U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Jim Cooney
Accident Prevention
Specialist
Safety Program Manager
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Nancy Trudell
Manager Helena Flight
Standards District Office
The Big Kahuna
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Steve Robinson
Billings Flight Service
Flight Standards
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FAA
Federal
Acronym
Association
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FAA
Friendly
Aviation
Agency
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Orville Moore
Moore Quality Flying Service
Safety Program Counselor
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Form
1040EZ
Name &
Address
Income Tax Return
L
A
B
E
L
1995
Print your name above (first, initial, last)
Home address (no and street)
apt no
City, town or post office, state and ZIP code
Report Your
Income
1. How much did you make last year?
Figure
your Tax
2. How much do you have left?
3. Send it to us!
Sign
your
return
your signature
X
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1.
2.
3.
date
2 Essentials of
Flight
Lift
Money
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Federal Aviation Regulations
A REVIEW OF
FAR PART 61 & 91
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Airspace Reclassification
n
n
n
n
n
n
Positive Control Airspace
Terminal Control Area
Airport Radar Service Area
Airport Traffic Area-Control Zone
Controlled Airspace
Uncontrolled Airspace
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Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
Class G
FAR 91.155
Basic VFR Weather Minimums
Altitude
Class A
Class B
Class C & D
Class E
Visibility
Not Applicable
3 statute miles
3 statute miles
below 10k Same
10k & above 5 statute miles
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Cloud Clearance
Not Applicable
Clear of Clouds
500 feet below
1000 feet above
2000 feet horizontal
Same
1000 feet below
1000 feet above
2000 feet horizontal
FAR 91.155 cont.
Altitude
Class G
Visibility
Day 1200 ft. or less
Night 1200 ft or less
1 statute mile
3 statute miles
Day 1200 ft. to 10,000 1 statute mile
Night 1200 to 10,000
3 statute miles
More than 1200 and
and above 10,000
5 statute miles
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Cloud Clearance
Clear of clouds
500 ft. below
1000 ft. above
2000 ft. horizontal
500 ft. below
1000 ft above
2000 ft. horizontal
500 ft. below
1000 ft.above
2000 ft. horizontal
1000 ft. below
1000 ft. above
1 mile horizontal
FAR 61.3
Required Certificates
(a) Pilot certificate - in personal possession
(c) Appropriate and current medical
certificate - in personal possession
(e) Instrument rating - when conditions are
less than minimums for VFR flight
(h) Inspection of certificate - upon request
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FAR 61.14
Drug or Alcohol Test
3 (b)
Refusal, Grounds for
Suspension or Revocation
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61.31 High Performance Aircraft
o
Cannot act as PIC High Performance AC
u
o
o
200 Horsepower or retractable gear, flaps,
& controllable propeller
flight instruction from authorized CFI
logbook endorsement
PIC time before November 1, 1973
PIC check by FAA , 121, 125, 135 PIC
check, or a military PIC check
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61.31 High Altitude Aircraft
o
o
o
Private or commercial pilot cannot act as
PIC of pressurized AC with service ceiling
or max operating altitude above 25,000’
unless that person has:
u flight instruction from authorized CFI
u logbook endorsement
PIC time before April 15, 1991
PIC check by FAA, 121, 125, 135 PIC
check, or a military PIC check
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61.31 Tailwheel Aircraft
o
Cannot act as PIC of tailwheel AC
unless that pilot has:
u flight
instruction from authorized CFI including
normal, crosswind, and wheel landings
u logbook endorsement
o
Grandfather clause - PIC time before
April 15, 1991
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FAR 61.51
Logging of Pilot time (c)
1. Solo - sole occupant
2. Pilot in command - sole
manipulator
3. Second in command - aircraft
requires more than one pilot.
