center for the improvement of scientific research institutions visibility
Regardless of the current possibilities for joint use of resources (equipment and human resources, joint
projects and collaboration in general), the main conclusion drawn from this Study is that institutions are
largely unaware of activities performed at other institutions then their own. Every single research
institution plan their activities based only on resources they have, not considering the possibility that
perhaps in some other research unit (sometimes, not even far from them) some complementary research is
realised, except in cases of direct collaboration. But even more often, there are situations when
researchers are unaware that the equipment they need exist at some other institution, if they did not have
previous collaboration. For instance, it seems that large number of people do not know that cutting-edge
TEM microscope exists at The Ferrous Metallurgy Institute AD Nikšić, and even many of them even do
not know that this institution performs research activities. There are many unique capital devices
throughout research institutions in Montenegro that would be interesting for cooperation on national,
regional and EU level as well, in both applied and basic research. However, the awareness on the
equipment existence is lacking.
Highly efficient way to promote collaboration, joint projects and joint use of the resources in general,
would be one CENTRALIZED INTERNET WEBSITE/WEB PORTAL where all relevant information
could be offered to the scientific community, but also to other stakeholders of the research life. Beside
scientific research institutions, important users of such portal at national level, for whom those kind of
information would be very useful, would include: economy (large, medium and small companies),
entrepreneurs (including SMEs), industry, public and private research, education and investment
communities (private investors and venture capital), local, regional and national governmental bodies and
civil society. Such internet website could become a centralized virtual online place to offer and demand
equipment and knowledge, that is, services, to find new partners for collaboration and improvement of
research capacity and capability. It would be always accessible and could contain vast number of useful
information, regarding:
- Listings of available equipment that scientific research institution could offer for collaboration
purposes (for each interested scientific research unit/lab/department/institute/faculty), with
appropriate contacts of persons responsible for the listed equipment,
- Descriptions of expertise per scientific research institutions along with resources (infrastructure
and human resources),
- Listings of industrial partners with description of their expertise, especially listings of small and
medium enterprises (SMEs) in Montenegro,
- Available professional services (customization, integration, testing); and/or complete research
implementation,
This internet website could have various access levels, starting from open access for all users in some
parts, and in other part for users of some non-public information, related to e.g. collaboration best
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practice, issues and advantages, etc. Also, it can also have online discussion forum, for posting and
answering different questions (exchange of opinions and debates) related to problems with research
testing, maintenance, best practice in funds obtaining, projects, practical solutions and other. This alone
would greatly contribute to increase of collaboration between university units. Also, exchange of ideas,
proposals and collaboration can be organised in various forms, such as online conferences, internet
communication or else. Such online place would greatly contribute to positive awareness on integration
processes within scientific community in Montenegro, in general, but it could also promote international
cooperation. However, it should be noted that this website would be public and accordingly, any
information related to some institution, that owns the equipment, should have consent of that institution
for public publishing of data. This kind of Internet portal / website would represent one centralized online
"laboratory" which could be established with a minimum of engaged funds. It would only need regular
periodic maintenance, namely 1-2 persons who would input data on daily/weekly basis and take care of
regular site maintenance: information accuracy, safety issues with data, updates, occasional issues with
network, etc. In relation to this question, it would be natural that such website would be setup by the
Ministry of Science, within academic internet network, what would give proper official credibility to the
website.
4.1 Areas where scientific research institutions can significantly maximize productivity
Based on the previous analysis stated in this Study, several specific research areas can be emphasized as
future directions of society development, as seen by the scientific research institutions which participated
in this Study:
- Food and wine technologies;
- Phytosanitary control of food, food ingredients and materials and in veterinary;
- Autochthonous types of cheese in Montenegro;
- Autochthonous species of marine organisms in Montenegro;
- Herbal plants;
- New technologies for fish breeding;
- Infectious diseases in veterinary medicine;
- Microbiology;
- Genetic analysis, establishment of national bank of genetic resources (plants, animals, etc.),
biomolecular analysis;
- Monitoring of the environment in Montenegro;
- Biodiversity preservation;
- Defining and establishment of protected regions of environmental or cultural value (sea regions,
national parks, etc.) in Montenegro;
- Alternative sources of energy;
- Investigation and certification of road and highway structures and materials;
- Control and certification of materials (domestic and imported) aimed for civil structures and road
& highway structures;
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-
-
Energy efficiency in buildings and other civil constructions;
Geothermal heat exchangers;
Development of new materials for industry;
Mechatronics;
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT): software engineering, service oriented
architectures and large data analysis, networking, specialized software solutions (in energy, fluid
flow, robotics, etc.);
Civil engineering construction plans according to seismic activities of the ground; urban planning
of the cities; development of models for prediction of seismic activities in long-run;
Risks insurance of civil constructions (buildings, houses) taking into account seismic activities of
the ground.
The support of the Ministry of Science would be greatly welcomed for the following activities that were
expressed by the representatives of the institutions during field visits:
- Small adaptations of laboratories which cannot be covered by any existing project due to not being
eligible and which are essentially needed for proper functioning of the research units at
Biotechnical Faculty, University of Montenegro and at Faculty for Food Technology, Food Safety
and Ecology, University of Donja Gorica;
- Establishment of the national framework (legal regulative, procedures and protocols), as well as
the financial support to laboratory accreditation procedures at faculties;
- Official regulative for regular financing of young researchers (doctoral and post-doctoral
candidates) with long-term plan of the number of possible researchers;
- Definition of official procedures for funding of regular maintenance and service costs,
certification and risks insurance for scientific research equipment and laboratories, as well as
terrain field visits and introduction of this cost category to the regular financing of the research
institutions;
- Support in foundation of new laboratories (e.g. at Biotechnical Faculty);
- Support in establishment of the legal regulative, procedures and protocols for cooperation through
joint use of equipment among research institutions; and
- Establishment of institutionalized legal framework and protocols for commercialization of
research results and also for research spin-off creation, prototyping services, intellectual property
(IP) rights in research projects, authorship questions and issues of ownership, and other questions
related to results commercialization.
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