4. Instrument time - simulated or
actual - CFI - instructing in actual
conditions
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61.56 Flight Review
r
No person may act as PIC without a
Flight Review and Logbook endorsement.
u
u
r
r
1 Hr Flight Instruction
1 Hour Ground Instruction
Complete “approved” proficiency check
Complete the “Wings” Program
u
Flight Instructors who have completed
renewal need not complete ground
instruction
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61.57 Recent Flight Experience
o
Daytime - cannot act as PIC carrying
passengers unless
u3
Takeoffs & landings in same category &
class during last 90 days
F
o
Full Stop in tailwheel aircraft
Night
u3
Takeoffs & landings in same category &
class during last 90 days
u 1 Hr after sunset to 1 Hr before sunrise
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61.57 Recent IFR Experience
o
Cannot act as PIC under IFR nor in WX
below VFR unless within last 6 calendar
months
u6
Hours of actual or simulated
u 3 Hrs in flight in same category of aircraft
u 6 Instrument approaches in same category
o
Instrument Competency Check
u FAA ,
Military, FAA check pilot, certified CFII
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FAR 61.189
Flight Instructor Records
(a) Each Flight Instructor Shall
Sign the Logbook
Of each person he has given
Flight or Ground Instruction
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FAR 61.193
Flight Instructor Authorizations
A Flight Instructor is Authorized
 (a)
To give Flight and Ground Inst.
 (b) To Endorse the Certificate for Solo
or Solo Cross-country
 (c) To Endorse the Logbook for single
or repeated Solo Flights
 (d) To Endorse the Logbook for prep.
& preflight planning for XC
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FAR 91.3 Responsibility &
Authority of Pilot in Command
q
q
q
Final Authority as to the operation of that
aircraft.
May deviate from any rule to the extent
required to meet an emergency.
Shall upon request send a written report of
that deviation to the Administrator.
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91.103 Preflight Action
r
r
r
Each Pilot in Command shall, before
beginning a flight, become familiar with all
available information concerning that flight.
weather, fuel requirements, alternatives,
traffic delays, takeoff & landing distances.
any necessary information relating to
aircraft performance.
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FAR 91.111
Operating Near Other Aircraft
o
o
o
No person may operate an aircraft so
close to another aircraft as to create a
collision hazard.
No formation flight - except by prearrangement of PICs.
No formation flight with passengers for
hire.
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FAR 91.117 Aircraft Speed
p
p
p
Below 10,000’ MSL:
250 knots or less - 288 mph or less
Within 4 NM of an airport in class C or
class D airspace at or below 2500 AGL :
200 knots or less - 230 mph or less
Below airspace underlying class B airspace
200 knots or less - 230 mph or less
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FAR 91.119
Minimum Safe Altitudes
q
q
q
q
Anywhere - An altitude which will allow a
safe emergency landing without hazard to
people or property on the surface.
Congested Area - 1000’ above the highest
obstacle within 2000’ or the aircraft.
Other than congested areas - 500’
Over water & sparsely populated areas:
no closer than 500’ to any person, vessel,
vehicle or structure.
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FAR 91.411
Altimeter System Checks
q
No person may operate an aircraft in
controlled airspace under IFR unless
Within the previous 24 calendar months
u the
system has been checked and found to
comply to part 43
q
Following installation of an encoder or any
system maintenance
u the
system has been checked and found to
comply to part 43
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FAR 91.411
Transponder Tests & Inspections
q
No person may use an ATC transponder
unless:
within the previous 24 calendar months
u the
system has been checked and found to
comply to part 43
q
following installation or maintenance on a
transponder
u the
system has been checked and found to
comply to part 43
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Secret to Taking a Check Ride
Allow a check pilot to establish his (or
her superiority..
When he thinks you think that he’s the
greatest thing since Lindberg, the ride
will go better!!!
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Emergency Landings
r
r
r
r
r
r
Airspeed - level or slightly low nose
attitude - Fly the Airplane.
Airfield - landing site within 45 degrees.
Fuel - Carb Heat - Ignition.
Fly the Airplane - maintain control.
Pilot should know emergency procedures
specific to the airplane he/she is flying.
Final Phase - Fly the Airplane - No steep
turns close to the ground - flaps.
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It’s a physiological fact that
your can only do one thing at
a time.
If you spend too much time
doing one thing in an airplane,
know that something else is
probably going to hell.
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NTSB
U.S. Transportation Fatalities
1992
(
(
(
Highway
Aviation
Marine
1993
21,366 21,494
994
800
972
861
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Learn from the Mistakes of
Others....
You will not live long enough
to make them all yourself!
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Aircraft Accidents by Year
State of Montana
35
30
25
20
15
33
35
26
20
10
10
5
4
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
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1994
1995
Good Judgment comes
from experience...
Experience is often the
result of bad judgment!
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Aircraft Fatalities by Year
State of Montana
25
20
15
21
10
14
5
9
7
4
1
0
1990
1991
1992
1993
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1994
1995
Military Training Routes
3 Mid Air Collisions since 1986
n 51 known near mid air incidents
n 46 NASA Reports Filed
Need to determine activity in MTR for
flight planning purposes.
AC-210-5B “Military Flying Activities”
AC 90-48C “
n
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Military Training Routes
n
n
n
Airman’s Information Manual
Chapter 3, Section 5, Para 3-41
Sectional Aeronautical Charts
IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts
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Stall - Spin Accidents
o
o
o
o
o
3rd Leading cause of fatalities.
Need to stress recurrent training.
High level vs low level stalls.
Need to teach approach to stall
awareness.
Need to develop immediate reactions
to approach to low level stall situations.
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Don’t put yourself
in a situation
where you are committed
to just one course of
action!
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VMC into IMC
o
o
o
o
o
2rd Leading cause of fatalities
Need to stress the importance of
not pressing the weather
Legal minimums not necessarily
safe minimums
178 Seconds
The 180 degree turn can be a life
saving maneuver
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Vertigo
The inability of a person to
perceive his/her position
relative to the earth.
In other words.... he/she
cannot tell which way
is UP!!!
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If the weather briefing
makes you nervous...
What makes you think the flight
will calm your nerves?
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It’s better to be on the
ground, wishing you were
in the air, than it is
to be in the air,
wishing you were on the
ground!
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Unwarranted Low Level Flying
o
o
o
o
o
o
The Leading Cause of Fatalities in
Montana
Low level sight-seeing
Looking for Elk or Game
Just Plain Buzzing
Life Threatening Situation
43 Fatalities over 10 year period
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Minimum Safe Altitude
A. One where you don’t hit anything.
B. One where you don’t have to worry
about hitting anything.
C. One where neither you, nor your
passengers nor the FAA have to
worry about you hitting anything!
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Caution is not
Cowardice...
Nor is
carelessness...
COURAGE!!
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Farm for Sale
Quiet Surroundings
Wood Structure Included
Flowers blooming annually
Area 3’ x 6’ x 6’
For More Information
Ignore Safety
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Pilot Proficiency Award
Program
“Wings”
o
o
o
o
Attend Safety Meeting
1 Hr Dual - Instruments
1 Hr. Dual - Basic Air
Maneuvers
1 Hr. Dual - Landings
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Set of Wings
Wall Certificate Suitable for
Framing
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Flight Instructor - Wings
r
r
r
r
Put 3 Students through the Wings
Program - Receive your wings!
Good for the first three phases
No waiting period
Remaining phases - Proficiency Flight
& 12 month waiting period
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1995 Maintenance Technician
of the Year Award
1995 General Aviation Flight
Instructor of the Year Award
Cash Prizes
Free Trip to the EAA Fly-In
Convention
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9th Annual Family
Fly-In and Flight
Safety Expo
July 20-23, 1995
Helena, Montana
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Thanks
for Having Us!
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“A Superior pilot is one
who stays out of trouble
by using Superior Judgment
to avoid situations
which might require
the use of Superior skill.”
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Sig Ugrin
Miles City Aero Service
Safety Program Counselor
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Ted Mason
Manager
Air Traffic Control
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Irene Gross
Billings Flight Service
Great Falls Flight Service
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